AIM： To study the prevalence, predictors and control of bleeding following N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate （NBC） sclerotherapy of gastric varix （GV）. METHODS： We analyzed case records of 1436 patients with portal hypert...AIM： To study the prevalence, predictors and control of bleeding following N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate （NBC） sclerotherapy of gastric varix （GV）. METHODS： We analyzed case records of 1436 patients with portal hypertension, who underwent endoscopy during the past five years for variceal screening or upper gastrointestinal （GI） bleeding. Fifty patients with bleeding GV underwent sclerotherapy with a mean of 2 mL NBC for control of bleeding. Outcome parameters were primary hemostasis （bleeding control within the first 48 h）, recurrent bleeding （after 48 h of esophagogastro-duodenoscopy） and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. RESULTS： The prevalence of GV in patients with portal hypertension was 15% （220/1436） and the incidence of bleeding was 22.7% （50/220）. Out of the 50 bleeding GV patients, isolated gastric varices （IGV-Ⅰ） were seen in 22 （44%）, gastro-oesophageal varices （GOV） on lesser curvature （GOV-Ⅰ） in 16 （32%）, and GOV on greater curvature （GOV-Ⅱ） in 15 （30%）. IGV-Ⅰ was seen in 44% （22/50） patients who had bleeding as compared to 23% （39/170） who did not have bleeding （P 〈 0.003）. Primary hernostasis was achieved with NBC in all patients. Re-bleeding occurred in 7 （14%） patients after 48 h of initial sclerotherapy. Secondary hemostasis was achieved with repeat NBC sclerotherapy in 4/7 （57%）. Three patients died after repeat sclerotherapy, one during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stem shunt （TIPSS）, one during surgery and one due to uncontrolled bleeding. Treatment failure-related mortality rate was 6% （3/50）. CONCLUSION： GV can be seen in 15% of patients with portal hypertension and the incidence of bleeding is 22.7%. NBC is highly effective in controlling GV bleeding. In hospital mortality of patients with bleeding GV is 6%.展开更多
Experimental data on density and viscosity at 303.15K and 323.15K are presented for the binary mixtures of p-xylene with cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, sulfolane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and acetic acid.From these d...Experimental data on density and viscosity at 303.15K and 323.15K are presented for the binary mixtures of p-xylene with cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, sulfolane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and acetic acid.From these data, the excess molar volume and deviations in viscosity have been calculated. The computed quantities have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister Equation to derive coefficients and estimate the standard error values. Results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions.展开更多
文摘AIM： To study the prevalence, predictors and control of bleeding following N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate （NBC） sclerotherapy of gastric varix （GV）. METHODS： We analyzed case records of 1436 patients with portal hypertension, who underwent endoscopy during the past five years for variceal screening or upper gastrointestinal （GI） bleeding. Fifty patients with bleeding GV underwent sclerotherapy with a mean of 2 mL NBC for control of bleeding. Outcome parameters were primary hemostasis （bleeding control within the first 48 h）, recurrent bleeding （after 48 h of esophagogastro-duodenoscopy） and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. RESULTS： The prevalence of GV in patients with portal hypertension was 15% （220/1436） and the incidence of bleeding was 22.7% （50/220）. Out of the 50 bleeding GV patients, isolated gastric varices （IGV-Ⅰ） were seen in 22 （44%）, gastro-oesophageal varices （GOV） on lesser curvature （GOV-Ⅰ） in 16 （32%）, and GOV on greater curvature （GOV-Ⅱ） in 15 （30%）. IGV-Ⅰ was seen in 44% （22/50） patients who had bleeding as compared to 23% （39/170） who did not have bleeding （P 〈 0.003）. Primary hernostasis was achieved with NBC in all patients. Re-bleeding occurred in 7 （14%） patients after 48 h of initial sclerotherapy. Secondary hemostasis was achieved with repeat NBC sclerotherapy in 4/7 （57%）. Three patients died after repeat sclerotherapy, one during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stem shunt （TIPSS）, one during surgery and one due to uncontrolled bleeding. Treatment failure-related mortality rate was 6% （3/50）. CONCLUSION： GV can be seen in 15% of patients with portal hypertension and the incidence of bleeding is 22.7%. NBC is highly effective in controlling GV bleeding. In hospital mortality of patients with bleeding GV is 6%.
文摘Experimental data on density and viscosity at 303.15K and 323.15K are presented for the binary mixtures of p-xylene with cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, sulfolane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and acetic acid.From these data, the excess molar volume and deviations in viscosity have been calculated. The computed quantities have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister Equation to derive coefficients and estimate the standard error values. Results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions.
