Title: Integrating Consistent Individualized Carbohydrate-Controlled Anti- Inflammatory Nutritional Plan (C-ICAN) in the Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Case Report. Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genet...Title: Integrating Consistent Individualized Carbohydrate-Controlled Anti- Inflammatory Nutritional Plan (C-ICAN) in the Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Case Report. Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a loss of function of specific genes on chromosome 15. Patients with this disease present unique challenges in management, particularly regarding obesity and nutritional regulation as the disease symptoms change depending on the age of the patient and the phase of the disease. These challenges pose critical stressors to caregivers and their families. We present a case report of a 5-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with PWS, exhibiting failure to thrive and uncontrolled weight gain. His caregiver was his elderly grandmother who, by her own admission, was ill-equipped to deal with the patient’s physical symptoms and his behavior in response to dietary restrictions. Through a multidisciplinary approach involving medical nutrition therapy (MNT) involving the implementation of a Consistent Individualized Carbohydrate-Controlled Anti-Inflammatory Nutritional plan (C-ICAN), growth hormone supplementation, and behavioral interventions patient markedly improved physically and emotionally.展开更多
Objective:To avoid perioperative complications caused malnutrition,nutrition therapy is necessary in gastric outlet obstruction(GOO)patients.Compared to parenteral nutrition(PN),enteral nutrition(EN)is associated with...Objective:To avoid perioperative complications caused malnutrition,nutrition therapy is necessary in gastric outlet obstruction(GOO)patients.Compared to parenteral nutrition(PN),enteral nutrition(EN)is associated with many advantages.This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative EN has beneficial clinical effects compared to preoperative PN in gastric cancer patients with GOO undergoing surgery.Methods:According to the methods of preoperative nutrition therapy,143 patients were divided into EN group(n=42)and PN group(n=101)between January 2013 and December 2017 at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital.Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the methods of preoperative nutrition therapy and postoperative day of flatus passage.The generalized additive model and twopiecewise linear regression model were used to calculate the inflection point of the preoperative nutritional therapy time on the postoperative day of flatus passage in the PN group.Results:EN shortened the postoperative day of flatus passage in gastric cancer patients with GOO,which is a protective factor,especially in patients who underwent non-radical operations and the postoperative day of flatus passage reduced when the preoperative PN therapy was up to 3 d and a longer PN therapy(>3 d)did not accelerate the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal functions.Conclusions:Preoperative EN therapy would benefit gastric cancer patients with GOO by accelerating postoperative recovery.For patients with absolute obstruction,no more than 3-day PN therapy is recommended if patients can tolerate general anesthesia and surgery.展开更多
Objective To investigate the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A1 c (HbA1 c) and blood glucose levels of eight different points throughout the day in well-glycemic-controlled medical nutrition therapy (...Objective To investigate the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A1 c (HbA1 c) and blood glucose levels of eight different points throughout the day in well-glycemic-controlled medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone type 2 diabetic pafients. Methods Data were collected as" capillary blood glucose value of eight different sample points among sixteen observing days in thirty MNT alone type 2 diabetic patients. The correlation between HbAI c and capillary blood glucose value was evaluated by Pearson's correlation method. Results The r-values between HbA1c and capillary blood glucose of 3:00, 6:00, and bedtime (22:00-23:00) were 0. 81,0. 79, and 0. 78, respectively(P 〈0. 001 ). The best correlation was found between the mean value of 8- point blood glucose value throughout the day and HbA1c ( r=0. 84, P 〈0. 001 ). Conclustion Fasting blood glucose and postabsorptive blood glucose have better correlations with HbAlc compared with other points in this group of well-glycemic-controlled MNT alone type 2 diabetic patients.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate relationship between changes in the beneficial bacteria in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and nutritional therapy type.Methods:Ten patients aged≥18 years admitted to the ICU between January an...Objective:To evaluate relationship between changes in the beneficial bacteria in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and nutritional therapy type.Methods:Ten patients aged≥18 years admitted to the ICU between January and December 2020,were included.Good enteral nutrition was defined as early achievement of target calorie intake through enteral feeding.The ratio of beneficial bacteria at the first and second bowel movements after each patient’s admission was calculated and the patients were classified into the increase or decrease group.Among all patients,five each were in the increase and decrease groups.We investigated patient background,changes in sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱscores,nutritional doses or methods,and clinical outcomes.Results:No relationship was found between changes in the ratio of beneficial bacteria and changes in SOFA/APACHEⅡscores at the time of admission.The rate of good enteral nutrition was significantly higher in the increase group than in the decrease group(4/5 vs.0/5,P=0.01).Conclusions:An increase in beneficial bacteria may be significantly related to the early establishment of enteral nutrition.In the future,accumulating cases may make it possible to establish a new nutritional strategy for critically ill patients from an intestinal microbiota perspective.展开更多
Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplem...Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively,and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control,weight change,and its adverse events.Results The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients,7 males and 17 females,aged 46.08±14.15 years.Before RCS-supplemented diet,all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes(2.51±3.88 times/week),concurrent with neuroglycopenia(in 83.3% of patients)and autonomic manifestations(in 75.0% of patients),with the median fasting blood glucose(FBG)of 2.70(interquartile range[IQR]:2.50-2.90)mmol/L.The patients'weight increased by 0.38(IQR:0.05-0.65)kg per month,with 8(33.3%)cases developing overweight and 7(29.2%)cases developing obesity.All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection(23 cases)and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases(1 case).For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day,the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30(IQR:3.30-5.70)mmol/L,which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level[2.25(IQR:1.60-2.90)mmol/L;P<0.001].Of them,10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment[3.20(IQR:2.60-3.95)mmol/L vs.2.15(IQR:1.83-2.33)mmol/L;P<0.001].Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management[3.50(IQR:2.50-3.65)mmol/L vs.2.20(IQR:1.80-2.60)mmol/L;P<0.001],but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG.No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation.Mild diarrhea(2 cases)and flatulence(1 case)occurred,and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose.Conclusion The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.展开更多
Gastroparesis is a common postoperative complication of abdominal surgery,mainly manifested by postprandial fullness,early satiety,nausea,vomiting,and bloating.Gastroparesis should be addressed with a comprehensive tr...Gastroparesis is a common postoperative complication of abdominal surgery,mainly manifested by postprandial fullness,early satiety,nausea,vomiting,and bloating.Gastroparesis should be addressed with a comprehensive treatment plan that includes nutritional therapy and medications such as metoclopramide,domperidone,cisapride,and antiemetic drugs.Surgical treatment,such as pyloroplasty or partial gastrectomy,should be considered if the conservative therapy is ineffective.Enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function,maintain the mucosal integrity and immunity,and reduce complications.Thus,nutrition can play an important role in the treatment of gastroparesis.展开更多
Underweight and specific nutrient deficiencies are frequent in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In addition,a significant number of children with IBD,especially Crohn's disease(CD) have impaired...Underweight and specific nutrient deficiencies are frequent in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In addition,a significant number of children with IBD,especially Crohn's disease(CD) have impaired linear growth.Nutrition has an important role in the management of IBD.In adults with CD,enteral nutrition(EN) is effective in inducing clinical remission of IBD,although it is less efficient than corticosteroids.Exclusive EN is an established primary therapy for pediatric CD.Limited data suggests that EN is as efficient as corticosteroids for induction of remission.Additional advantages of nutritional therapy are control of inflammation,mucosal healing,positive benefits to growth and overall nutritional status with minimal adverse effects.The available evidence suggests that supplementary EN may be effective also for maintenance of remission in CD.More studies are needed to confirm these findings.However,EN supplementation could be considered as an alternative or as an adjunct to maintenance drug therapy in CD.EN does not have a primary therapeutic role in ulcerative colitis.Specific compositions of enteral dietselemental diets or diets containing specific components-were not shown to have any advantage over standard polymeric diets and their place in the treatment of CD or UC need further evaluation.Recent theories suggest that diet may be implicated in the etiology of IBD,however there are no proven dietary approaches to reduce the risk of developing IBD.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of nutritional therapy with Kabiven PI and w-3 fish oil fat emulsion on advanced stage of malignant tumor, Methods: One hundred and fifity-seven pat...Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of nutritional therapy with Kabiven PI and w-3 fish oil fat emulsion on advanced stage of malignant tumor, Methods: One hundred and fifity-seven patients with advanced stage of malignant tumor were performed parenteral nutrition and enteral nutritional adjunctive therapy with Kabiven PI and w-3 fish oil fat emulsion (according to the amount to heat of 20 kcal/kg a day and the nitrogen of 7g/m2.SA). Results: The ECOG ≥ 3 of 103 cases, therapy interval 2-3 weeks, declined 1 score. 28 were performed with chemotherapeutics under nutritional therapy 2-4 periodical. 25 of 26 died were dead for cancer cachexia and multiple organ failure. Survival time was 2-7 months, No serious complications occurred in all patients, Conclusion: The symptom and quality of life of advanced stage of malignant tumor were obviously improve by nutritional therapy. The opportunity for therapy tumor was offered. It is a important method on combined therapy of malignant tumor.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate changes in nutritional status and related indexes in patients with Nutritional Risk Score(NRS)≥3 gastric cancer after nutritional support treatment.Methods A total o...Objective The aim of this study was to investigate changes in nutritional status and related indexes in patients with Nutritional Risk Score(NRS)≥3 gastric cancer after nutritional support treatment.Methods A total of 50 patients with gastric cancer were divided into two groups according to the different nutritional support treatment they received during postoperative chemotherapy:immune-enhanced enteral nutrition group(n=25)and conventional enteral nutrition group(n=25).Changes in patient’body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin(HB),serum total protein(TP),serum albumin(ALB),and immune indexes(CD3+,CD4+/CD8+,CD3+/CD8+)were monitored before and after chemotherapy.At the same time,the incidence and classification of gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy were assessed.Results Compared with the conventional enteral nutrition group,the nutritional and immune indexes in the immune-enhanced enteral nutrition group were significantly improved.After chemotherapy,the incidence of adverse reactions in the digestive tract was relatively lower and the grade was reduced.Conclusion Immune-enhanced enteral nutrition support can significantly improve the nutritional status of patients,improve immune function,increase the susceptibility of cancer patients to chemotherapy,reduce toxicity and adverse effects,and improve the quality of life of tumor patients compared with conventional enteral nutrition support.展开更多
The high incidence of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer directly affects their clinical outcomes,and is associated with increased postoperative complications,prolonged hospital stays,and decreased tolera...The high incidence of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer directly affects their clinical outcomes,and is associated with increased postoperative complications,prolonged hospital stays,and decreased tolerance of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Therefore,the nutritional management of patients with colorectal cancer is important.The perioperative nutritional management of patients includes preoperative education,nutritional screening and evaluation,preoperative intestinal preparation,and postoperative nutritional management.This article summarizes the current status of perioperative nutritional therapy and bowel preparation for patients with colorectal cancer.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect nutritional diet therapy in pediatric diabetic patients.Methods:The study object was 60 cases of children with diabetes,which were divided into groups and treated separately according t...Objective:To analyze the effect nutritional diet therapy in pediatric diabetic patients.Methods:The study object was 60 cases of children with diabetes,which were divided into groups and treated separately according to the time of admission,and the treatment effects were compared.Results:After treatment,the glycated hemoglobin level,fasting blood glucose level,blood glucose level at 2 hours after meal,serum calcium level,transferrin level,albumin level,prealbumin level,hemoglobin level,the height,weight,and head circumference of the experimental group were better than those of the control group,and there were significant differences between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of nutritional diet therapy in the treatment of pediatric diabetic patients can significantly improve blood glucose levels,nutritional indicators and physical indicators of patients.展开更多
Approximately 20%-30%of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis develop infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN),a highly morbid and potentially lethal complication.Early identification of patients at high risk of IPN m...Approximately 20%-30%of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis develop infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN),a highly morbid and potentially lethal complication.Early identification of patients at high risk of IPN may facilitate appropriate preventive measures to improve clinical outcomes.In the past two decades,several markers and predictive tools have been proposed and evaluated for this purpose.Conventional biomarkers like C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,lymphocyte count,interleukin-6,and interleukin-8,and newly developed biomarkers like angiopoietin-2 all showed significant association with IPN.On the other hand,scoring systems like the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System have also been tested,and the results showed that they may provide better accuracy.For early prevention of IPN,several new therapies were tested,including early enteral nutrition,anti-biotics,probiotics,immune enhancement,etc.,but the results varied.Taken together,several evidence-supported predictive markers and scoring systems are readily available for predicting IPN.However,effective treatments to reduce the incidence of IPN are still lacking apart from early enteral nutrition.In this editorial,we summarize evidence concerning early prediction and prevention of IPN,providing insights into future practice and study design.A more homo-geneous patient population with reliable risk-stratification tools may help find effective treatments to reduce the risk of IPN,thereby achieving individualized treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUNDHepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is animportant type of liver failure in Asia. There is a direct relationship between HBVACLFand gastrointestinal barrier function. Howev...BACKGROUNDHepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is animportant type of liver failure in Asia. There is a direct relationship between HBVACLFand gastrointestinal barrier function. However, the nutritional status ofHBV-ACLF patients has been poorly studied.AIMTo investigate the nutritional risk and nutritional status of HBV-ACLF patientsand evaluated the impact of nutritional support on the gastrointestinal barrier and28-d mortality.METHODSNutritional risk screening assessment and gastrointestinal barrier biomarkers ofpatients with HBV-ACLF (n = 234) and patients in the compensatory period ofliver cirrhosis (the control group) (n = 234) were compared during the periodbetween 2016 and 2018. Changes were analyzed after nutritional support in HBVACLFpatients. Valuable biomarkers have been explored to predict 28-d death.The 28-d survival between HBV-ACLF patients with nutritional support (n = 234)or no nutritional support (2014-2016) (n = 207) was compared.RESULTSThe nutritional risk of the HBV-ACLF patients was significantly higher than thatof the control group. The nutritional intake of the patients with HBV-ACLF waslower than that of the control group. The decrease in skeletal muscle and fatcontent and the deficiency of fat intake were more obvious (P < 0.001). Thecoccus-bacillus ratio, secretory immunoglobulin A, and serum D-lactate weresignificantly increased in HBV-ACLF patients. The survival group had a lowernutritional risk, lower D-lactate, and cytokine levels (endotoxin, tumor necrosisfactor alpha, interleukin-10, and interleukin-1). Interleukin-10 may be a potentialpredictor of death in HBV-ACLF patients. The 28-d survival of the nutritionalsupport group was better than that of the non-nutritional support group (P =0.016).CONCLUSIONPatients with HBV-ACLF have insufficient nutritional intake and high nutritionalrisk, and their intestinal barrier function is impaired. Individualized and dynamicnutritional support is associated with a better prognosis of 28-d mortality in HBVACLFpatients.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has brought serious challenges for the medical field.Patients with COVID-19 usually have respiratory symptoms.Ho...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has brought serious challenges for the medical field.Patients with COVID-19 usually have respiratory symptoms.However,liver dysfunction is not an uncommon presentation.Additionally,the degree of liver dysfunction is associated with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.Prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of malnutrition should be routinely recommended in the management of patients with COVID-19,especially in those with liver dysfunction.Recently,a large number of studies have reported that nutrition therapy measures,including natural dietary supplements,vitamins,minerals and trace elements,and probiotics,might have potential hepatoprotective effects against COVID-19-related liver dysfunction via their antioxidant,antiviral,anti-inflammatory,and positive immunomodulatory effects.This review mainly focuses on the possible relationship between COVID-19 and liver dysfunction,nutritional and metabolic characteristics,nutritional status assessment,and nutrition therapy to provide a reference for the nutritionists while making evidence-based nutritional decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.展开更多
Many methods have been proposed to generate meal plans, but most of them only consider proximates. However, the human body requires a combination of proximates and several macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and...Many methods have been proposed to generate meal plans, but most of them only consider proximates. However, the human body requires a combination of proximates and several macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Furthermore, the models designed to generate these meal plans do not take into account an individual’s specific nutritional needs. These needs are often expressed as a combination of lower bound amount (LBA), ideal amount (IA), and upper bound amount (UBA) necessary for the human body to thrive. The aim of this project is to generate an algorithm to produce a list of food items that will meet specific nutritional requirements. With the proposed algorithm, each nutrient receives a score based on the amount of nutrient contained in the food list in relation to the LBA, IA, and UBA. These scores are aggregated to give the meal plan an overall score.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),has affected millions of people globally.It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),has affected millions of people globally.It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.The hyperinflammatory response to the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the result of a“cytokine storm”and the high oxidative stress responsible for the associated symptomatology.Not only respiratory symptoms are reported,but gastrointestinal symptoms(diarrhea,vomiting,and nausea)and liver abnormalities(high levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase transaminases,and bilirubin)are observed in at least 30%of patients.Reduced food intake and a delay in medical services may lead to malnutrition,which increases mortality and poor outcomes.This review provides some strategies to identify malnutrition and establishes nutritional approaches for the management of COVID-19 and liver injury,taking energy and nutrient requirements and their impact on the immune response into account.The roles of certain phytochemicals in the prevention of the disease or as promising target drugs in the treatment of this disease are also considered.展开更多
Non-healing diabetic foot ulcers(DFU)are the most notable and striking complications of diabetes mellitus.More than 25% of nonhealing DFU can ultimately lead to amputation of the lower extremity within 6-18 mo after t...Non-healing diabetic foot ulcers(DFU)are the most notable and striking complications of diabetes mellitus.More than 25% of nonhealing DFU can ultimately lead to amputation of the lower extremity within 6-18 mo after the first manifestation of the wound.Although wound healing is complex,nutritional status is crucial in soft tissue repair.Malnutrition is highly prevalent and overlooked in patients with diabetes and chronic wounds.Moreover,to date,we do not have clear recommendations or evidence about the use of nutritional supplements for improving wound healing in patients with DFU.In this article the authors briefly analyzed the current evidence on the use of nutritional supplements of proteins or amino acids,fatty acids,probiotics,vitamins,and trace elements in the wound healing process in patients with DFU.展开更多
Background Surgery may be the field of healthcare where malnutrition and sarcopenia have their greatest impact on patient morbidity and mortality.However,there are limited data on the nutritional status of surgical pa...Background Surgery may be the field of healthcare where malnutrition and sarcopenia have their greatest impact on patient morbidity and mortality.However,there are limited data on the nutritional status of surgical patients and the effects of prehabilitation on the outcomes of surgery.Methods A prospective analysis was conducted on all patients surgically-treated for malignant gastrointestinal tumors at St.John Hospital during a two-year period.The patient’s gender,age,body weight,height,BMI and weight loss were registered,then a risk score was determined by the MUST survey.Measurement of the triceps and thigh skin-fold thickness and the circumference of the upper arm and thigh were done to calculate muscle area and muscle index,respectively.The body composition was assessed using an OMRON-BF511 device.Muscle function was evaluated based on hand clamping force measurement and activity tests.Patients who were diagnosed as being at-risk received preoperative prehabilitation,which included physiotherapy and nutritional therapy.Results A total of 231 patients(133 males/98 females)were analyzed.They had a mean age of 68.9 years(18~98).Seventy-four patients(32%)lost weight,with an average loss of 7 kilograms(3~15 kg).Anthropometric data showed an average upper-arm circumference of 27.4 cm(14.3~38.1)and thigh circumference of 44.7 cm(19.3~60.1),so the median muscle index was 1.29.The mean BMI was 26,which is above normal,and the elevated BMI was consistent documented in each patient subgroup stratified by age and tumor type.A body composition analysis was performed for 75 patients(44 male/31 female),who had a median age of 68(37~88 y).The average BMI of these patients was 25.7 y and their average MUST score was 1.12.The total body fat percentage(of the total body mass)was 29.5%,total muscle was 30.1%and visceral fat was 10%.Thirty patients(40%)had sarcopenia,with a mean BMI of 28.7,fat comprising 34.2%of the body mass,visceral-fat 11%,and muscle 27.1%,and their median MUST score was 1.23.Patients who received preoperative training(physiotherapy)showed improvements in physical function ranging from 12%~33%.Conclusion Gastrointestinal tumor patients have a higher than normal BMI regardless of age or tumor type.Patients with sarcopenia show measurable improvement after two weeks of prehabilitation.展开更多
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) have shown impressive improvement and death rates have drastically reduced, even though complications still exist. This research carried out ...Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) have shown impressive improvement and death rates have drastically reduced, even though complications still exist. This research carried out a baseline stud<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">y</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to determine the nutritional interplay between HIV-drugs and kidney, liver, and heart indices among subjects undergoing HIV treatment <span>and attending </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Medical Out-Patient Department of a Federal Medical</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Center in the North</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Eastern part of Nigeria, using a sample size of 50 individuals both male and female, who have been shown to be HIV positive and have been on ART for over 12 months.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Anthropometric data was collect</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ed</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> in triplicate, two from patients</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">’</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> file, and one was measured directly and the average </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">was </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">obtained. The electrolytes were determined by </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">colorimetric method while total protein and albumin in blood concentration were determined by spectrophotometric method, but globulin and A/G ratio were determined by <span>calculation. TC was determined using</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span>Spectrophotometric method while</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> HDL was determined after precipitation of LDL with phosphotungstate and magnesium w</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ere</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> calculated from Friedwaldís formular, and TG was measured using the colorimetric enzymatic method.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The results showed that the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure which were</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">119.9</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">mmHg ± 17.5, and 76. 6</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">mmHg ± 10.1 respectively, were with the range of the reference values. The mean body mass index was 25.1 ± 4.9;also within range of the reference value. Major indices from the liver function test were mean ALT which was 36.5 ± 29.4 with a reference value of 7</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">55 U/L;AST was 40.0 ± 32.3, with a reference value of 8</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">48 U/L. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">mean value for albumin was 4.6 ± 7.1 with a reference range of 3.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">5.0</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">g/dl, these values also were within the reference range values. The electrolyte test showed all other electrolyte</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to be within the reference range values except for Zinc which was 19.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">μmol/L, with a normal range of 70</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">100 μmol/L and magnesium which was found to be 0.7 mEq/L, with a normal range of 1.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2.0 mEq/L;Zinc and magnesium play vital roles in over 300 enzymatic reactions, and are known to be important in </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">immune response. Shortfalls in these minerals could compromise the patients’ recovery process and place them at risk of hearts conditions such as arrhyth<span>mia or heart attack among many other conditions. There is </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">need for an </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">immediate review of these treatments in the direction of Zinc and magnesium, either by supplementation or by diet therapy. HIV patients undergoing ART should be placed under strict Zinc and magnesium</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">rich diet to avert untimely death among these patients. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">controlled study should be done to ascertain the best approach to quell the residue of malnutrition in these patients in order to further improve their nutritional status.</span></span></span>展开更多
Objective: To identify the level of dietary adherence for particular foods and determine which are challenging for patients with diabetes in Indonesia, as well as the associated factors. Methods: This study was conduc...Objective: To identify the level of dietary adherence for particular foods and determine which are challenging for patients with diabetes in Indonesia, as well as the associated factors. Methods: This study was conducted in a primary health care facility, using a cross-sectional design. Diabetic patients who had received dietary education, agreed to par ticipate, and adult age were invited. All patients with type 1, gestational, and other types of diabetes who did not join regular meetings of Prolanis and were repor ted moving or dying were excluded. The data collection used demographic and perceived dietary adherence questionnaires(PDAQs). Moreover, the height, weight, and blood glucose level were recorded. Data were analyzed using Pearson, point biserial correlation, and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. Results: The respondents were mostly female, married, and non-smoking with a mean age of 60.2 ± 8.48 years. Mean score for dietary adherence was 29.7 ± 8.85 with scores from the specific food groups between 0.72 ± 1.89 and 4.60 ± 2.30. The lower scores of adherence were identified on low-sugar foods, high-fiber foods, fish and foods with high omega-3, and olive/organic oils in cooking. Additionally, people living with diabetes for more than 10 years and not having any comorbidity showed a higher score of dietary adherence. Conclusions: There were 4 groups of foods that had a low score of adherence. Accordingly, health care providers working in primary health care should be concerned about those 4 food groups during diabetes education and counseling. Public health workers should make more effor ts to promote consumption of the healthy diet among patients with diabetes, par ticularly those who have had diabetes for less than 10 years and other comorbidities.展开更多
文摘Title: Integrating Consistent Individualized Carbohydrate-Controlled Anti- Inflammatory Nutritional Plan (C-ICAN) in the Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Case Report. Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a loss of function of specific genes on chromosome 15. Patients with this disease present unique challenges in management, particularly regarding obesity and nutritional regulation as the disease symptoms change depending on the age of the patient and the phase of the disease. These challenges pose critical stressors to caregivers and their families. We present a case report of a 5-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with PWS, exhibiting failure to thrive and uncontrolled weight gain. His caregiver was his elderly grandmother who, by her own admission, was ill-equipped to deal with the patient’s physical symptoms and his behavior in response to dietary restrictions. Through a multidisciplinary approach involving medical nutrition therapy (MNT) involving the implementation of a Consistent Individualized Carbohydrate-Controlled Anti-Inflammatory Nutritional plan (C-ICAN), growth hormone supplementation, and behavioral interventions patient markedly improved physically and emotionally.
基金funded by the Special Funding for Clinical Research of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(No.320.2710.1848)the Clinical Research Supporting Project of PLA Genenral Hospital(No.109310)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.D171100006517002 and No.D171100006517004)。
文摘Objective:To avoid perioperative complications caused malnutrition,nutrition therapy is necessary in gastric outlet obstruction(GOO)patients.Compared to parenteral nutrition(PN),enteral nutrition(EN)is associated with many advantages.This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative EN has beneficial clinical effects compared to preoperative PN in gastric cancer patients with GOO undergoing surgery.Methods:According to the methods of preoperative nutrition therapy,143 patients were divided into EN group(n=42)and PN group(n=101)between January 2013 and December 2017 at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital.Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the methods of preoperative nutrition therapy and postoperative day of flatus passage.The generalized additive model and twopiecewise linear regression model were used to calculate the inflection point of the preoperative nutritional therapy time on the postoperative day of flatus passage in the PN group.Results:EN shortened the postoperative day of flatus passage in gastric cancer patients with GOO,which is a protective factor,especially in patients who underwent non-radical operations and the postoperative day of flatus passage reduced when the preoperative PN therapy was up to 3 d and a longer PN therapy(>3 d)did not accelerate the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal functions.Conclusions:Preoperative EN therapy would benefit gastric cancer patients with GOO by accelerating postoperative recovery.For patients with absolute obstruction,no more than 3-day PN therapy is recommended if patients can tolerate general anesthesia and surgery.
文摘Objective To investigate the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A1 c (HbA1 c) and blood glucose levels of eight different points throughout the day in well-glycemic-controlled medical nutrition therapy (MNT) alone type 2 diabetic pafients. Methods Data were collected as" capillary blood glucose value of eight different sample points among sixteen observing days in thirty MNT alone type 2 diabetic patients. The correlation between HbAI c and capillary blood glucose value was evaluated by Pearson's correlation method. Results The r-values between HbA1c and capillary blood glucose of 3:00, 6:00, and bedtime (22:00-23:00) were 0. 81,0. 79, and 0. 78, respectively(P 〈0. 001 ). The best correlation was found between the mean value of 8- point blood glucose value throughout the day and HbA1c ( r=0. 84, P 〈0. 001 ). Conclustion Fasting blood glucose and postabsorptive blood glucose have better correlations with HbAlc compared with other points in this group of well-glycemic-controlled MNT alone type 2 diabetic patients.
文摘Objective:To evaluate relationship between changes in the beneficial bacteria in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and nutritional therapy type.Methods:Ten patients aged≥18 years admitted to the ICU between January and December 2020,were included.Good enteral nutrition was defined as early achievement of target calorie intake through enteral feeding.The ratio of beneficial bacteria at the first and second bowel movements after each patient’s admission was calculated and the patients were classified into the increase or decrease group.Among all patients,five each were in the increase and decrease groups.We investigated patient background,changes in sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱscores,nutritional doses or methods,and clinical outcomes.Results:No relationship was found between changes in the ratio of beneficial bacteria and changes in SOFA/APACHEⅡscores at the time of admission.The rate of good enteral nutrition was significantly higher in the increase group than in the decrease group(4/5 vs.0/5,P=0.01).Conclusions:An increase in beneficial bacteria may be significantly related to the early establishment of enteral nutrition.In the future,accumulating cases may make it possible to establish a new nutritional strategy for critically ill patients from an intestinal microbiota perspective.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund(2022-PUMCH-A-146)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72074222)the Na-tional Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2005005).
文摘Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively,and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control,weight change,and its adverse events.Results The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients,7 males and 17 females,aged 46.08±14.15 years.Before RCS-supplemented diet,all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes(2.51±3.88 times/week),concurrent with neuroglycopenia(in 83.3% of patients)and autonomic manifestations(in 75.0% of patients),with the median fasting blood glucose(FBG)of 2.70(interquartile range[IQR]:2.50-2.90)mmol/L.The patients'weight increased by 0.38(IQR:0.05-0.65)kg per month,with 8(33.3%)cases developing overweight and 7(29.2%)cases developing obesity.All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection(23 cases)and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases(1 case).For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day,the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30(IQR:3.30-5.70)mmol/L,which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level[2.25(IQR:1.60-2.90)mmol/L;P<0.001].Of them,10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment[3.20(IQR:2.60-3.95)mmol/L vs.2.15(IQR:1.83-2.33)mmol/L;P<0.001].Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management[3.50(IQR:2.50-3.65)mmol/L vs.2.20(IQR:1.80-2.60)mmol/L;P<0.001],but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG.No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation.Mild diarrhea(2 cases)and flatulence(1 case)occurred,and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose.Conclusion The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060430 and No.82002492)the Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery,Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project(No.AD19245196)the“Medical Excellence Award”funded by a Creative Research Development Grant from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University(No.202207).
文摘Gastroparesis is a common postoperative complication of abdominal surgery,mainly manifested by postprandial fullness,early satiety,nausea,vomiting,and bloating.Gastroparesis should be addressed with a comprehensive treatment plan that includes nutritional therapy and medications such as metoclopramide,domperidone,cisapride,and antiemetic drugs.Surgical treatment,such as pyloroplasty or partial gastrectomy,should be considered if the conservative therapy is ineffective.Enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function,maintain the mucosal integrity and immunity,and reduce complications.Thus,nutrition can play an important role in the treatment of gastroparesis.
文摘Underweight and specific nutrient deficiencies are frequent in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In addition,a significant number of children with IBD,especially Crohn's disease(CD) have impaired linear growth.Nutrition has an important role in the management of IBD.In adults with CD,enteral nutrition(EN) is effective in inducing clinical remission of IBD,although it is less efficient than corticosteroids.Exclusive EN is an established primary therapy for pediatric CD.Limited data suggests that EN is as efficient as corticosteroids for induction of remission.Additional advantages of nutritional therapy are control of inflammation,mucosal healing,positive benefits to growth and overall nutritional status with minimal adverse effects.The available evidence suggests that supplementary EN may be effective also for maintenance of remission in CD.More studies are needed to confirm these findings.However,EN supplementation could be considered as an alternative or as an adjunct to maintenance drug therapy in CD.EN does not have a primary therapeutic role in ulcerative colitis.Specific compositions of enteral dietselemental diets or diets containing specific components-were not shown to have any advantage over standard polymeric diets and their place in the treatment of CD or UC need further evaluation.Recent theories suggest that diet may be implicated in the etiology of IBD,however there are no proven dietary approaches to reduce the risk of developing IBD.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of nutritional therapy with Kabiven PI and w-3 fish oil fat emulsion on advanced stage of malignant tumor, Methods: One hundred and fifity-seven patients with advanced stage of malignant tumor were performed parenteral nutrition and enteral nutritional adjunctive therapy with Kabiven PI and w-3 fish oil fat emulsion (according to the amount to heat of 20 kcal/kg a day and the nitrogen of 7g/m2.SA). Results: The ECOG ≥ 3 of 103 cases, therapy interval 2-3 weeks, declined 1 score. 28 were performed with chemotherapeutics under nutritional therapy 2-4 periodical. 25 of 26 died were dead for cancer cachexia and multiple organ failure. Survival time was 2-7 months, No serious complications occurred in all patients, Conclusion: The symptom and quality of life of advanced stage of malignant tumor were obviously improve by nutritional therapy. The opportunity for therapy tumor was offered. It is a important method on combined therapy of malignant tumor.
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to investigate changes in nutritional status and related indexes in patients with Nutritional Risk Score(NRS)≥3 gastric cancer after nutritional support treatment.Methods A total of 50 patients with gastric cancer were divided into two groups according to the different nutritional support treatment they received during postoperative chemotherapy:immune-enhanced enteral nutrition group(n=25)and conventional enteral nutrition group(n=25).Changes in patient’body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin(HB),serum total protein(TP),serum albumin(ALB),and immune indexes(CD3+,CD4+/CD8+,CD3+/CD8+)were monitored before and after chemotherapy.At the same time,the incidence and classification of gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy were assessed.Results Compared with the conventional enteral nutrition group,the nutritional and immune indexes in the immune-enhanced enteral nutrition group were significantly improved.After chemotherapy,the incidence of adverse reactions in the digestive tract was relatively lower and the grade was reduced.Conclusion Immune-enhanced enteral nutrition support can significantly improve the nutritional status of patients,improve immune function,increase the susceptibility of cancer patients to chemotherapy,reduce toxicity and adverse effects,and improve the quality of life of tumor patients compared with conventional enteral nutrition support.
文摘The high incidence of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer directly affects their clinical outcomes,and is associated with increased postoperative complications,prolonged hospital stays,and decreased tolerance of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Therefore,the nutritional management of patients with colorectal cancer is important.The perioperative nutritional management of patients includes preoperative education,nutritional screening and evaluation,preoperative intestinal preparation,and postoperative nutritional management.This article summarizes the current status of perioperative nutritional therapy and bowel preparation for patients with colorectal cancer.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect nutritional diet therapy in pediatric diabetic patients.Methods:The study object was 60 cases of children with diabetes,which were divided into groups and treated separately according to the time of admission,and the treatment effects were compared.Results:After treatment,the glycated hemoglobin level,fasting blood glucose level,blood glucose level at 2 hours after meal,serum calcium level,transferrin level,albumin level,prealbumin level,hemoglobin level,the height,weight,and head circumference of the experimental group were better than those of the control group,and there were significant differences between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of nutritional diet therapy in the treatment of pediatric diabetic patients can significantly improve blood glucose levels,nutritional indicators and physical indicators of patients.
文摘Approximately 20%-30%of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis develop infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN),a highly morbid and potentially lethal complication.Early identification of patients at high risk of IPN may facilitate appropriate preventive measures to improve clinical outcomes.In the past two decades,several markers and predictive tools have been proposed and evaluated for this purpose.Conventional biomarkers like C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,lymphocyte count,interleukin-6,and interleukin-8,and newly developed biomarkers like angiopoietin-2 all showed significant association with IPN.On the other hand,scoring systems like the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System have also been tested,and the results showed that they may provide better accuracy.For early prevention of IPN,several new therapies were tested,including early enteral nutrition,anti-biotics,probiotics,immune enhancement,etc.,but the results varied.Taken together,several evidence-supported predictive markers and scoring systems are readily available for predicting IPN.However,effective treatments to reduce the incidence of IPN are still lacking apart from early enteral nutrition.In this editorial,we summarize evidence concerning early prediction and prevention of IPN,providing insights into future practice and study design.A more homo-geneous patient population with reliable risk-stratification tools may help find effective treatments to reduce the risk of IPN,thereby achieving individualized treatment.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Science and Technology Project,No.15ZXLCSY00040and National Major Science and Technology Projects in the 13th Five-Year Plan,No.2018ZX10732-202-004-005.
文摘BACKGROUNDHepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is animportant type of liver failure in Asia. There is a direct relationship between HBVACLFand gastrointestinal barrier function. However, the nutritional status ofHBV-ACLF patients has been poorly studied.AIMTo investigate the nutritional risk and nutritional status of HBV-ACLF patientsand evaluated the impact of nutritional support on the gastrointestinal barrier and28-d mortality.METHODSNutritional risk screening assessment and gastrointestinal barrier biomarkers ofpatients with HBV-ACLF (n = 234) and patients in the compensatory period ofliver cirrhosis (the control group) (n = 234) were compared during the periodbetween 2016 and 2018. Changes were analyzed after nutritional support in HBVACLFpatients. Valuable biomarkers have been explored to predict 28-d death.The 28-d survival between HBV-ACLF patients with nutritional support (n = 234)or no nutritional support (2014-2016) (n = 207) was compared.RESULTSThe nutritional risk of the HBV-ACLF patients was significantly higher than thatof the control group. The nutritional intake of the patients with HBV-ACLF waslower than that of the control group. The decrease in skeletal muscle and fatcontent and the deficiency of fat intake were more obvious (P < 0.001). Thecoccus-bacillus ratio, secretory immunoglobulin A, and serum D-lactate weresignificantly increased in HBV-ACLF patients. The survival group had a lowernutritional risk, lower D-lactate, and cytokine levels (endotoxin, tumor necrosisfactor alpha, interleukin-10, and interleukin-1). Interleukin-10 may be a potentialpredictor of death in HBV-ACLF patients. The 28-d survival of the nutritionalsupport group was better than that of the non-nutritional support group (P =0.016).CONCLUSIONPatients with HBV-ACLF have insufficient nutritional intake and high nutritionalrisk, and their intestinal barrier function is impaired. Individualized and dynamicnutritional support is associated with a better prognosis of 28-d mortality in HBVACLFpatients.
基金Supported by Major Construction Program of Military Key Disciplines during the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan Period,No.2020SZ21-15。
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has brought serious challenges for the medical field.Patients with COVID-19 usually have respiratory symptoms.However,liver dysfunction is not an uncommon presentation.Additionally,the degree of liver dysfunction is associated with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.Prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of malnutrition should be routinely recommended in the management of patients with COVID-19,especially in those with liver dysfunction.Recently,a large number of studies have reported that nutrition therapy measures,including natural dietary supplements,vitamins,minerals and trace elements,and probiotics,might have potential hepatoprotective effects against COVID-19-related liver dysfunction via their antioxidant,antiviral,anti-inflammatory,and positive immunomodulatory effects.This review mainly focuses on the possible relationship between COVID-19 and liver dysfunction,nutritional and metabolic characteristics,nutritional status assessment,and nutrition therapy to provide a reference for the nutritionists while making evidence-based nutritional decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
文摘Many methods have been proposed to generate meal plans, but most of them only consider proximates. However, the human body requires a combination of proximates and several macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Furthermore, the models designed to generate these meal plans do not take into account an individual’s specific nutritional needs. These needs are often expressed as a combination of lower bound amount (LBA), ideal amount (IA), and upper bound amount (UBA) necessary for the human body to thrive. The aim of this project is to generate an algorithm to produce a list of food items that will meet specific nutritional requirements. With the proposed algorithm, each nutrient receives a score based on the amount of nutrient contained in the food list in relation to the LBA, IA, and UBA. These scores are aggregated to give the meal plan an overall score.
基金SIP Project,No.SIP-20200341 and No.SIP-20200453Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONACyT)Grants,No.PAACTI 312807.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),has affected millions of people globally.It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.The hyperinflammatory response to the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the result of a“cytokine storm”and the high oxidative stress responsible for the associated symptomatology.Not only respiratory symptoms are reported,but gastrointestinal symptoms(diarrhea,vomiting,and nausea)and liver abnormalities(high levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase transaminases,and bilirubin)are observed in at least 30%of patients.Reduced food intake and a delay in medical services may lead to malnutrition,which increases mortality and poor outcomes.This review provides some strategies to identify malnutrition and establishes nutritional approaches for the management of COVID-19 and liver injury,taking energy and nutrient requirements and their impact on the immune response into account.The roles of certain phytochemicals in the prevention of the disease or as promising target drugs in the treatment of this disease are also considered.
文摘Non-healing diabetic foot ulcers(DFU)are the most notable and striking complications of diabetes mellitus.More than 25% of nonhealing DFU can ultimately lead to amputation of the lower extremity within 6-18 mo after the first manifestation of the wound.Although wound healing is complex,nutritional status is crucial in soft tissue repair.Malnutrition is highly prevalent and overlooked in patients with diabetes and chronic wounds.Moreover,to date,we do not have clear recommendations or evidence about the use of nutritional supplements for improving wound healing in patients with DFU.In this article the authors briefly analyzed the current evidence on the use of nutritional supplements of proteins or amino acids,fatty acids,probiotics,vitamins,and trace elements in the wound healing process in patients with DFU.
文摘Background Surgery may be the field of healthcare where malnutrition and sarcopenia have their greatest impact on patient morbidity and mortality.However,there are limited data on the nutritional status of surgical patients and the effects of prehabilitation on the outcomes of surgery.Methods A prospective analysis was conducted on all patients surgically-treated for malignant gastrointestinal tumors at St.John Hospital during a two-year period.The patient’s gender,age,body weight,height,BMI and weight loss were registered,then a risk score was determined by the MUST survey.Measurement of the triceps and thigh skin-fold thickness and the circumference of the upper arm and thigh were done to calculate muscle area and muscle index,respectively.The body composition was assessed using an OMRON-BF511 device.Muscle function was evaluated based on hand clamping force measurement and activity tests.Patients who were diagnosed as being at-risk received preoperative prehabilitation,which included physiotherapy and nutritional therapy.Results A total of 231 patients(133 males/98 females)were analyzed.They had a mean age of 68.9 years(18~98).Seventy-four patients(32%)lost weight,with an average loss of 7 kilograms(3~15 kg).Anthropometric data showed an average upper-arm circumference of 27.4 cm(14.3~38.1)and thigh circumference of 44.7 cm(19.3~60.1),so the median muscle index was 1.29.The mean BMI was 26,which is above normal,and the elevated BMI was consistent documented in each patient subgroup stratified by age and tumor type.A body composition analysis was performed for 75 patients(44 male/31 female),who had a median age of 68(37~88 y).The average BMI of these patients was 25.7 y and their average MUST score was 1.12.The total body fat percentage(of the total body mass)was 29.5%,total muscle was 30.1%and visceral fat was 10%.Thirty patients(40%)had sarcopenia,with a mean BMI of 28.7,fat comprising 34.2%of the body mass,visceral-fat 11%,and muscle 27.1%,and their median MUST score was 1.23.Patients who received preoperative training(physiotherapy)showed improvements in physical function ranging from 12%~33%.Conclusion Gastrointestinal tumor patients have a higher than normal BMI regardless of age or tumor type.Patients with sarcopenia show measurable improvement after two weeks of prehabilitation.
文摘Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) have shown impressive improvement and death rates have drastically reduced, even though complications still exist. This research carried out a baseline stud<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">y</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to determine the nutritional interplay between HIV-drugs and kidney, liver, and heart indices among subjects undergoing HIV treatment <span>and attending </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Medical Out-Patient Department of a Federal Medical</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Center in the North</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Eastern part of Nigeria, using a sample size of 50 individuals both male and female, who have been shown to be HIV positive and have been on ART for over 12 months.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">Anthropometric data was collect</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ed</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> in triplicate, two from patients</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">’</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> file, and one was measured directly and the average </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">was </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">obtained. The electrolytes were determined by </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">colorimetric method while total protein and albumin in blood concentration were determined by spectrophotometric method, but globulin and A/G ratio were determined by <span>calculation. TC was determined using</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span>Spectrophotometric method while</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> HDL was determined after precipitation of LDL with phosphotungstate and magnesium w</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">ere</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> calculated from Friedwaldís formular, and TG was measured using the colorimetric enzymatic method.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The results showed that the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure which were</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">119.9</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">mmHg ± 17.5, and 76. 6</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">mmHg ± 10.1 respectively, were with the range of the reference values. The mean body mass index was 25.1 ± 4.9;also within range of the reference value. Major indices from the liver function test were mean ALT which was 36.5 ± 29.4 with a reference value of 7</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">55 U/L;AST was 40.0 ± 32.3, with a reference value of 8</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">48 U/L. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">mean value for albumin was 4.6 ± 7.1 with a reference range of 3.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">5.0</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">g/dl, these values also were within the reference range values. The electrolyte test showed all other electrolyte</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to be within the reference range values except for Zinc which was 19.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">μmol/L, with a normal range of 70</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">100 μmol/L and magnesium which was found to be 0.7 mEq/L, with a normal range of 1.5</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">2.0 mEq/L;Zinc and magnesium play vital roles in over 300 enzymatic reactions, and are known to be important in </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">immune response. Shortfalls in these minerals could compromise the patients’ recovery process and place them at risk of hearts conditions such as arrhyth<span>mia or heart attack among many other conditions. There is </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">a </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">need for an </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">immediate review of these treatments in the direction of Zinc and magnesium, either by supplementation or by diet therapy. HIV patients undergoing ART should be placed under strict Zinc and magnesium</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">rich diet to avert untimely death among these patients. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">controlled study should be done to ascertain the best approach to quell the residue of malnutrition in these patients in order to further improve their nutritional status.</span></span></span>
基金funded by the Faculty of Medicine,Public Health,and Nursing,Universitas Gadjah Mada,in 2018 (No. 20180056)。
文摘Objective: To identify the level of dietary adherence for particular foods and determine which are challenging for patients with diabetes in Indonesia, as well as the associated factors. Methods: This study was conducted in a primary health care facility, using a cross-sectional design. Diabetic patients who had received dietary education, agreed to par ticipate, and adult age were invited. All patients with type 1, gestational, and other types of diabetes who did not join regular meetings of Prolanis and were repor ted moving or dying were excluded. The data collection used demographic and perceived dietary adherence questionnaires(PDAQs). Moreover, the height, weight, and blood glucose level were recorded. Data were analyzed using Pearson, point biserial correlation, and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. Results: The respondents were mostly female, married, and non-smoking with a mean age of 60.2 ± 8.48 years. Mean score for dietary adherence was 29.7 ± 8.85 with scores from the specific food groups between 0.72 ± 1.89 and 4.60 ± 2.30. The lower scores of adherence were identified on low-sugar foods, high-fiber foods, fish and foods with high omega-3, and olive/organic oils in cooking. Additionally, people living with diabetes for more than 10 years and not having any comorbidity showed a higher score of dietary adherence. Conclusions: There were 4 groups of foods that had a low score of adherence. Accordingly, health care providers working in primary health care should be concerned about those 4 food groups during diabetes education and counseling. Public health workers should make more effor ts to promote consumption of the healthy diet among patients with diabetes, par ticularly those who have had diabetes for less than 10 years and other comorbidities.