Comparison among Chargers of Electric Vehicle Based on Different Control Strategies

The charger of electric vehicle is a power electronic device which consists of rectifying devices and DC-DC converters. This nonlinear diode rectifier circuit has low power factor and high harmonic content. In order to improve power factor and reduce the harmonic distortion rate of the AC side current, single-phase non-controlled rectifier charger needs to install the active power factor correction device. A piece of power system analysis software which is called PSCAD is used in modeling of an EV charger which contains Boost-APFC. By means of simulation and analysis, differences of APFC characteristics between the hysteresis current control mode and average current control mode which has an influence on the power grid are compared. The consequence of simulation shows that the two control strategies achieve power factor correction and harmonic reduction requirements;Boost type power conversion circuit employs the average current control mode is better, which has following features: relatively faster settling time of the output voltage, relatively smaller overshoot, lower current harmonic distortion rate on AC side, lower switching frequency and better control effect.

Analysis of the Impact of Different PEV Battery Chargers during Faults

With a high penetration of Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in the electric grid, utilities will have to face the challenges related to them. Considerable research is being done to study and mitigate the impact of PEVs on the electric grid and devise methodologies to utilize them for energy storage and distributed generation. In this paper, the impact of PEVs in a smart car park, placed in an unbalanced distribution system, during a Single Line to Ground fault with auto-recloser operation is studied. Level-2, bidirectional battery chargers with Current Controlled and Voltage Controlled Voltage Source Converters are modeled for the battery charging systems of the PEVs. A smart car park, with 16 vehicles connected to each of the three phases is simulated at one of the buses in the IEEE 13 Bus Test Feeder. The impacts observed during the fault are analyzed and a method to mitigate them is suggested.

Traceability Technology of DC Electric Energy Metering for On-Site Inspection of Chargers

The on-site inspection of high-power DC chargers results in new DC high-current measurement and DC energy traceability system requirements.This paper studies the traceability technology of electric energy value for automotive high-power DC chargers,including:(1)the traceability method of the built-in DC energy meter and shunt of the charger;(2)precision DC high current and small precision DC voltage output and measurement technology.This paper designs a 0.1 mA∼600 A DC high current measurement system and proposes a 0.005 level DC powermeasurement traceability system.The uncertainty evaluation experiment of theDC powermeasurement calibration system and the high-power DC charger’s on-site calibration experiment results verify the method’s effectiveness and feasibility in this paper.The experimental results show that the combined standard uncertainty of the DC power metering verification system can be 0.0451%.

Pulse Quick Charger of Electric Vehicle

In order to improve the charging efficiency of lead acid battery, shorten the charging time and avoid the battery polarization, a new charging method was put forward. Based on the analyzed results of charging characteristic of lead acid battery, a pulse quick charger is designed to adjust the charging current pulse’s amplitude and pulse width automatically stage by stage according to the measured battery voltage and feedback current. Compared with other kinds of quick chargers, it has such characteristics as shorter charging time, higher charging efficiency and lower temperature increasing during the charging process. As a result, the battery polarization is reduced efficiently.

Chip Design of Li-Ion Battery Charger Operating in Constant-Current/Constant-Voltage Modes

A design for a Li-ion battery charger IC that can operate in a constant current-constant voltage （CC- CV） charge mode is proposed. In the CC-CV charge mode,the charger IC provides a constant charging current at the beginning, and then the charging current begins to decrease before the battery voltage reaches its final value. After the battery voltage reaches its final value and remains constant,the charging current is further reduced. This approach prevents charging the battery with full current near its saturated voltage,which can cause heating. The novel design of the core of the charger IC realizes the proposed CC-CV charge mode. The chip was implemented in a CSMC 0.6μm CMOS mixed signal process. The experimental results verify the realization of the proposed CC- CV charge mode. The voltage of the battery after charging is 4. 1833V.

Research on the Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Quick Charger

In order to design a new type of quick charger for NiMH battery, the new method of pulse charge discharge was adopted after studying the charge process and analyzing the NiMH battery charge characteristics. The charge and discharge experiments were carried out to check feasibility and superiority of the new method. The results indicated that with the discharge pulse added the charger can charge quickly, the battery voltage and temperature can be properly controlled to prevent the battery being destroyed, and the capacity of the NiMH battery is greater than that of the battery without the discharge pulse added.

Design of a novel 50kW fast charger for electric vehicles

A novel 50 kW fast charger was proposed for electric vehicles. The proposed fast charger is divided into two main sections an AC-DC converter performing a PFC function and a DC-DC converter performing a charging function. A transformer including leakage inductances was used in the AC-DC converter in order to obtain isolation and inductance. A series-connection topology was used in the DC-DC converter between the DC-bus and outlet. This topology enables high power conversion efficiency up to 95% for the DC-DC converter. In order to reduce the impact of the 50 kW charging on the AC grid, the proposed fast charger system includes a buffering battery unit between the two main power conversion units. This leads to reductions in the power installation costs of power companies and to improvements in the power quality were verified through simulations and experimental results. on the AC grid. The performances of the proposed fast charger system

Performance Evaluation of a Permanent Magnet Electric-Drive- Reconfigured Onboard Charger with Active Power Factor Correction

This paper presents a comprehensive charging operation for an electric-drive-reconfigured onboard charger(EDROC)with active power factor correction(APFC).The charging topology exclusively utilizes the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)propulsion system as a three-channel boost-type converter in which only a contactor and a small diode bridge are added.First,the operation scenario of the EDROC is introduced.Second,the relationship between electromagnetic torque and rotor position is investigated.Third,the current ripple cancellation of the EDROC is discussed in detail.Moreover,to implement the single-phase APFC along with charging voltage/current regulation of propulsion battery,control strategies including current balancing and synchronous/interleaving PWM strategies are incorporated.Finally,200W proof-of-concept prototype-based tests are conducted under different operation scenarios.

Impact Analysis of Off-board Charger to Power Quality

In this paper, we tested the entire charging process of a single off-board charger in one charging station in Beijing. Among the testing data, we chose the typical power quality parameters and compared them with national standard. Then we drew conclusions as follows: 1) Electric vehicle battery is the capacitive load. It can export reactive power when charging. 2) In the charging process of the off-board charger, indicators of voltage deviation, frequency deviation, power factor, and voltage distortion rate are qualified. 3) Off-board charger produces odd harmonics in the charging process, and with increasing harmonic order, harmonic content reduces. There is a certain amount of high-order harmonic in off-board charger, mainly distributing around 6650 kHz. 4) Generated harmonics of the actual device, the harmonic is mainly reflected in the current, voltage, only a small distortion.

Power Efficient Battery Charger by Using Constant Current/Constant Voltage Controller

The Battery Charger Specification presents solution for rechargeable batteries used in portable electronic equipment such as laptop computer systems, cellular telephones and video cameras and the demands for low cost battery chargers are rising these days without give attention for the performance. The goal of the paper was combining high efficiency and versatility with low-cost design and this paper includes the design of the snubber cell, and the components of the current/voltage control charge method. This charger applies a relatively constant current and constant voltage to the battery indefinitely regardless of the AC input rang voltage all the equations described in this paper. The design of prototype converter is verified through an experimental result.

Automatic Stamping Charger---Stamping of Blended Coal-Theorical Study and Practice Analysis at TKCSA

The coke plant of a steel plant corresponds to the area that transforms a blend of coal into coke for using in blast furnace and steam to power plant. The coking plant of ThyssenKrupp CSA uses the heat recovery technology with stamping charger for stamping and preparation a blend of coals for charging and coking. Stamping technology adds several benefits to the process, such as increased density, homogeneity and alignment of the coal cake charged into the oven, as well as provides better control of the coking process, improves parameters of coke quality and allows coal blending with lower coking power, thereby reducing the production cost of coke and power generation. Through the automation of stamping charger, it is possible to evaluate and calculate the stamped coal density charged and the productivity gains this system provides.

硬汉再出击——2006款道奇Charger

作为美国第四大汽车品牌,道奇公司在克莱斯勒集团的地位可谓举足轻重。目前包括克莱斯勒在内的美国三大汽车公司业绩欠佳,市场份额不断被日韩车系所蚕食。今后道奇将不得不和克莱斯勒、吉普等品牌一起,挑起重振克莱斯勒集团雄风的重任。

首台西门子Charger机车亮相

2016年3月25日,美国联邦铁路主管Sarah Feinberg女士在访问西门子公司萨克拉门托工厂期间,为首台西门子美国Charger客运机车揭幕。Charger机车为4轴交流牵引机车,是首台装有满足美国环保局Tier4排放标准的Cummins公司3.28MW QSK 95柴油机的机车。

电动汽车用多相电驱重构型车载充电系统关键技术综述

电驱重构型车载充电系统为电动汽车电气部分提供了一种全新轻量化设计思路,旨在利用电驱单元分时执行电驱与充电2种变流功能。相较于三相电驱系统,多相电驱系统具有输出转矩平滑、容错性能强等诸多优势特性。鉴于此,该文首先归纳现有并网式多相电驱重构型车载充电系统的拓扑结构与控制策略,并介绍其容错运行方案;然后,着重分析太阳能电动汽车用多能量端口电驱重构型车载充电系统的工作原理与控制策略;最后,总结全文并对多相电驱重构型车载充电系统的发展方向进行展望。

克莱斯勒展出4门轿车道奇Charger

戴姆勒·克莱斯勒的克莱斯勒公司日前在底特律车展2005(North American International Auto Show，2005年1月15～22日面向公众开放)上，展出了新款轿车“道奇Charger(Dodge Charger)”。该车以“克莱斯勒300C”为原型，配备排量5．7L的Ⅴ型8缸发动机。

Super Charger原理及其应用分析

第三代移动通信(3G)WCDMA标准中给出了SuperCharger的概念和具体实现方法。SuperCharger概念的提出将改变目前网络中VLR临时存储数据的理念,强调用户数据的长时间保留以减少频繁增加和删除数据所带来的开销。本文将对其进行详细介绍,并通过实例分析来深入剖析优劣势和应用前景。

基于GaN器件与磁集成技术的车载充电机实验平台研究

随着新能源汽车的普及,对车载充电机的要求越来越高。为了有效提升整机效率和功率密度,将GaN器件与磁集成技术应用于车载充电机,进行了实验平台研究。基于GaN器件设计了两级式车载充电机拓扑结构与外围电路,通过制作磁集成平面变压器,优化了CLLC变换器,完成了整机控制程序设计及2kW车载充电机实验样机搭建,并对样机进行了实验测试与波形分析。实验结果表明,实验样机具有良好的稳态特性与动态特性,整机功率因数在0.98以上,满载峰值效率达到95.22%。该平台能够帮助学生加深对电力电子技术的认识,掌握新型电力电子器件的特性及应用,锻炼实践操作能力,提高相关课程的教学质量。

基于电流检测电流注入的车载充电机EMI混合滤波器设计方法

针对目前车载充电机传统无源滤波器低频性能差的问题,在传统车载充电机无源滤波器的基础上加入有源反馈回路,提出了一种基于电流检测电流注入(CSCI)的车载充电机电磁干扰(EMI)混合滤波器设计方法,并给出了车载充电机混合滤波器结构及分析和反馈回路设计过程。实验结果表明,提出的新型EMI滤波器方案与已有车载充电机无源滤波器方案相比,传导测试和辐射测试结果都有大幅度的提升。

新能源汽车设备无触点自动充电器设计与制作

随着时代的不断进步,充电式设备的高速发展,促使电池不断地进行开发与研究,并且使充电池的产量大增,尤其是汽车或家电产品领域;然而,这也使得充电电池在性能方面有了更高的要求,包括提高充电效率、降低成本、减轻重量,并确保其使用的安全性和实用性。从环保的角度进行电路的设计,是当下产品设计的重要考虑因素。本设计主要介绍一种新能源汽车设备辅助电瓶充电电路,以提高电瓶实用性,并以此达到环保的目的。

基于多绕组变压器与倍压整流器级联的电池均衡充电器研究

储能电池由数量庞大的低压电池单元构成,由于单元特性差异导致各电池单元的荷电状态存在差异,使得部分单元在充电过程中出现过充现象。基于此,提出1种基于多绕组变压器+倍压整流器的电池均衡充电器,并与集中无源均衡充电器的特性进行了比较。对所提均衡充电器的工作原理进行分析,得到其等效电路,并对其缓冲电感与变压器的匝比设计进行了优化。同时,提出单电压环的控制策略,实现了恒流、恒压两阶段充电,并分析了单元间电压差异大小对变压器工作的影响。仿真结果表明,所提充电器可有效实现电池单元的充电与均衡功能的统一。