Invasive versus conservative strategy in consecutive patients aged 80 years or older with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a retrospective study in China

Objective To investigate whether the very elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) will benefit from an invasive strategy versus a conservative strategy. Methods 190 consecutive patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI were included in the retrospective study from September 2014 to August 2017, of which 69 patients received conservative strategy and 121 patients received invasive strategy. The primary outcome was death. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the statistical association between strategies and mortality. The survival probability was further analyzed. Results The primary outcome occurred in 17.4% patients in the invasive group and in 42.0% patients in the conservative group (P = 0.0002). The readmission rate in the invasive group (14.9%) was higher than that in the conservative group (7.2%). Creatinine level (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.10–1.03, P = 0.05) and use of diuretic (OR = 3.65, 95% CI: 1.56–8.53, P = 0.003) were independent influential factors for invasive strategy. HRs for multivariate Cox regression models were 3.45 (95% CI: 1.77–6.75, P = 0.0003), 3.02 (95% CI: 1.52–6.01, P = 0.0017), 2.93 (95% CI: 1. 46–5.86, P = 0.0024) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.20–5.07, P = 0.0137). Compared with the patients received invasive strategy, the conservative group had remarkably reduced survival probability with time since treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusions An invasive strategy is superior to a conservative strategy in reducing mortality of patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI. Our results suggest that an invasive strategy is more suitable for the very elderly patients with NSTEMI in China.

Effects of omeprazole or pantoprazole on platelet function in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients receiving clopidogrel

Background: This study evaluated the effect of omeprazole or pantoprazole on platelet reactivity in non-STsegment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS) patients receiving clopidogrel.Methods: Consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS(n =620) from general hospital of Shenyang Military Command were randomized to the omeprazole or pantoprazole(20mg/d) group(1:1), and received routine dual antiplatelet treatment. Patients' reversion rate of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation(ADP-PA) was assessed at baseline, 12 to 24 h after administration of medication, and after 72 h of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). The primary endpoint of the study was platelet reactivity assessed with ADP-PA at 30 days after PCI. Adverse events(AEs) were recorded for 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods.Results: There were no significant differences between both the groups in platelet response to clopidogrel at 12–24h after drug administration(54.09%±18.90% vs. 51.62%±19.85%, P=0.12), 72 h after PCI(52.15%±19.45% vs. 49.66%±20.05%, P=0.18), and 30 days after PCI(50.44%±14.54% vs. 48.52%±15.08%, P=0.17). The rate of AEs did not differ significantly between groups during the 30-day(15.2% vs. 14.8%, P=0.91) and 180-day(16.5% vs. 14.5%, P=0.50) follow-up periods after PCI.Conclusion: The addition of omeprazole or pantoprazole to clopidogrel did not restrict the effect of platelet aggregation by reducing the conversion of clopidogrel. Compared with clopidogrel alone, pantoprazole-clopidogrel and omeprazoleclopidogrel combinations did not increase the incidence of adverse clinical events during 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods after PCI.

Effect of Shenmai injection combined with antiplatelet drugs on the plaque property and inflammatory response in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS

Objective: To investigate the effect of Shenmai injection combined with antiplatelet drugs on the plaque property and inflammatory response in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS. Methods: A total of 142 patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS who were treated in the hospital between June 2015 and September 2017 were divided into control group (n=71) and Shenmai injection group (n=71) by random number table method. Control group received antiplatelet drugs based on routine treatment, and Shenmai injection group received Shenmai injection combined with antiplatelet drugs on the basis of routine treatment. The differences in serum contents of plaque property-related indexes and inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum contents of metabolism indexes, lipid indexes, cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors between the two groups. After 1 week of treatment, serum metabolism indexes Hcy and UA contents of Shenmai injection group were lower than those of control group;serum lipid indexes ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2 contents were lower than those of control group;serum adhesion molecules sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 contents were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 contents were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Adjuvant Shenmai injection therapy can further stabilize the plaques and inhibit the systemic inflammatory response in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS.

Relationship between serum vasoactive factors and plaque morphology in patients with non-ST-segment elevated acute coronary syndrome

Background Vasoactive factors have been reported to correlate with vulnerable plaque and acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vasoactive factors and plaque morphology in patients suffering from non-ST-segment elevated ACS. Methods From April 2007 to April 2009, 124 consecutive patients suffering from non-ST-segment elevated ACS who had received coronary angiography （CAG） and intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） in the People＇s Liberation Army General Hospital and Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled in this study. Three serum vasoactive factors, plasma soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 （sFIt-1）, placental growth factor （PLGF） and interleukin-18 （IL-18）, were measured by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay of the patients. The levels of vasoactive factors were compared between vulnerable plaque group and stable plaque group, and between unstable angina pectoris （UAP） group and non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction （NSTE-AMI） group. The relationship between the plaque morphology and levels of vasoactive factors was analyzed. Results The levels of vasoactive factors were similar between the UAP group （69 patients） and NSTE-AMI group （55 patients）. The levels of sFIt-1 and PLGF in the vulnerable plaque group were significantly higher than those in the stable plaque group. The level of IL-18 was correlated positively with plaque morphology. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of PLGF was an independent risk factor for vulnerable plaque （OR=2.115, 95%Cl 1.415-5.758, P=0.018）. Using the ROC curve, PLGF was a significant factor for the diagnosis of vulnerable plaque （the diagnostic point was 26.3 ng/L, the proportion of square area under the ROC curve was 0.799, 95%C/0.758-0.839, P 〈0.001 ; the sensitivity of PLGF under the ROC curve was 86%, and the specificity 63%）. Conclusion Both IL-18 and PLGF are biomarkers for vulnerable plaques and helpful to predict vulnerable plaque.

Long-term Prognosis of Patients with Acute non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction undergoing Different Treatment Strategies

Background： In cardiology, it is controversial whether different therapy strategies influence prognosis after acute coronary syndrome. We examined and compared the long-term outcomes of invasive and conservative strategies in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （NSTEMI） and characterized the patients selected for an invasive approach. Methods： A total of 976 patients with acute NSTEMI were collected from December 2006 to October 2012 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Hospital. They are divided into conservative strategy （586 patients） and invasive strategy （390 patients） group. Unified tbllow-up questionnaire was performed by telephone contact （cut-off date was November, 2013）. The long-term clinical events were analyzed and related to the different treatment strategies. Results： The median follow-up time was 29 months. Mortality was 28.7% （n = 168） in the conservative group and 2.1% （n = 8） in the invasive management at long-term clinical follow-up. The secondary endpoint （the composite endpoint） was 59.0% （n = 346） in the conservative group and 30.3% （n = 118） in the invasive management. Multivariate analysis showed that patients in the conservative group had higher all-cause mortality rates than those who had the invasive management （adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 7.795; 95% confidence interval [CI]： 3.796 16.006, P 〈 0.001）, and the similar result was also seen in tile secondary endpoint （adjusted RR ： 2.102; 95% （7： 1.694-2.610, P 〈 0.001 ）. In the subgroup analysis according to each Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score （TRS）, log-rank analysis showed lower mortality and secondary endpoint rates in the invasive group with the intermediate and high-risk patients （TRS 3-7）. Conclusions： An invasive strategy could improve long-term outcomes for NSTEMI patients, especially for intermediate and high-risk ones （TRS 3- 7）.

The association between admission systolic blood pressure and 1-year mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Background In patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS）, lower admission systolic blood pressure（SBP）levels infer a worse prognosis. However, the predictive potential of admission SBP on 1-year mortality has not fully elucidated in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS（NSTEACS）. Methods We enrolled 1325 patients to investigate the association between admission SBP in patients hospitalized for NSTEACS. We analyzed the association between admission SBP and 1-year mortality. Admission SBP was categorized as low（〈110 mm Hg）, normal（110-140 mm Hg）, high（141-160 mm Hg）, and very high（〉160 mm Hg）. Results Compared with patients with normal admission SBP, those with low SBP had a significantly increased hazard ratios（HRs） for 1-year mortality of 3.03（P〈0.05）, while patients with high and very high admission SBP had no significantly increased HRs for 1-year mortality. Conclusion Low admission SBP, but not elevated admission SBP, is a strong independent predictor of 1-year mortality in patients with NSTEACS.

Comparison Between Upstream Tirofiban and Downstream Tirofiban in Patients With Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes at High-risk Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions:Efficacy and Safety

Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of upstream tirofiban with downstream tirofiban in patients with non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes （NSTE-ACS） at high-risk undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Two hundred and four patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI were randomized to upstream （4 -6 hours before coronary angiography） tirofiban or downstream （with the guidewire crossing the lesion） tirofiban. We evaluated myocardial damage after PCI by qualitatively analyzing cardiac troponin I （cTnI） and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB）. Platelet aggregation inhibition and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade were assessed. The incidences of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） at 24-hour, 90-day and 180-day after PCI were followed up. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocytopenia during tirofiban administration were recorded. Results There were 102 patients with NSTE-ACS randomly assigned to upstream group and downstream group respectively. The peak serum levels of cTnI within 48 hours after PCI were significantly lower with upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （0.34 vs 0. 61 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Post-procedural cTnI elevation within 48 hours was significantly less frequent among patients who received upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （63 % vs 82%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The peak serum levels of CK-MB as well as post-procedural CK-MB elevation within 48 hours after PCI were not significantly different between the two groups （ 15 vs 18 and 38% vs 43% ; respectively; P 〉 0. 05 ）. ECG changes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation between two groups were similar （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Although the inci- dences of MACE at 90-day and 180-day after PCI were not statistically different, they were consistently lower with upstream tirofiban （3 % vs 6% and 6% vs 16% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocyto- penia were similar in the two groups （ 11% vs 9% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions Among patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI, upstream tirofiban is associated with attenuated myocardial damage without increasing complications. （ S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 179 -185）

Early aggressive versus initially conservative treatment in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromeaTitle and subTitle Breakaaaaaaaa randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objectives The authors sought to describe the association between post-procedural bleeding and long-term recurrent bleeding, major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, and mortality among older patients undergoing per-cutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.

地中海饮食模式和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死发生风险的关系研究

目的探讨地中海饮食模式与急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)发生风险的相关性。方法本研究是一项单中心大型病例对照研究。收集2017年1月至2020年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院首次确诊为急性NSTEMI的患者600例作为急性NSTEMI组。根据年龄、性别进行1∶1匹配选取同期本院体检中心健康体检者600人作为对照组。比较2组一般资料。根据饮食频率调查问卷计算出改良地中海饮食评分(AMEDS)。将所有受试者按AMEDS分为AMEDS<4分组、AMEDS 4~5分组和AMEDS≥6分组。分析总体及不同AMEDS组的急性NSTEMI发生风险,分析AMEDS中不同种类食物与急性NSTEMI发生风险的相关性。结果急性NSTEMI组有高血压病、糖尿病病史的患者比例、收缩压、体重指数、目前吸烟者比例均高于对照组,家庭收入≥120000元/年的比例、AMEDS均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相对于AMEDS<4分组的受试者而言,AMEDS 4~5分组以及AMEDS≥6分组受试者急性NSTEMI发生风险明显降低(调整年龄、性别、受教育年限、家庭年收入、病史、体重指数、血压、血红蛋白、生活方式等多个协变量后的多因素分析比值比=0.72,95%置信区间:0.53~0.94,P=0.031;比值比=0.62,95%置信区间:0.47~0.84,P=0.008)。将患者按年龄和性别进行分层,多因素回归分析后发现,随AMEDS增加,急性NSTEMI发生风险降低的趋势在男性和年龄<60岁的人群依然存在(均P<0.05),在女性和≥60岁的人群中,趋势差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),同时分层之间交互性分析后差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。AMEDS食物种类分析结果显示,蔬菜、鱼类降低急性NSTEMI发生风险,红肉或加工肉类增加其发生风险(比值比=0.51,95%置信区间:0.42~0.66,P<0.001;比值比=0.75,95%置信区间:0.59~0.94,P=0.010;比值比=1.51,95%置信区间:1.21~1.90,P<0.001)。结论地中海饮食模式和急性NSTEMI的发生相关,改良地中海饮食的高依从性可能降低急性NSTEMI的发生风险。

阿司匹林抗血小板相关基因多态性在汉族NSTEMI患者人群中的分布

目的:分析汉族非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者人群中与阿司匹林抗血小板药理作用相关的GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)、PEAR1(rs12041331)和PTGS1(rs10306114)基因的基因型结果及等位基因分布特征,为汉族NSTEMI患者的个体化治疗提供参考。方法:选取2016年1月~2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的汉族NSTEMI患者107例为研究对象。采用荧光染色原位杂交的方法对GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)、PEAR1(rs12041331)和PTGS1(rs10306114)3个基因多态性位点进行检测分型,研究分析其基因型频率分布及等位基因分布情况,并分析汉族NSTEMI患者人群与1000 Genomes数据库中部分人群相关等位基因的分布是否存在统计学差异。结果:汉族NSTEMI患者人群中,GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)位点上基因型频率为TT 97.20%、TC 2.80%、CC 0%,等位基因频率为T 98.60%、C 1.40%;PEAR1(rs12041331)位点上基因型频率为GG 42.06%、GA 44.86%、AA 13.08%,等位基因频率为G64.49%、A 35.51%;PTGS1(rs10306114)位点上基因型均为AA(100%),未见AG或GG型。结论:在汉族NSTEMI患者人群中,与阿司匹林抗血小板药理作用相关的GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)位点上突变少见,PTGS1(rs10306114)位点上未见突变,这2个多态性位点上均以野生型纯合子为主,而PEAR1(rs12041331)位点上突变多见。本研究中部分结果与既往报道或相关数据库中收录的其他人群类似,也有部分结果与既往报道或其他人群存在明显差异。

GRACE、TIMI评分对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者不良心血管事件的评估价值

目的探讨全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分、心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)评分对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者不良心血管事件的评估价值。方法回顾性收集2020年1月~2023年11月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院治疗的257例NSTE-ACS患者的临床资料。根据GRACE和TIMI评分将患者分为低危组、中危组、高危组。统计患者发病30 d内不良心血管事件的发生情况,并对不同风险分层患者不良心血管事件的发生率进行比较,计算受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(AUC),评估GRACE、TIMI评分对NSTE-ACS患者不良心血管事件的评估价值。结果TIMI评分系统的低危患者比例为23.35%(60/257),与GRACE评分系统的18.68%(48/257)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TIMI评分系统的中危患者比例为62.65%(161/257),高于GRACE评分系统的40.47%(104/257);TIMI评分系统的高危患者比例为14.00%(36/257),低于GRACE评分系统的40.86%(105/257),差异均有统计学意义(t=25.308、48.101,P<0.05)。两种评分系统不同分层患者不良心血管事件总发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.403,P<0.05);死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.778,P>0.05)。GRACE评分预测NSTE-ACS患者不良心血管事件的AUC为0.756,高于TIMI评分的0.603。结论GRACE和TIMI风险评分对于NSTE-ACS患者近期心血管不良事件的发生均有一定的适用性,GRACE评分的预测价值更高。

Distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with aspirin antiplatelet in the Han NSTEMI population

Objective:To analyze the genotype and allele distribution characteristics of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331),and PTGS1(rs10306114)genes related to the antiplatelet pharmacological effects of aspirin,providing reference for individualized treatment of Chinese Han NSTEMI patients.Methods:A total of 107 Han patients with NSTEMI in Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The genotypes of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331)and PTGS1(rs10306114)were detected by fluorescence staining in situ hybridization.The frequency distribution and allele distribution of genotype were analyzed.The results were analyzed whether there were statistical differences in the distribution of related alleles between the Han NSTEMI population and some populations in the 1000 Genomes database.Results:In the Han NSTEMI population,the genotype frequencies of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)locus were TT 97.20%,TC 2.80%and CC 0%,the allele frequencies were T 98.60%and C 1.40%.The genotype frequencies of PEAR1(rs12041331)locus were GG 42.06%,GA 44.86%and AA 13.08%,the allele frequencies were G 64.49%and A 35.51%.The genotypes at the PTGS1(rs10306114)locus were all AA(100%),no AG or GG genotype was found.Conclusion:In the NSTEMI population of Han nationality,the mutation at GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)site related to aspirin antiplatelet pharmacology is rare,and there is no mutation at PTGS1(rs10306114)site.Wild homozygotes are dominant in these two gene loci,while mutations in PEAR1(rs12041331)are more common.Some of the findings in this study are similar to those in previous reports or other populations included in the relevant database;however,some results differ from previous reports or other populations。

超声联合血清AnxA1、MMP-3对NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值

目的探讨血清膜联蛋白A1(AnxA1)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)联合冠状动脉血管内超声钙化特征对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值。方法回顾性选取2019年7月至2022年5月鄂州市中心医院行PCI治疗的236例NSTE-ACS患者为研究对象,依据随访1年内冠状动脉再狭窄情况分为再狭窄组(n=24)和非狭窄组(n=212)。收集患者临床资料,对比患者血清AnxA1、MMP-3水平、血管内超声检查结果;采用Logistic多因素回归分析NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄影响因素;受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清AnxA1、MMP-3水平联合钙化特征评分预测术后冠状动脉再狭窄的价值。结果再狭窄组血清AnxA1、MMP-3水平及钙化病变比例、浅表型钙化比例、钙化弧度、钙化长度、钙化特征评分分别为(2.40±0.61)μg/L、(56.49±12.31)μg/L、66.67%、70.83%、(162.18±28.43)°、(25.91±4.56)mm、(5.02±1.28)分,高于非狭窄组[(1.78±0.40)μg/L、(42.78±10.07)μg/L、22.64%、29.72%、(78.41±20.39)°、(13.72±3.68)mm、(3.47±1.02)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AnxA1、MMP-3、钙化特征评分是NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。AnxA1、MMP-3、钙化特征评分及3者联合预测NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的AUC分别为0.825、0.780、0.854、0.960。结论AnxA1、MMP-3、钙化特征评分是NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后冠状动脉再狭窄的独立危险因素,3者联合较单一指标对冠状动脉再狭窄的预测价值更高。

药物涂层球囊在老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中的应用价值

目的探讨在老年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者的犯罪血管中应用药物涂层球囊(DCB)的疗效及安全性。方法纳入2017年2月至2021年6月于厦门大学附属第一医院心血管内科行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性NSTEMI老年患者,随机分为药物涂层球囊组(DCB组,n=60)和药物洗脱支架组(DES组,n=62)。比较两组患者的基本临床资料、冠状动脉病变情况、造影剂用量;比较PCI术中、术后12个月随访犯罪血管的管腔变化情况;比较两组随访一年内的主要不良心脏事件(MACE)以及所有的出血情况。结果两组在PCI术中使用的造影剂剂量没有统计学差异(P=0.157),术前两组靶病变的参考管腔直径(RVD)及最小管腔直径(MLD)均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。DCB组PCI术后即刻(MLD)[(2.76±0.78)mm vs.(3.18±1.01)mm,P=0.012]及即刻管腔获得(ALG)[(1.90±0.32)mm vs.(2.03±0.26)mm,P=0.015]均比DES组小,二者差异有统计学意义。但DCB组的晚期管腔丢失(LLL)小于DES组[(0.76±1.26)mm vs.(1.31±1.73)mm,t=2.111,P=0.037],二者有统计学差异。两组术后随访12个月内总体MACE事件无统计学差异(P>0.05),DCB组的出血事件显著低于DES组(5.00%vs.17.74%,χ^(2)=4.873,P=0.027),但两组均未发现致命性出血。结论DCB处理老年NSTEMI的靶血管病变,为患者带来良好的安全性及获益,是高危出血风险及脏器功能衰退的老年NSTEMI患者的另一种安全有效的选择。

急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平及对预后的预测价值研究

目的探讨并分析急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血清纤维蛋白原/白蛋白值(FAR)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GGT),N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平对预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的实施PCI的急性NSTEMI患者93例,根据术后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况将其分为MACE组(n=21)及无MACE组(n=72)。比较术前、术后30 d MACE组及无MACE组血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析对影响急性NSTEMI患者术后30 d MACE发生的危险因素进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平对急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的预测价值。结果MACE组年龄为(65.37±3.46)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级11例;病变支数双支5例,3支16例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.87±0.55)%、(53.27±3.06)U/L、(914.35±84.35)ng/mL。无MACE组的年龄为(58.71±2.86)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级27例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例;病变支数为双支53例,3支19例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.12±0.51)%、(44.33±3.35)U/L、(656.82±75.63)ng/mL。MACE组和无MACE组的年龄、Killip分级、病变支数及术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组性别、吸烟史、高血压史、高血脂史、糖尿病史及术前1 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP升高均为影响急性期NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.074、2.686、3.340,P均<0.05)。ROC结果显示血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP及其联合检测预测急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.681、0.690、0.733和0.790,联合检测的AUC更高(P<0.05)。结论血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平升高增加了急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后MACE的发生风险,三者联合检测对患者术后不良预后有一定预测价值。

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的应用效果

目的:分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)的应用效果。方法:回顾性选取2021年8月至2023年6月商丘市第一人民医院收治的老年急性NSTEMI患者88例,根据治疗方法的不同将予以保守治疗的40例患者作为对照组,将在对照组基础上应用经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的48例患者作为观察组。比较两组患者临床疗效、心功能指标、心力衰竭指标、肝肾功能指标、心血管不良事件发生情况。结果:观察组患者临床总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)以及血清B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平低于对照组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、血肌酐(Scr)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者心血管不良事件总发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年急性NSTEMI患者,可增强临床效果,改善心功能,降低BNP水平,减少心血管不良事件发生。

NSTEMI患者PCI术后再入院风险预测模型的建立及验证

目的:探讨急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者行直接PCI术后再入院的影响因素,并建立预测模型。方法:选取166例NSTEMI患者为研究对象,依据患者PCI术后1年内是否因心梗及心肌梗死并发症再入院分为再入院组(n=110)和未再入院组(n=56)。分析NSTEMI患者行直接PCI术后再入院的独立影响因素,并构建其风险预测模型列线图,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线来评估模型区分度,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow对模型进行拟合优度检验,绘制校准曲线评估模型准确度。结果:心率、有无肺炎病史、病变血管数、甘油三酯、B型利钠肽为NSTEMI患者经直接PCI术后再入院的独立预测因素(P<0.05)。构建预测模型列线图,ROC曲线显示,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.773,敏感度为70.9%,特异度为76.8%,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.329,P=0.351)。通过模型校准曲线提示列线图模型的实际曲线接近理想曲线。结论:心率、有无肺炎病史、病变血管数、甘油三酯、B型利钠肽为NSTEMI患者直接PCI术后再入院的独立预测因素,以此建立的预测模型列线图可直观、快捷的对该类患者再入院的风险进行评估。

非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管闭塞状态与血栓类型的关系

目的运用光学相干断层成像(OCT)探讨非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者的梗死相关血管(IRA)闭塞状态与血栓类型的关系。方法回顾性研究2021年10月至2023年8月于河南省人民医院行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗且术中使用OCT检查的NSTEMI患者170例,其中IRA完全闭塞组83例,IRA非完全闭塞组87例,结合患者基线特征、造影结果及OCT结果进行比较分析。结果与IRA非完全闭塞组相比,IRA完全闭塞组的患者更年轻(P=0.013),男性比例更高(P=0.026),而患高血压病(P=0.010)和糖尿病(P=0.033)的比例较低。冠状动脉造影结果表明,IRA完全闭塞组IRA多见于左回旋支,而IRA非完全闭塞组多见于左前降支(P=0.012);IRA完全闭塞组侧支循环分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的比例高于IRA非完全闭塞组(P=0.022)。OCT结果显示,IRA完全闭塞组多数情况下由斑块破裂事件引起(P=0.014),主要以红色/混合血栓为主(P<0.001);而IRA非完全闭塞组则更常见于斑块侵蚀事件(P=0.014),以白色血栓为主(P<0.001)。结论NSTEMI患者IRA完全闭塞常发于左回旋支,且患者更年轻,血栓类型以红色/混合血栓为主,而IRA非完全闭塞病变以白色血栓为主。

中国人群非ST 段抬高型心肌梗死诊断中两种高敏心肌肌钙蛋白0/3小时流程的比较

目的:比较2015年欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)管理指南(2015年ESC指南)和2021年《心肌肌钙蛋白实验室检测与临床应用中国专家共识》(2021年中国共识)推荐的高敏心肌肌钙蛋白(hs-cTn)0/3 h流程,在疑似急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者中对非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)的诊断效能及其对主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法:本研究为一项多中心前瞻性观察性研究,共纳入2017年1月至2020年9月三个临床中心共1527例疑似ACS患者。患者均在就诊时(0 h)及3 h行ARCHITECT血浆高敏心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(hs-cTnI)水平检测(检验判定)。以临床判定(心脏科专家独立于检测结果进行临床判定)作为金标准,比较两种诊断流程的灵敏度、特异度及一致率,并分析其对30 d及180 d MACE的预测价值。MACE为心血管死亡、心肌梗死及计划外冠状动脉血运重建的复合终点。结果:根据临床判定,NSTEMI患者400例,非NSTEMI患者1127例。2021年中国共识推荐的0/3 h流程在诊断NSTEMI的灵敏度上高于2015年ESC指南[91.50%(95%CI:88.32%~94.04%)vs.87.75%(95%CI:84.13%~90.80%)],而在特异度上略低[93.88%(95%CI:92.32%~95.21%)vs.95.56%(95%CI:94.19%~96.69%)],两种差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。在30 d和180 d的随访中,两种流程中诊断为NSTEMI的患者MACE发生率均高于排除NSTEMI的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2015 ESC年指南推荐流程排除的NSTEMI患者在30 d和180 d的MACE发生率分别为0.19%和1.12%,诊断的NSTEMI患者分别为2.89%和3.68%;而2021年中国共识推荐流程排除的NSTEMI患者在30 d和180 d的MACE发生率分别为0.096%和0.770%,诊断的NSTEMI患者分别为2.91%和4.36%。Cox分析显示,两种流程诊断的NSTEMI组在180 d时MACE的HR分别为3.418(95%CI:1.581~7.390,P=0.002)和5.892(95%CI:2.562~13.551,P<0.001),均显著高于排除NSTEMI组。结论:2021年中国共识推荐的0/3 h流程在诊断灵敏度上优于2015年ESC指南推荐流程,尽管前者在特异度上略低。两种流程均能有效预测180 d内MACE,但基于本研究数据,中国共识推荐流程可能在预测MACE风险方面更为敏感,经该方法排除NSTEMI诊断的患者具更低的MACE事件,提示其在临床实践中的应用可能更有助于患者的长期安全管理。

血清sOSCAR对急性非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心血管不良事件的预测价值

目的探讨血清可溶性破骨细胞相关受体(sOSCAR)对急性非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心血管不良事件的预测价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月潍坊市人民医院收治的接受PCI术的124例NSTEMI患者为NSTEMI组,根据术后是否发生主要不良心血管事件分为预后不良组(n=31)和预后良好组(n=93),另选取同期100体检健康的志愿者为对照组。构建多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析sOSCAR水平对NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,NSTEMI组血清血管生成素-2(Ang-2)水平升高,sOSCAR水平降低(P<0.05)。随访1年,124例NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后不良发生率为25.00%(31/124)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄增加和Ang-2升高为NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05),左心室射血分数升高和sOSCAR升高为独立保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清Ang-2、sOSCAR水平联合预测NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后的曲线下面积为0.865,大于血清Ang-2、sOSCAR水平单独预测的0.791、0.786(P<0.05)。结论NSTEMI患者血清sOSCAR水平与患者PCI术后预后不良密切相关,血清sOSCAR联合Ang-2对NSTEMI患者PCI术后预后不良有较高的预测价值。