Surface and Content Validity of the Mentoring Function Scale for Novice Nurses

This study aimed to examine the surface and content validity of the Mentoring Function Scale for Novice Nurses, used to assess the mentoring of entry-level nurses, and to refine the scale items. In Study 1, six nurse education researchers, selected using convenience sampling, with five or more years of nursing experience and experience teaching novice nurses, were invited to an expert meeting in July 2015. A group interview was conducted that lasted approximately 120 minutes. Study 2 examined the content validity index. Between September and November 2015, we distributed a self-administered questionnaire survey to 11 participants selected by convenience sampling. The participants included five nurse education researchers with a minimum of five years of nursing experience and experience teaching novice nurses, as well as six clinical nurses with a master’s degree or higher. Finally, 81 questionnaire items were retained from the initial 125 items. The 81-item Mentoring Function Scale for Novice Nurses had higher content validity than the original scale. To further increase the scale’s applicability, future studies should assess its reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.

A Study of the Relationship between Emotion Regulation and Job Burnout among Junior High School Novice English Teachers

This study aimed to examine the relationship between junior high school novice English teachers’emotion regulation and job burnout.To achieve this purpose,a survey consisting of various scales was administered to 133 primary school teachers selected from Yunnan Province in China.Statistical analyses revealed gender differences in job burnout and emotion regulation among these teachers and highlighted the association between these two variables.The findings established that male novice English teachers in junior schools generally experience lower levels of job burnout and possess better emotion regulation skills compared to their female counterparts.Additionally,a strong negative correlation was identified between job burnout and emotional regulation skills,indicating that the stronger the emotional regulation skills,the less likely novice English teachers are to experience job burnout.The study further emphasized caution in the use of cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy,as it may have an adverse effect on mitigating job burnout.This study concluded with recommendations for providing junior high school novice English teachers with opportunities to develop and enhance their emotion regulation skills to reduce job burnout effectively.

Development and Evaluation of The Implementation of a Preceptorship Program for The Novice ICU Nurse Intensive Care Unit -A Secondary Publication

This study focused on the development and evaluation of the implementation of a preceptorship program adapted to ICU practice in the Ab.-T.region to provide preceptors with tools to support novice nurses.This action research was made possible with the involvement of the centers,preceptors,and novice nurses throughout the development and implementation of the program.This approach enabled participants to take ownership of the training content and fully utilize various tools.The program was implemented throughout the CISSS,where this study was subsequently carried out.Several novices mentioned that the program reinforced their sense of security and made them feel more equipped to handle complex care situations.The preceptors said they were better equipped to offer clinical support and novices were better prepared to work in the ICU.It is important to evaluate the development of the novice nurses’skills following their participation in this program and the long-term impact of this preceptorship.

NewBee: Context-Free Grammar (CFG) of a New Programming Language for Novice Programmers

Learning programming and using programming languages are the essential aspects of computer science education.Students use programming languages to write their programs.These computer programs(students or practitioners written)make computers artificially intelligent and perform the tasks needed by the users.Without these programs,the computer may be visioned as a pointless machine.As the premise of writing programs is situated with specific programming languages,enormous efforts have been made to develop and create programming languages.However,each program-ming language is domain-specific and has its nuances,syntax and seman-tics,with specific pros and cons.These language-specific details,including syntax and semantics,are significant hurdles for novice programmers.Also,the instructors of introductory programming courses find these language specificities as the biggest hurdle in students learning,where more focus is on syntax than logic development and actual implementation of the program.Considering the conceptual difficulty of programming languages and novice students’struggles with the language syntax,this paper describes the design and development of a Context-Free Grammar(CFG)of a programming language for the novice,newcomers and students who do not have computer science as their major.Due to its syntax proximity to daily conversations,this paper hypothesizes that this language will be easy to use and understand by novice programmers.This paper systematically designed the language by identifying themes from various existing programming languages(e.g.,C,Python).Additionally,this paper surveyed computer science experts from industry and academia,where experts self-reported their satisfaction with the newly designed language.The results indicate that 93%of the experts reported satisfaction with the NewBee for novice,newcomer and non-Computer Sci-ence(CS)major students.

Sensitivity and inter-observer variability for capsule endoscopy image analysis in a cohort of novice readers

AIM： To determine the performance of novice readers （4^th year medical students） for detecting capsule endoscopy findings. METHODS： Ten capsule endoscopy cases of small bowel lesions were administered to the readers. Gold standard findings were pre-defined by gastroenterologists. Ten gold standard ＂targets＂ were identified among the 10 cases. Readers were given a 30-min overview of Rapid Reader software and instructed to mark any potential areas of abnormalities. A software program was developed using SAS to analyze the thumbnailed findings. RESULTS： The overall sensitivity for detecting the gold standard findings was 80%. As a group, at least 5 out of 10 readers detected each gold standard finding per recording. All the gold standard targets were identified when the readers＇ results were combined. Incidental finding/false positive rate ranged between 8.2-59.8 per reader. CONCLUSION： A panel of medical students with minimal endoscopic experience can achieve high sensitivity in detecting lesions on capsule endoscopy. A group of novice readers can pre-screen recordings to thumbnail potential areas of small bowel lesions for further review. These thumbnails must be reviewed to determine the clinical relevance. Further studies are ongoing to assess other cohorts.

A Comparative Study of Teacher Autonomy Between Novice Teachers and Proficient Teachers in the Context of University English Teaching Reform in China

Teacher autonomy has become a popular focus in the field of teacher education at present. The development of learner autonomy depends largely on teacher autonomy. Teacher autonomy is also one of the most effective ways to support teachers in their classroom practice, as well as to improve and expand their professional preparation and practices. Apart from that, the research of teacher autonomy at different phases of teachers＇ professional development may provide insight into how to strengthen their autonomy capability and to better understand the differences in teachers＇ development at different stages. The current study aims to explore the different level of how university novice and proficient English teachers see themselves as autonomous practitioners on the five dimensions of teacher autonomy： teaching autonomy, assessment autonomy, school management autonomy, professional development autonomy, and curriculum development autonomy. In addition, it proposes coping strategies to facilitate the development of teacher autonomy, which may shed some light on cultivating teacher autonomy for teachers at different developing stages, development of expertise, and teacher education.

Comparison of five video-assisted intubation devices by novice and expert laryngoscopists for use in the aeromedical evacuation environment

Background: The critically ill or injured patient undergoing military medical evacuation may require emergent intubation. Intubation may be life-saving, but it carries risks.The novice or infrequent laryngoscopist has a distinct disadvantage because experience is critical for the rapid and safe establishment of a secured airway. This challenge is compounded by the austere environment of the back of an aircraft under blackout conditions. This study determined which of five different video-assisted intubation devices(VAIDs) was best suited for in-flight use by U.S. Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams by comparing time to successful intubation between novice and expert laryngoscopists under three conditions, Normal Airway Lights on(NAL), Difficult Airway Lights on(DAL) and Difficult Airway Blackout(DAB), using manikins on a standard military transport stanchion and the floor with a minimal amount of setup time and extraneous light emission.Methods: A convenience sample size of 40 participants(24 novices and 16 experts) attempted intubation with each of the 5 different video laryngoscopic devices on high-fidelity airway manikins. Time to tracheal intubation and number of optimization maneuvers used were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis testing determined significant differences between the VAIDs in time to intubation for each particular scenario. Devices with significant differences underwent pair-wise comparison testing using rank-sum analysis to further clarify the difference. Device assembly times, startup times and the amount of light emitted were recorded. Perceived ease of use was surveyed. Results: Novices were fastest with the Pentax AWS in all difficult airway scenarios. Experts recorded the shortest median times consistently using 3 of the 5 devices. The AWS was superior overall in 4 of the 6 scenarios tested. Experts and novices subjectively judged the Glide Scope Ranger as easiest to use. The light emitted by all the devices was less than the USAF-issued headlamp.Conclusion: Novices intubated fastest with the Pentax AWS in all difficult airway scenarios. The Glide Scope required the shortest setup time, and participants judged this device as the easiest to use. The Glide Scope and AWS exhibited the two fastest total setup times. Both devices are suitable for in-flight use by infrequent and seasoned laryngoscopists. Trial registration: not applicable.

Effects of Training to Improve Novice Nurses’ Sense of Coherence

Background: Our previous research concerned the relation between Sense of Coherence, workplace stress, and burnout for nurses in their first three years of work. We found that their psychological state in the first three months on the job was particularly critical to their success and retention. As workplace stress increased over their first three years, their Sense of Coherence declined, and their burnout increased. Follow-up interviews after five years revealed the importance of identifying role models early on and feeling their own growth in the responses of their patients. Based on these findings, in 2015 we instituted a program to improve new nurses’ Sense of Coherence. The present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of this training program. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program in raising Sense of Coherence. Method: From June of 2015 to March of 2017, we surveyed Sense of Coherence of 137 new nurses who completed our training program, comparing them to a cohort of 960 nurses whom we had studied in 2010-11 without such a training program. We analyzed their responses using SPSS Version 24.0, taking a probability of less than 5% to be significant. Results: In terms of Sense of Coherence, the training program improved new nurses’ “comprehensibility” and “manageability” in the first three months, but both dropped to levels comparable to the untrained nurses after six months. There was no significant difference in “meaningfulness”, which dropped over the first year in both groups. Categorized into three groups according to SOC score at the time of employment in the intervention group, 36 participants were classified into the low score group, 41 participants were classified into the medium score group, and 44 participants were classified into the high score group. Then changes in SOC in each group were then compared. In the LOW group, the scores for “comprehensibility”, “manageability”, and “meaningfulness” increased significantly throughout the year, while in the HIGH group, scores decreased significantly. Conclusions: Our training program did raise new nurses’ sense of growth over the first year, and significantly improved their “comprehensibility” and “manageability” over the first three months. However, the fact that their Sense of Coherence dropped to control group levels after six months suggests the need for further intervention to maintain “comprehensibility” and “manageability” over the longer term. In the LOW group, the scores for “comprehensibility”, “manageability”, and “meaningfulness” increased significantly throughout the year, however, the total SOC score for the LOW group remained low throughout the year. Thus, additional support is needed over-and-above the training presented in this study for those nurses with low SOC scores at time of employment.

A Study on the Task Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Carved Lacquer Craft Inheritors in Novice Stage

The carved lacquer craft,a gem of traditional Chinese crafts,boasts a history of over 2,000 years and features craftsmanship of a superior order.This study attempts to investigate the typical tasks and learning result evaluation of carved lacquer apprentices at the novice stage by the method of qualitative research with 11 carved lacquer craft inheritors of a studio of a carved lacquer master.It is discovered that the design of carved lacquer draft sketches,the design of carved lacquer patterns,and the making and use of carved lacquer tools are typical tasks of novice apprentices,while the modeling and aesthetics of works,carving skills,and the level of interaction with the carved lacquer community are important criteria for evaluating the development of the skills of novice apprentices.

Does Time Studying of Spanish Make Learners More Cognizant of Their Learning Styles？ Evidence From Novice and Senior L2 Spanish Learners

This study explored the perceptual learning style preferences in L2 （second language） Spanish. A group of first-semester and fifth-semester university students participated. The aim was to verify whether time studying of Spanish would strengthen learning preferences making senior students more cognizant of their preferred styles. Senior students were, therefore, more expected to self-report major （i.e., strong） style preferences than novice students. The participants completed a style questionnaire and named preferred in-class language activities. Results showed that the novice rather than the senior students, self-reported strong style preferences. The senior students consistently reported minor preferences and named activities that favored peer collaboration over perceptual styles. It is likely that after several semesters of learning Spanish, senior students were less certain as to whether language learning relies on strong style preferences. Instead, they probably learned to acknowledge the benefits of a flexible disposition, integrating several minor style preferences for a successful learning of Spanish.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Novice Teachers

Good teachers need to grasp the key points clearly and let students understand,good teachers also need to generally recognized and appreciated by students.A teacher with good ideas and good ethics can be called a good teacher.A good teacher is not equal to an expert teacher and when we talk about good teachers we should admit that novice teachers can also be good teachers,we need to find the bright spots in the novice teachers and protect these bright spots.This paper demonstrates that novice teachers can be good teachers by demonstrating their serious professional attitude,advanced teaching concept and strong learning motivation.In addition,by enumerating the weaknesses of novice teachers,such as lack of experience,lack of educational tact,and inadaptability at the beginning of employment and hopes to provide targeted guidance for the training activities of novice teachers in the school.

The Way of the Novice English Teachers＇ Professional Development in Secondary School

In the modern times, the professional development of teachers is a hot topic among the educational world. Facilitating the professional development of teachers is one of a most important way to improve the teachers＇ personalities. However, how to facilitate the professional development of the novice English teacher in the secondary school is still a big and headache problem in front of all education managers and all novice English teachers. For this reason, it has a huge practical significance to look for some ways to research the professional development of the novice English teachers in secondary school. The objective of this research is to promote the professional development of novice English teachers in secondary school through a wide range of ways. It also aims to promote the whole personalities of all English teachers and the whole English teaching qualities. This paper wiU research in how to promote and facilitate the professional development of the novice English teachers in secondary school from the parts of country, school and teachers. Specificly speaking, from the perspective of country, it contains the way of some short trains for novice teachers from superior educational department and some educational action research; From the perspective of the secondary school, it includes school-based in-service training, the exploitation of school-based curriculum and learning team; From the perspective of teacher themselves, it includes teaching reflection, observing other teachers＇ class and using micro-teaching to promote teachers＇ teaching skills.

A Revision Model in Writing for Novice Writers with a Focus on Audience and Feedback

Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models shows that they are proposed mainly for expert writers,who can complete the complex revision process individually,without the need of support or feedback.Most of the available revision models also do not include audience as a component.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative revision model for novice writers at or higher than highschool level with a focus on audience and feedback.First,the definition of revision is made,which is followed by summaries of the importance of audience and feedback in writing.Second,available revision models in literature that serves as the basis of the alternative model are reviewed.Finally,the alternative revision model is introduced with its components and the way these components work is explained.The revision model presented in this paper will contribute to literature on writing by filling the gap in revision models by proposing a model for novice writers and highlighting the importance of audience and feedback.

A Comparative Study of the Planning and Preparation Strategies of Novice,Proficient and Expert Teachers in Chinese Middle School

Teachers' lesson planning and preparation, which are the most important part of the job of teaching, are the beginning of teaching process. A class cannot be good or well performed without planning or preparation. Referring to the five stages model of Dreyfus(1986) and considering the teaching context of middle schools, the researcher uses qualitative and quantitative methods to get and analyze the data from 96 English teachers in three Chinese middle school. The findings show that in teaching content planning, novice and some proficient teachers cares more about the knowledge and the teaching itself, but the expert teachers pay more attention to the students' abilities and development as well as the knowledge; moreover, the novice teachers are more likely to focus on the teaching aims and choosing of teaching aid. This study also has significance in contributing to the teachers' expertise in planning.

A Case Study on Novice English Teachers’Teaching Reflection on Micro-teaching Class

Micro-teaching has been used as a teaching skill since 1960s and it has become an effective method used in teaching training program.This study applies the methods of questionnaires,classroom observations and interviews to carry out an investiga⁃tion on novice teachers’reflection on their micro-teaching.The study shows that micro-teaching can stimulate teachers’reflection on their teaching.

Mentoring in Novice Teacher Training Programme

1.INTRODUCTIONTeacher mentoring plays an important role in teacher education.The use of mentoring is strongly advocated for improving novice teachers’ performance in some countries,such as UK and the USA.In China,mentoring has been employed for in-service novice teachers’ development in a number of middle schools for the following reasons:1)In-service novice teachers are officially qualified but have insufficient teaching experience(only two-month teaching practice);2)Some new teachers do not have a strong theoretical base because of the unpractical university curriculum design(Chen,et al.2003);3)Mentoring,originated with the aim of helping novice teachers become qualified teachers,is supposed to help solve the problems mentioned above in the Chinese context.Therefore,it has been adopted,and it is required by some schools and educational bureaus that new teachers should have mentoring during their first or second year in practice.

Autonomy in English Language Teaching: A Case Study of Novice Secondary School Teachers in Hong Kong

Following years of pre-service teacher education,novice teachers are often enthusiastic about embarking on the journey in the teaching profession.However,they may not always possess the internal capacity and institutional support to take effective control of their teaching.This paper reports on a case study of the teaching lives of two novice secondary school ESL(English as a second language)teachers in Hong Kong,drawing on qualitative data gathered through individual face-toface interviews,and supplemented by email exchanges and telephone conversations,over a one-year period.The study investigates how novice English teachers develop their teacher autonomy,and what factors contribute to their development as autonomous English teachers.The paper concludes that novice English teachers in Hong Kong possess the capacity and are also ready for autonomy,and that an invitational,supportive and collaborative school environment plays a decisive role in affording ample opportunities for novices to develop their autonomy in language teaching.The study suggests that novice teachers should become critically aware of the affordances(opportunities,possibilities,invitations,enablements)in their working conditions,and should meanwhile exercise their teacher agency to act on these affordances to pursue their personal-professional development.

Autonomy in Foreign and Second Language Teaching:Case Studies of Novice English Teachers in Shenzhen and Hong Kong

Novice teachers are often eager to embark on their journey in the teaching profession after years of teacher education,ready to actualize their educational ideals. Some head towards a smooth start while others encounter a wide range of constraints during their initial years of teaching. Drawing on narrative interviews with a number of novice English teachers in Shenzhen and Hong Kong for at least one academic year and other data sources such as their EFL learning autobiographies and school documents,this paper examines and compares(1) the opportunities and constraints these teachers face in their initial years of teaching and(2)their responses to the perceived opportunities and constraints in their attempts to take control of their teaching,in two different socio-cultural and educational contexts of Shenzhen and Hong Kong. This paper highlights how possibilities for and constraints on teacher autonomy are mediated by teacher agency,teacher identity and teacher beliefs. It also sheds light on how novice teachers can be afforded more opportunities in their struggle to become autonomous practitioners.

Sustainable Learning of Computer Programming Languages Using Mind Mapping

In the current era of information technology,students need to learn modern programming languages efficiently.The art of teaching/learning program-ming requires many logical and conceptual skills.So it’s a challenging task for the instructors/learners to teach/learn these programming languages effectively and efficiently.Mind mapping is a useful visual tool for establishing ideas and connecting them to solve problems.This research proposed an effective way to teach programming languages through visual tools.This experimental study uses a mind mapping tool to teach two programming environments:Text-based Programming and Blocks-based Programming.We performed the experiments with one hundred and sixty undergraduate students of two public sector universities in the Asia Pacific region.Four different instructional approaches,including block-based language(BBL),text-based languages(TBL),mind map with text-based language(MMTBL)and mind mapping with block-based(MMBBL)are used for this purpose.The results show that instructional approaches using a mind mapping tool to help students solve given tasks in their critical thinking are more effective than other instructional techniques.

让书法艺术回归书写——汉语初学者书法教育的探索

中国书法通常被认为是亚洲文化的标志性代表,被广泛认为是具有数千年历史的传统艺术形式。然而,人们常常忽视的是,书法的核心是一种书写方法。在通过中国书法了解亚洲艺术、文化和文字历史的过程中,我们还可以向中国初学者介绍汉字的书写艺术。这种将中国传统书法作为书写汉字的手段与语言学习相结合的方式,为初学者提供了许多优势。它同时调动了他们的视觉、听觉、言语和触觉,避免了机械字符复制带来的单调乏味。此外,它还显着增强了他们对笔顺和汉字结构的理解,同时也减轻了与汉字习得相关的焦虑。