In an aqueous solution, normal electrolysis at high voltages switches over spontaneously to glow discharge electrolysis and gives rise to hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and aqueous electron, as well as several o...In an aqueous solution, normal electrolysis at high voltages switches over spontaneously to glow discharge electrolysis and gives rise to hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and aqueous electron, as well as several other active species. Hydroxyl radical directly attacks organic contaminants to make them oxidized. In the present paper, 2-naphthylamine is eventually degraded into hydrogen carbonate and carbon dioxide. The degradation process is analyzed by using an Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It is demonstrated that 2-naphthylamine (co =30 mg·1-1) is completely converted within 2h at 30℃ and 600 V by glow discharge electrolysis, and the degradation is strongly dependent upon the presence of ferrous ions. COD is ascended in the absence of ferrous ions and descended in the presence of them.展开更多
A one-dimensional fluid model is adopted to simulate the characteristics of N2, O2, and N2/O2 dual-frequency （DF） capacitively coupled plasmas （CCPs） under typical conditions in PECVD technologies. Not only the gr...A one-dimensional fluid model is adopted to simulate the characteristics of N2, O2, and N2/O2 dual-frequency （DF） capacitively coupled plasmas （CCPs） under typical conditions in PECVD technologies. Not only the ground, the excited states but also the vibration levels of the main species are considered. The study focuses on the influence of external parameters such as matching of the high-frequency （HF） and low-frequency （LF）, HF and LF of the voltage sources, as well as discharge pressures, on physical characteristics of discharges. The results show that the decoupling of the two sources is possible by increasing the applied HF, the electron density and ion flux are determined only by the HF of the voltage source, whereas the LF has a little influence on the plasma characteristics. In addition, the matching of frequency affects the characteristics of discharges to some extent. Fhrthermore, the pressure is a main external parameter affecting the characteristics of discharges, and a small amount of oxygen in N2 plasma can efficiently increase N＋ ion flux incident onto the electrode and the density of N atom.展开更多
The effect of N_(2)discharge products on cyclohexane degradation over a MnO_(2)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst has been evaluated by feeding N_(2)discharge products to the catalyst using a specially designed dielectric barrie...The effect of N_(2)discharge products on cyclohexane degradation over a MnO_(2)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst has been evaluated by feeding N_(2)discharge products to the catalyst using a specially designed dielectric barrier discharge reactor.At a reaction temperature of 100℃,the cyclohexane conversion increased from 2.46%(without N_(2)discharge products)to 26.3%(with N_(2)discharge products).N-and O-containing by-product(3,4-dehydroproline)was found on the catalyst surface using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry identification,in which C=N–C and C=N–H bonds were also confirmed from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results.Operando analysis results using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that N atoms can react with surface H_(2)O possibly to NH and OH reactive species that have reactivities to promote CO oxidation to CO_(2).The mechanism of N-atom-driven cyclohexane degradation to CO and CO_(2)is proposed.展开更多
Driven by pulse modulated radio-frequency plasma in capacitively coupled discharge are studied by source, the behavior of SiH4/N2/02 using a one-dimensional fluid model. Totally, 48 different species （electrons, ions...Driven by pulse modulated radio-frequency plasma in capacitively coupled discharge are studied by source, the behavior of SiH4/N2/02 using a one-dimensional fluid model. Totally, 48 different species （electrons, ions, neutrals, radicals and excited species） are involved in this simulation. Time evolution of the particle densities and electron temperature with different duty cycles are obtained, as well as the electronegativity nsiH-3 /ne of the main negative ion （Sill3 ）. The results show that, by reducing the duty cycle, higher electron temperature and particle density can be achieved for the same average dissipated power, and the ion energy can also be effectively reduced, which will offer evident improvement in plasma deposition processes compared with the case of continuous wave discharge.展开更多
In this work, a new numerical technique is proposed for the resolution of a fluid model based on three Boltzmann moments. The main purpose of this technique is to calculate electric and physical properties in the non-...In this work, a new numerical technique is proposed for the resolution of a fluid model based on three Boltzmann moments. The main purpose of this technique is to calculate electric and physical properties in the non-equilibrium electric discharge at low pressure. The transport and Poisson＇s equations form a self-consistent model. This equation system is written in cylindrical coordinates following the geometric shape of a plasma reactor. Our transport equation system is discretized using the finite volume approach and resolved by the N-BEE explicit scheme coupled to the time splitting method. This programming structure reduces computation time considerably. The 2D code is carried out and tested by comparing our results with those found in literature.展开更多
The paper is devoted to the proof of the uniqueness theorem for solution of the equation for the non-local ionization source in a glow discharge and a hollow cathode in general 3D geometry. The theorem is applied to w...The paper is devoted to the proof of the uniqueness theorem for solution of the equation for the non-local ionization source in a glow discharge and a hollow cathode in general 3D geometry. The theorem is applied to wide class of electric field configurations, and to the walls of discharge volume, which have a property of incomplete absorption of the electrons. Cathode is regarded as interior singular source, which is placed arbitrarily close to the wall. The existence of solution is considered also. During the proof of the theorem many of useful structure formulae are obtained. Elements of the proof structure, which have arisen, are found to have physical sense. It makes clear physical construction of non-local electron avalanche, which builds a source of ionization in glow discharge at low pressures. Last has decisive significance to understand the hollow cathode discharge configuration and the hollow cathode effect.展开更多
C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体以其优异的环保和绝缘性能成为目前最具潜力替代SF6应用于电力工业的气体绝缘介质。尽管O_(2)的加入可以在一定程度上提升C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的绝缘性能和化学稳定性,但O_(2)加入及其体积分数...C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体以其优异的环保和绝缘性能成为目前最具潜力替代SF6应用于电力工业的气体绝缘介质。尽管O_(2)的加入可以在一定程度上提升C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的绝缘性能和化学稳定性,但O_(2)加入及其体积分数变化对混合气体局部放电(partial discharge,PD)作用下气体和固体副产物生成特性的影响规律尚不清楚。因此通过针–板电极模拟设备内的金属突出物缺陷开展C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)96 h PD及其分解特性试验。研究发现C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体中加入体积分数2%~4%的O_(2)可以显著抑制大部分副产物的生成,O_(2)体积分数大于6%时每秒累积放电量和平均放电量急剧增加,导致混合气体分解加剧;C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)在长时间PD作用下板电极表面中心区域出现较为明显的圆环状固体析出物,主要成分包括金属氧化物(CuO)、氟化物(CuF、CFx)、碳氧化合物(CO、CO_(2))和氮氧化合物(NO、NO_(2));体积分数4%的O_(2)加入对PD固体析出物的元素组成及其价态影响较小,但可以一定程度上减少其生成量,混合气体中O_(2)对金属导体的腐蚀作用弱于C_(4)F_(7)N。展开更多
基金The project supported in part by the Project of Key Science and Technology of Education Ministry (00250)the Nature Science Foundation of Gansu Province (3ZS041-A25-028)the Invention Project of Science and Technology (KJCXGC-01, NWNU), 2000
文摘In an aqueous solution, normal electrolysis at high voltages switches over spontaneously to glow discharge electrolysis and gives rise to hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and aqueous electron, as well as several other active species. Hydroxyl radical directly attacks organic contaminants to make them oxidized. In the present paper, 2-naphthylamine is eventually degraded into hydrogen carbonate and carbon dioxide. The degradation process is analyzed by using an Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It is demonstrated that 2-naphthylamine (co =30 mg·1-1) is completely converted within 2h at 30℃ and 600 V by glow discharge electrolysis, and the degradation is strongly dependent upon the presence of ferrous ions. COD is ascended in the absence of ferrous ions and descended in the presence of them.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11335004 and 11375040)the Important National Science and Technology Specific Project(No.2011ZX02403-001)
文摘A one-dimensional fluid model is adopted to simulate the characteristics of N2, O2, and N2/O2 dual-frequency （DF） capacitively coupled plasmas （CCPs） under typical conditions in PECVD technologies. Not only the ground, the excited states but also the vibration levels of the main species are considered. The study focuses on the influence of external parameters such as matching of the high-frequency （HF） and low-frequency （LF）, HF and LF of the voltage sources, as well as discharge pressures, on physical characteristics of discharges. The results show that the decoupling of the two sources is possible by increasing the applied HF, the electron density and ion flux are determined only by the HF of the voltage source, whereas the LF has a little influence on the plasma characteristics. In addition, the matching of frequency affects the characteristics of discharges to some extent. Fhrthermore, the pressure is a main external parameter affecting the characteristics of discharges, and a small amount of oxygen in N2 plasma can efficiently increase N＋ ion flux incident onto the electrode and the density of N atom.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075037)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_2873)Research and Application Service Platform Project of API Manufacturing Environmental Protection and Safety Technology in China(No.2020-0107-3-1).
文摘The effect of N_(2)discharge products on cyclohexane degradation over a MnO_(2)/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst has been evaluated by feeding N_(2)discharge products to the catalyst using a specially designed dielectric barrier discharge reactor.At a reaction temperature of 100℃,the cyclohexane conversion increased from 2.46%(without N_(2)discharge products)to 26.3%(with N_(2)discharge products).N-and O-containing by-product(3,4-dehydroproline)was found on the catalyst surface using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry identification,in which C=N–C and C=N–H bonds were also confirmed from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results.Operando analysis results using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that N atoms can react with surface H_(2)O possibly to NH and OH reactive species that have reactivities to promote CO oxidation to CO_(2).The mechanism of N-atom-driven cyclohexane degradation to CO and CO_(2)is proposed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10775025)Important National Science & Technology Specific Project of China (No.2011ZX02403-001)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (NCET-08-0073)
文摘Driven by pulse modulated radio-frequency plasma in capacitively coupled discharge are studied by source, the behavior of SiH4/N2/02 using a one-dimensional fluid model. Totally, 48 different species （electrons, ions, neutrals, radicals and excited species） are involved in this simulation. Time evolution of the particle densities and electron temperature with different duty cycles are obtained, as well as the electronegativity nsiH-3 /ne of the main negative ion （Sill3 ）. The results show that, by reducing the duty cycle, higher electron temperature and particle density can be achieved for the same average dissipated power, and the ion energy can also be effectively reduced, which will offer evident improvement in plasma deposition processes compared with the case of continuous wave discharge.
文摘In this work, a new numerical technique is proposed for the resolution of a fluid model based on three Boltzmann moments. The main purpose of this technique is to calculate electric and physical properties in the non-equilibrium electric discharge at low pressure. The transport and Poisson＇s equations form a self-consistent model. This equation system is written in cylindrical coordinates following the geometric shape of a plasma reactor. Our transport equation system is discretized using the finite volume approach and resolved by the N-BEE explicit scheme coupled to the time splitting method. This programming structure reduces computation time considerably. The 2D code is carried out and tested by comparing our results with those found in literature.
文摘The paper is devoted to the proof of the uniqueness theorem for solution of the equation for the non-local ionization source in a glow discharge and a hollow cathode in general 3D geometry. The theorem is applied to wide class of electric field configurations, and to the walls of discharge volume, which have a property of incomplete absorption of the electrons. Cathode is regarded as interior singular source, which is placed arbitrarily close to the wall. The existence of solution is considered also. During the proof of the theorem many of useful structure formulae are obtained. Elements of the proof structure, which have arisen, are found to have physical sense. It makes clear physical construction of non-local electron avalanche, which builds a source of ionization in glow discharge at low pressures. Last has decisive significance to understand the hollow cathode discharge configuration and the hollow cathode effect.
文摘C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体以其优异的环保和绝缘性能成为目前最具潜力替代SF6应用于电力工业的气体绝缘介质。尽管O_(2)的加入可以在一定程度上提升C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的绝缘性能和化学稳定性,但O_(2)加入及其体积分数变化对混合气体局部放电(partial discharge,PD)作用下气体和固体副产物生成特性的影响规律尚不清楚。因此通过针–板电极模拟设备内的金属突出物缺陷开展C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)96 h PD及其分解特性试验。研究发现C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体中加入体积分数2%~4%的O_(2)可以显著抑制大部分副产物的生成,O_(2)体积分数大于6%时每秒累积放电量和平均放电量急剧增加,导致混合气体分解加剧;C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)在长时间PD作用下板电极表面中心区域出现较为明显的圆环状固体析出物,主要成分包括金属氧化物(CuO)、氟化物(CuF、CFx)、碳氧化合物(CO、CO_(2))和氮氧化合物(NO、NO_(2));体积分数4%的O_(2)加入对PD固体析出物的元素组成及其价态影响较小,但可以一定程度上减少其生成量,混合气体中O_(2)对金属导体的腐蚀作用弱于C_(4)F_(7)N。
