Excessive fertilization has led to nutrient use inefficiency and serious environmental consequences for radish cultivation in North China.The Nutrient Expert(NE)system is a science-based,site-specific fertilization de...Excessive fertilization has led to nutrient use inefficiency and serious environmental consequences for radish cultivation in North China.The Nutrient Expert(NE)system is a science-based,site-specific fertilization decision support system,but the updated NE system for radish has rarely been evaluated.This study aims to validate the feasibility of NE for radish fertilization management from agronomic,economic,and environmental perspectives.A total of 46 field experiments were conducted over four seasons from April 2018 to November 2019 across the major radish growing regions in North China.The results indicated that NE significantly reduced N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O application rates by 98,110,and 47 kg ha^(-1) relative to those in the farmers’practice(FP),respectively,and reduced N and P_(2)O_(5) inputs by 48 and 44 kg ha^(-1),respectively,while maintaining the same K_(2)O rate as soil testing(ST).Relative to FP and ST,NE significantly increased radish yield by 2.7 and 2.6 t ha^(-1)(4.2 and 4.0%)and net returns by 837 and 432 USD ha^(-1),respectively.On average,NE significantly improved the agronomic efficiency(AE)of N,P,and K(relative to FP and ST)by 42.4 and 31.0,67.4 kg kg^(-1) and 50.9,and 20.3 and 12.3 kg kg^(-1);enhanced the recovery efficiency(RE)of N,P,and K by 11.4 and 7.0,14.1 and 7.5,and 11.3 and 6.3 percentage points;and increased the partial factor productivity(PFP)of N,P,and K by 162.9 and 96.8,488.0 and 327.3,and 86.9 and 22.4 kg kg^(-1),respectively.Furthermore,NE substantially reduced N and P_(2)O_(5) surpluses by 105.1 and 115.1 kg ha^(-1),respectively,and decreased apparent N loss by 110.8 kg ha^(-1) compared to FP.These results indicated that the NE system is an effective and feasible approach for improving NUE and promoting cleaner radish production in North China.展开更多
为评价小麦养分专家系统(Nutrient Expert,NE)推荐施肥对冬小麦产量效应、养分利用率和农田环境效应的影响,对2010~2014年期间在河北省开展的83个小麦试验进行了分析。结果发现:小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥量较农民习惯施肥量氮、磷肥分...为评价小麦养分专家系统(Nutrient Expert,NE)推荐施肥对冬小麦产量效应、养分利用率和农田环境效应的影响,对2010~2014年期间在河北省开展的83个小麦试验进行了分析。结果发现:小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥量较农民习惯施肥量氮、磷肥分别降低了47.0%和10.4%,钾肥增加了102.0%;小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥较农户施肥增产在2.6%~13.0%之间,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为31.7%、10.9%和31.0%,氮肥偏生产力为47.9kg/kg,显著高于农民习惯施肥处理24.7 kg/kg;小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥的农田温室气体排放总量和排放强度分别为2 211 kg CO_2 eq/hm^2和332 kg CO_2 eq/t,显著低于农民习惯处理的3 720 kg CO_2 eq/hm^2和589 kg CO_2 eq/t。小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥提高了养分利用率、降低了农田温室气体排放,可以在河北省小麦主产区推广应用。展开更多
小规模农业生产易于出现不合理施肥导致的肥料利用率低等问题,严重影响到生态环境和农业可持续发展。研究建立适合我国小农户集约化农业生产特点且科学轻简的养分推荐方法尤为重要。中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所会同全国39...小规模农业生产易于出现不合理施肥导致的肥料利用率低等问题,严重影响到生态环境和农业可持续发展。研究建立适合我国小农户集约化农业生产特点且科学轻简的养分推荐方法尤为重要。中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所会同全国39个土壤肥料研究团队,研发了适合我国农业生态条件和种植体系的基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥方法。该方法在汇总分析全国各作物主产区开展的肥料田间试验的基础上,建立了包含作物产量反应、农学效率及养分吸收与利用等信息的数据库。采用QUEFTS(quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils)模型模拟作物养分吸收,同时对数据库中土壤基础养分供应、作物农学效率与产量反应进行相关分析,建立基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥模型。在此基础上,借助计算机技术和智能云计算,研发了“养分专家系统”(简称NE系统),用户只需提供种植地块的一些基本信息,如往年农民习惯措施下的作物产量、施肥历史、有机无机肥料投入以及秸秆还田情况,NE系统就能给出基于该地块的个性化施肥方案。NE系统在推荐施肥中除了考虑土壤基础地力外,还考虑了上季作物养分残效和秸秆还田带入的养分,以及作物轮作体系和有机肥施用情况等,提出的推荐施肥方案符合4R养分管理策略(最佳肥料品种、最佳用量、最佳施用时间和最佳施用位置),同时兼顾施肥的农学、经济和环境效应。多点田间验证试验证实,NE系统推荐施肥兼顾科学性和实用性,且易于掌握,是一种能够保障作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的科学推荐施肥方法。展开更多
Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making.Datasets from a ...Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making.Datasets from a total of 5408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield,the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield,defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application),and N,P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat.The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha^(−1),with a coefficient of variation(CV)of 24.9% across all sites.The yields in North-central China(NCC)and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR)were generally higher than 7 t ha^(−1),whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC),Northeast China(NEC),and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC)were usually less than 6 t ha^(−1).The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70,0.85,and 0.85 for N,P,and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3,74.7,and 95.9%,respectively.Variation existed in N,P,and K fertilizer requirements,with a CV of 24.8,23.9,and 29.9%,respectively,across all sites.More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions.The average fertilizer requirement was 162,72,and 57 kg ha^(−1) for N,P2O5,and K2O fertilizers,respectively,across all sites.The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2016FYD0200103)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution,China(1610132019047)。
文摘Excessive fertilization has led to nutrient use inefficiency and serious environmental consequences for radish cultivation in North China.The Nutrient Expert(NE)system is a science-based,site-specific fertilization decision support system,but the updated NE system for radish has rarely been evaluated.This study aims to validate the feasibility of NE for radish fertilization management from agronomic,economic,and environmental perspectives.A total of 46 field experiments were conducted over four seasons from April 2018 to November 2019 across the major radish growing regions in North China.The results indicated that NE significantly reduced N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O application rates by 98,110,and 47 kg ha^(-1) relative to those in the farmers’practice(FP),respectively,and reduced N and P_(2)O_(5) inputs by 48 and 44 kg ha^(-1),respectively,while maintaining the same K_(2)O rate as soil testing(ST).Relative to FP and ST,NE significantly increased radish yield by 2.7 and 2.6 t ha^(-1)(4.2 and 4.0%)and net returns by 837 and 432 USD ha^(-1),respectively.On average,NE significantly improved the agronomic efficiency(AE)of N,P,and K(relative to FP and ST)by 42.4 and 31.0,67.4 kg kg^(-1) and 50.9,and 20.3 and 12.3 kg kg^(-1);enhanced the recovery efficiency(RE)of N,P,and K by 11.4 and 7.0,14.1 and 7.5,and 11.3 and 6.3 percentage points;and increased the partial factor productivity(PFP)of N,P,and K by 162.9 and 96.8,488.0 and 327.3,and 86.9 and 22.4 kg kg^(-1),respectively.Furthermore,NE substantially reduced N and P_(2)O_(5) surpluses by 105.1 and 115.1 kg ha^(-1),respectively,and decreased apparent N loss by 110.8 kg ha^(-1) compared to FP.These results indicated that the NE system is an effective and feasible approach for improving NUE and promoting cleaner radish production in North China.
文摘为评价小麦养分专家系统(Nutrient Expert,NE)推荐施肥对冬小麦产量效应、养分利用率和农田环境效应的影响,对2010~2014年期间在河北省开展的83个小麦试验进行了分析。结果发现:小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥量较农民习惯施肥量氮、磷肥分别降低了47.0%和10.4%,钾肥增加了102.0%;小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥较农户施肥增产在2.6%~13.0%之间,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为31.7%、10.9%和31.0%,氮肥偏生产力为47.9kg/kg,显著高于农民习惯施肥处理24.7 kg/kg;小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥的农田温室气体排放总量和排放强度分别为2 211 kg CO_2 eq/hm^2和332 kg CO_2 eq/t,显著低于农民习惯处理的3 720 kg CO_2 eq/hm^2和589 kg CO_2 eq/t。小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥提高了养分利用率、降低了农田温室气体排放,可以在河北省小麦主产区推广应用。
文摘小规模农业生产易于出现不合理施肥导致的肥料利用率低等问题,严重影响到生态环境和农业可持续发展。研究建立适合我国小农户集约化农业生产特点且科学轻简的养分推荐方法尤为重要。中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所会同全国39个土壤肥料研究团队,研发了适合我国农业生态条件和种植体系的基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥方法。该方法在汇总分析全国各作物主产区开展的肥料田间试验的基础上,建立了包含作物产量反应、农学效率及养分吸收与利用等信息的数据库。采用QUEFTS(quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils)模型模拟作物养分吸收,同时对数据库中土壤基础养分供应、作物农学效率与产量反应进行相关分析,建立基于产量反应和农学效率的作物推荐施肥模型。在此基础上,借助计算机技术和智能云计算,研发了“养分专家系统”(简称NE系统),用户只需提供种植地块的一些基本信息,如往年农民习惯措施下的作物产量、施肥历史、有机无机肥料投入以及秸秆还田情况,NE系统就能给出基于该地块的个性化施肥方案。NE系统在推荐施肥中除了考虑土壤基础地力外,还考虑了上季作物养分残效和秸秆还田带入的养分,以及作物轮作体系和有机肥施用情况等,提出的推荐施肥方案符合4R养分管理策略(最佳肥料品种、最佳用量、最佳施用时间和最佳施用位置),同时兼顾施肥的农学、经济和环境效应。多点田间验证试验证实,NE系统推荐施肥兼顾科学性和实用性,且易于掌握,是一种能够保障作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的科学推荐施肥方法。
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0200101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801938).
文摘Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making.Datasets from a total of 5408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield,the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield,defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application),and N,P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat.The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha^(−1),with a coefficient of variation(CV)of 24.9% across all sites.The yields in North-central China(NCC)and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR)were generally higher than 7 t ha^(−1),whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC),Northeast China(NEC),and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC)were usually less than 6 t ha^(−1).The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70,0.85,and 0.85 for N,P,and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3,74.7,and 95.9%,respectively.Variation existed in N,P,and K fertilizer requirements,with a CV of 24.8,23.9,and 29.9%,respectively,across all sites.More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions.The average fertilizer requirement was 162,72,and 57 kg ha^(−1) for N,P2O5,and K2O fertilizers,respectively,across all sites.The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.
