Protected simultaneous quantum remote state preparation scheme by weak and reversal measurements in noisy environments

We discuss a quantum remote state preparation protocol by which two parties, Alice and Candy, prepare a single-qubit and a two-qubit state, respectively, at the site of the receiver Bob. The single-qubit state is known to Alice while the two-qubit state which is a non-maximally entangled Bell state is known to Candy. The three parties are connected through a single entangled state which acts as a quantum channel. We first describe the protocol in the ideal case when the entangled channel under use is in a pure state. After that, we consider the effect of amplitude damping(AD) noise on the quantum channel and describe the protocol executed through the noisy channel. The decrement of the fidelity is shown to occur with the increment in the noise parameter. This is shown by numerical computation in specific examples of the states to be created. Finally, we show that it is possible to maintain the label of fidelity to some extent and hence to decrease the effect of noise by the application of weak and reversal measurements. We also present a scheme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled resource which we require as a quantum channel. The generation scheme is run on the IBMQ platform.

A Robust Framework for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Noisy Labels Generated from Distributed Data Annotation

Multimodal sentiment analysis utilizes multimodal data such as text,facial expressions and voice to detect people’s attitudes.With the advent of distributed data collection and annotation,we can easily obtain and share such multimodal data.However,due to professional discrepancies among annotators and lax quality control,noisy labels might be introduced.Recent research suggests that deep neural networks(DNNs)will overfit noisy labels,leading to the poor performance of the DNNs.To address this challenging problem,we present a Multimodal Robust Meta Learning framework(MRML)for multimodal sentiment analysis to resist noisy labels and correlate distinct modalities simultaneously.Specifically,we propose a two-layer fusion net to deeply fuse different modalities and improve the quality of the multimodal data features for label correction and network training.Besides,a multiple meta-learner(label corrector)strategy is proposed to enhance the label correction approach and prevent models from overfitting to noisy labels.We conducted experiments on three popular multimodal datasets to verify the superiority of ourmethod by comparing it with four baselines.

SPEECH ENHANCEMENT METHOD FOR LPC AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL AND SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMAND WORD RECOGNITION USED IN NOISY ENVIRONMENT

At present, almost all the systems and products for speech recognition are working in quiet environment and their performances are degraded or even can′t work when they are operated in high noisy environment. In this paper, after analyzing the features of speech and noise, a speech enhancement method for LPC autoregressive model for command words recognition used in noisy environment is proposed, and an experimental system is realized. In different background noisy environments, we conduct experiments about SNR, basic accuracy, noise resistant ability and system environment adaptability with different microphones. The experimental results show that the system has good recognition performance in high noisy environments. The system can resist many kinds of noises and meet the needs of application areas on the whole such as military, traffic, marketplace and factory etc.

Enhancing manual P-phase arrival detection and automatic onset time picking in a noisy microseismic data in underground mines

Accurate detection and picking of the P-phase onset time in noisy microseismic data from underground mines remains a big challenge. Reliable P-phase onset time picking is necessary for accurate source location needed for planning and rescue operations in the event of failures. In this paper, a new technique based on the discrete stationary wavelet transform （DSWT）and higher order statist!cs, is proposed for processing noisy data from underground mines. The objectives of this method are to （1） Improve manual detection and tPicking of P-phase onset; and （ii） provide an automatic means of detecting and picking P-phase onset me accurately. The DSWT is first used to filter the signal over several scales. The manual P-phase onset detection and picking are then obtained by computing the signal energy across selected scales with frequency bands that capture the signal of interest. The automatic P-phase onset, on the other hand, is achieved by using skewness- and kurtosis-based criterion applied to selected scales in a time-frequency domain. The method was tested using synthetic and field data from an underground limestone mine. Results were compared with results obtained by using the short-term to long-term average （STA/LTA） ratio and that by Reference Ge et al. （2009）. The results show that the me!hod provides a more reliable estimate of the P-phase onset arrival than the STA]LTA method when the signal to noise ratio is very low. Also, the results obtained from the field data matched accurately with the results from Reference Ge et al. （2009）.

Speech Endpoint Detection in Noisy Environments Using EMD and Teager Energy Operator

Accurate endpoint detection is a necessary capability for speech recognition. A new energy measure method based on the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） algorithm and Teager energy operator （TEO） is proposed to locate endpoint intervals of a speech signal embedded in noise. With the EMD, the noise signals can be decomposed into different numbers of sub-signals called intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）, which is a zero-mean AM-FM component. Then TEO can be used to extract the desired feature of the modulation energy for IMF components. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, examples are presented to show that the new measure is more effective than traditional measures. The present experimental results show that the measure can be used to improve the performance of endpoint detection algorithms and the accuracy of this algorithm is quite satisfactory and acceptable.

Robust Quantum Secure Direct Communication and Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication over Collective Dephasing Noisy Channel

We propose two schemes for quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic securequantum communication (DSQC) over collective dephasing noisy channel.In our schemes,four special two-qubit statesare used as the quantum channel.Since these states are unchanged through the collective dephasing noisy channel,the effect of the channel noise can be perfectly overcome.Simultaneously,the security against some usual attacks canbe ensured by utilizing the various checking procedures.Furthermore,these two schemes are feasible with present-daytechnique.

Harmonic signal extraction from noisy chaotic interference based on synchrosqueezed wavelet transform

For the harmonic signal extraction from chaotic interference, a harmonic signal extraction method is proposed based on synchrosqueezed wavelet transform(SWT). First, the mixed signal of chaotic signal, harmonic signal, and noise is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode-type functions by synchrosqueezed wavelet transform(SWT) then the instantaneous frequency of intrinsic mode-type functions is analyzed by using of Hilbert transform, and the harmonic extraction is realized. In experiments of harmonic signal extraction, the Duffing and Lorenz chaotic signals are selected as interference signal, and the mixed signal of chaotic signal and harmonic signal is added by Gauss white noises of different intensities.The experimental results show that when the white noise intensity is in a certain range, the extracting harmonic signals measured by the proposed SWT method have higher precision, the harmonic signal extraction effect is obviously superior to the classical empirical mode decomposition method.

Noisy Chaotic Neural Network for Resource Allocation in High-Speed Train OFDMA System

High-speed train communication system is a typical high-mobility wireless communication network. Resource allocation problem has a great impact on the system performance. However, conventional resource allocation approaches in cellular network cannot be directly applied to this kind of special communication environment. A multidomain resource allocation strategy was proposed in the orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA) of high-speed. By analyzing the effect of Doppler shift, sub-channels, antennas, time slots and power were jointly considered to maximize the energy efficiency under the constraint of total transmission power. For the purpose of reducing the computational complexity, noisy chaotic neural network algorithm was used to solve the above optimization problem. Simulation results showed that the proposed resource allocation method had a better performance than the traditional strategy.

Robust Speech Recognition System Using Conventional and Hybrid Features of MFCC,LPCC,PLP,RASTA-PLP and Hidden Markov Model Classifier in Noisy Conditions

In recent years, the accuracy of speech recognition (SR) has been one of the most active areas of research. Despite that SR systems are working reasonably well in quiet conditions, they still suffer severe performance degradation in noisy conditions or distorted channels. It is necessary to search for more robust feature extraction methods to gain better performance in adverse conditions. This paper investigates the performance of conventional and new hybrid speech feature extraction algorithms of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), Linear Prediction Coding Coefficient (LPCC), perceptual linear production (PLP), and RASTA-PLP in noisy conditions through using multivariate Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classifier. The behavior of the proposal system is evaluated using TIDIGIT human voice dataset corpora, recorded from 208 different adult speakers in both training and testing process. The theoretical basis for speech processing and classifier procedures were presented, and the recognition results were obtained based on word recognition rate.

Reduction of entropy uncertainty for qutrit system under non-Markov noisy environment

We explore the entropy uncertainty for qutrit system under non-Markov noisy environment and discuss the effects of the quantum memory system and the spontaneously generated interference(SGI)on the entropy uncertainty in detail.The results show that,the entropy uncertainty can be reduced by using the methods of quantum memory system and adjusting of SGI.Particularly,the entropy uncertainty can be decreased obviously when both the quantum memory system and the SGI are simultaneously applied.

Time-bin-encoding-based remote states generation of nitrogen-vacancy centers through noisy channels

We design proposals to generate a remote Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger（GHZ） state and a W state of nitrogenvacancy（NV） centers coupled to microtoroidal resonators（MTRs） through noisy channels by utilizing time-bin encoding processes and fast-optical-switch-based polarization rotation operations.The polarization and phase noise induced by noisy channels generally affect the time of state generation but not its success probability and fidelity.Besides,the above proposals can be generalized to n-qubit between two or among n remote nodes with success probability unity under ideal conditions.Furthennore,the proposals are robust for regular noise-changeable channels for the n-node case.This method is also useful in other remote quantum information processing tasks through noisy channels.

Quantum simulation and quantum computation of noisy-intermediate scale

In the past years, great progresses have been made on quantum computation and quantum simulation. Increasing the number of qubits in the quantum processors is expected to be one of the main motivations in the next years, while noises in manipulation of quantum states may still be inevitable even the precision will improve. For research in this direction, it is necessary to review the available results about noisy multiqubit quantum computation and quantum simulation. The review focuses on multiqubit state generations, quantum computational advantage, and simulating physics of quantum many-body systems. Perspectives of near term noisy intermediate-quantum processors will be discussed.

Properties on the distant distribution of entanglement for arbitrary two-qubit pure states via noisy quantum channels

This paper investigates the change of entanglement for transmitting an arbitrarily entangled two-qubit pure state via one of three typical kinds of noisy quantum channels： amplitude damping quantum channel, phase damping quantum channel and depolarizing quantum channel. It finds, in all these three cases, that the output distant entanglement （measured by concurrence） reduces proportionately with respect to its initial amount, and the decaying ratio is determined only by the noisy characteristics of quantum channels and independent of the form of initial input state.

Noisy teleportation of qubit states via the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state or the W state

The effects of distributing entanglement through the amplitude damping channel or the phase damping channel on the teleportation of a single-qubit state via the Greenberger Horne-Zeilinger state and the W state are discussed. It is found that the average fidelity of teleportation depends on the type and rate of the damping in the channel. For the one-qubit affected case, the Greenberger-Horne Zeilinger state is as robust as the W state, i.e., the same quantum information is preserved through teleportation. For the two-qubit affected case, the W state is more robust when the entanglement is distributed via the amplitude damping channel; if the entanglement is distributed via the phase damping channel, the W state is more robust when the noisy parameter is small while the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state becomes more robust when it is large. For the three-qubit affected case, the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state is more robust than the W state.

Numerical differentiation of noisy data with local optimum by data segmentation

A new numerical differentiation method with local opti- mum by data segmentation is proposed. The segmentation of data is based on the second derivatives computed by a Fourier devel- opment method. A filtering process is used to achieve acceptable segmentation. Numerical results are presented by using the data segmentation method, compared with the regularization method. For further investigation, the proposed algorithm is applied to the resistance capacitance （RC） networks identification problem, and improvements of the result are obtained by using this algorithm.

Controlling transfer of quantum correlations among bi-partitions of a composite quantum system by combining different noisy environments

The correlation dynamics are investigated for various bi-partitions of a composite quantum system consisting of two qubits and two independent and non-identical noisy environments. The two qubits have no direct interaction with each other and locally interact with their environments. Classical and quantum correlations including the entanglement are initially prepared only between the two qubits. We find that contrary to the identical noisy environment case, the quantum correlation transfer direction can be controlled by combining different noisy environments. The amplitude- damping environment determines whether there exists the entanglement transfer among bi-partitions of the system. When one qubit is coupled to an amplitude-damping environment and the other one to a bit-flip one, we find a very interesting result that all the quantum and the classical correlations, and even the entanglement, originally existing between the qubits, can be completely transferred without any loss to the qubit coupled to the bit-flit environment and the amplitude-damping environment. We also notice that it is possible to distinguish the quantum correlation from the classical correlation and the entanglement by combining different noisy environments.

Quantum walks with coins undergoing different quantum noisy channels

Quantum walks have significantly different properties compared to classical random walks, which have potential applications in quantum computation and quantum simulation. We study Hadamard quantum walks with coins undergoing different quantum noisy channels and deduce the analytical expressions of the first two moments of position in the long- time limit. Numerical simulations have been done, the results are compared with the analytical results, and they match extremely well. We show that the variance of the position distributions of the walks grows linearly with time when enough steps are taken and the linear coefficient is affected by the strength of the quantum noisy channels.

Resonance Analyses for a Noisy Coupled Brusselator Model

We discuss the dynamical behavior of a chemical network arising from the coupling of two Brusselators established by the relationship between products and substrates. Our interest is to investigate the coherence resonance （CR） phenomena caused by noise for a coupled Brusselator model in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation, which can be determined by the signM-to-noise ratio （SNR）. The CR in two coupled Brusselators will be considered in the presence of the Gaussian colored noise and two uncorrelated Gaussian white noises. Simulation results show that, for the case of single noise, the SNR characterizing the degree of temporal regularity of coupled model reaches a maximum value at some optimal noise levels, and the noise intensity can enhance the CR phenomena of both subsystems with a similar trend but in different resonance degrees. Meanwhile, effects of noise intensities on CR of the second subsystem are opposite for the systems under we find that CR might be a general phenomenon in coupled two uncorrelated Gaussian white noises. Moreover, systems.

Location Characterization in Noisy Range Network Localization

Network localization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks, mainly in location dependent applications. A common family of solutions to this problem is the range-based network localization. The resulting localization algorithms are noise sensitive and thus lacking in terms of robustness. Our contribution provides an algorithm which is robust to measurement errors. We propose an analytical tool to analyze the effect of range errors in the final location and use a distributed method to solve the noisy range localization problem.

Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Anechoic Chamber and a Noisy Environment Experimentally

In real life, when a noise problem occurs, it is important to identify the cause and measure the noise of the source, since it may affect human beings or other constructions due to vibration generated from noise, so it is necessary to determine the noise related to a specific source like a machine in the presence of other sources which is a very important approach in noise control engineering. In this article a full experiment was executed to measure the sound pressure levels of various sources (stationary and non-stationary), in both an anechoic chamber and a non-ideal noisy environment. The sound pressure level was extracted for different sources and compared for both ideal and non-ideal environment. The results showed that acoustical free field of the space is the best field to do measurements to avoid reflection, on the other hand the difference between the source and the background should be more than 3 dB to get better results.