The Late Permian was marked by a series of important geological events and widespread organic-rich black shale depositions,acting as important unconventional hydrocarbon source rocks.However,the mechanism of organic m...The Late Permian was marked by a series of important geological events and widespread organic-rich black shale depositions,acting as important unconventional hydrocarbon source rocks.However,the mechanism of organic matter(OM)enrichment throughout this period is still controversial.Based on geochemical data,the marine redox conditions,paleogeographic and hydrographic environment,primary productivity,volcanism,and terrigenous input during the Late Permian in the Lower Yangtze region have been studied from the Putaoling section,Chaohu,to provide new insights into OM accumulation.Five Phases are distinguished based on the TOC and environmental variations.In Phase I,anoxic conditions driven by water restriction enhanced OM preservation.In Phase II,euxinic and cycling hydrological environments were the two most substantial controlling factors for the massive OM deposition.During Phase III,intensified terrestrial input potentially diluted the OM in sediment and the presence of oxygen in bottom water weakened the preservation condition.Phase IV was characterized by a relatively higher abundance of mercury(Hg)and TOC(peak at 16.98 wt%),indicating that enhanced volcanism potentially stimulated higher productivity and a euxinic environment.In Phase V,extremely lean OM was preserved as a result of terrestrial dilutions and decreasing primary productivity.Phases I,II and IV are characterized as the most prominent OM-rich zones due to the effective interactions of the controlling factors,namely paleogeographic,hydrographic environment,volcanism,and redox conditions.展开更多
The ultimate goal of single-cell analyses is to obtain the biomolecular content for each cell in unicellular and multicellular organisms at different points of their life cycle under variable environmental conditions....The ultimate goal of single-cell analyses is to obtain the biomolecular content for each cell in unicellular and multicellular organisms at different points of their life cycle under variable environmental conditions.These require an assessment of:a)the total number of cells,b)the total number of cell types,and c)the complete and quantitative single molecular detection and identification for all classes of biopolymers,and organic and inorganic compounds,in each individual cell.For proteins,glycans,lipids,and metabolites,whose sequences cannot be amplified by copying as in the case of nucleic acids,the detection limit by mass spectrometry is about 105 molecules.Therefore,proteomic,glycomic,lipidomic,and metabolomic analyses do not yet permit the assembly of the complete single-cell omes.The construction of novel nanoelectrophoretic arrays and nano in microarrays on a single 1-cm-diameter chip has shown proof of concept for a high throughput platform for parallel processing of thousands of individual cells.Combined with dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry,with 3D scanning capability and lateral resolution of 50 nm,the sensitivity of single molecular quantification and identification for all classes of biomolecules could be reached.Further development and routine application of such technological and instrumentation solution would allow assembly of complete omes with a quantitative assessment of structural and functional cellular diversity at the molecular level.展开更多
To quantify the pore characteristics of various macerals in Chang 7 lacustrine shales,macerals were effectively identified according to their optical and morphological characteristics,and the nanoscale pore structure ...To quantify the pore characteristics of various macerals in Chang 7 lacustrine shales,macerals were effectively identified according to their optical and morphological characteristics,and the nanoscale pore structure of macerals was observed by scanning electron microscope.Meanwhile,the reflectances of different positions in the same pieces of vitrinite or solid bitumen with heterogeneous pores development were measured.The results showed that the average contents of sapropelinite,liptinite,vitrinite,inertinite and solid bitumen are 42.7%,8.7%,13.6%,13.8% and 21.2%,respectively,which suggests that the source of the organic matter of the Chang 7 shales is a mixed source input.The organic pores of Chang 7 shales are enriched,and the pore shapes are mostly round or elliptical.The pore size of organic pores has a wide distribution,mainly concentrate in the range of 100-400 nm,and the average plane porosity of organic pores is 10.13%.The size order of the organic pores in various macerals is:solid bitumen<bituminite<alginite<vitrinite<fusinite<liptinite.The abundance order of organic matter pores of each maceral is as follows:alginite>fusinite>bituminite>solid bitumen>vitrinite>liptinite.OM pores are mainly contributed by bituminite,solid bitumen and fusinite.The plane porosity of bituminite increases with maturity.In the process of thermal evolution,the plane porosity of fusinite is distributed in the two ranges of 20%-28% and 1%-7%.The former is mainly the primary pores of the fusinite itself,and the latter is the secondary pores formed in the thermal evolution.As for the organic pores of other macerals,no obvious thermal evolution law was found.Meanwhile,the surface imperfections of vitrinite or solid bitumen is enhanced by the enrichment of organic pores(an increase in pore size or pore number),which may result in the underestimation of their reflectances.展开更多
资源受限的移动设备因其有限的计算能力、存储资源、用户接口等,无法承载3G高带宽环境下丰富的移动网联网应用。通过借鉴云计算强大的计算和存储能力,提出一种"云+端"新型移动网联网应用研发模型:一方面,将复杂的逻辑计算和...资源受限的移动设备因其有限的计算能力、存储资源、用户接口等,无法承载3G高带宽环境下丰富的移动网联网应用。通过借鉴云计算强大的计算和存储能力,提出一种"云+端"新型移动网联网应用研发模型:一方面,将复杂的逻辑计算和庞大的存储量交给能力强大的云计算平台处理;另一方面,OMS(open mobile system)作为云计算的"端"平台,能够与云计算平台无缝整合,为用户提供真正意义上的、丰富的、高效的、廉价的移动互联网应用。同时,模型对于高带宽环境下新型移动通信软件研发具有较好的实践和推广价值。展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental and Commonwealth Geological Survey of Oil and Gas of China(Grant No.DD 20221662)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Program(Grant No.42302124).
文摘The Late Permian was marked by a series of important geological events and widespread organic-rich black shale depositions,acting as important unconventional hydrocarbon source rocks.However,the mechanism of organic matter(OM)enrichment throughout this period is still controversial.Based on geochemical data,the marine redox conditions,paleogeographic and hydrographic environment,primary productivity,volcanism,and terrigenous input during the Late Permian in the Lower Yangtze region have been studied from the Putaoling section,Chaohu,to provide new insights into OM accumulation.Five Phases are distinguished based on the TOC and environmental variations.In Phase I,anoxic conditions driven by water restriction enhanced OM preservation.In Phase II,euxinic and cycling hydrological environments were the two most substantial controlling factors for the massive OM deposition.During Phase III,intensified terrestrial input potentially diluted the OM in sediment and the presence of oxygen in bottom water weakened the preservation condition.Phase IV was characterized by a relatively higher abundance of mercury(Hg)and TOC(peak at 16.98 wt%),indicating that enhanced volcanism potentially stimulated higher productivity and a euxinic environment.In Phase V,extremely lean OM was preserved as a result of terrestrial dilutions and decreasing primary productivity.Phases I,II and IV are characterized as the most prominent OM-rich zones due to the effective interactions of the controlling factors,namely paleogeographic,hydrographic environment,volcanism,and redox conditions.
文摘The ultimate goal of single-cell analyses is to obtain the biomolecular content for each cell in unicellular and multicellular organisms at different points of their life cycle under variable environmental conditions.These require an assessment of:a)the total number of cells,b)the total number of cell types,and c)the complete and quantitative single molecular detection and identification for all classes of biopolymers,and organic and inorganic compounds,in each individual cell.For proteins,glycans,lipids,and metabolites,whose sequences cannot be amplified by copying as in the case of nucleic acids,the detection limit by mass spectrometry is about 105 molecules.Therefore,proteomic,glycomic,lipidomic,and metabolomic analyses do not yet permit the assembly of the complete single-cell omes.The construction of novel nanoelectrophoretic arrays and nano in microarrays on a single 1-cm-diameter chip has shown proof of concept for a high throughput platform for parallel processing of thousands of individual cells.Combined with dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry,with 3D scanning capability and lateral resolution of 50 nm,the sensitivity of single molecular quantification and identification for all classes of biomolecules could be reached.Further development and routine application of such technological and instrumentation solution would allow assembly of complete omes with a quantitative assessment of structural and functional cellular diversity at the molecular level.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11047030,11171055)Soft Science Program(112400430123)Basic and Forward Position Program of Henan Provincial Science and Technology Department(122300410385)
基金This project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41972161)the 2021 American Association of Petroleum Geologists Foundation Grants-in-Aid Program and Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(2020CX050103).
文摘To quantify the pore characteristics of various macerals in Chang 7 lacustrine shales,macerals were effectively identified according to their optical and morphological characteristics,and the nanoscale pore structure of macerals was observed by scanning electron microscope.Meanwhile,the reflectances of different positions in the same pieces of vitrinite or solid bitumen with heterogeneous pores development were measured.The results showed that the average contents of sapropelinite,liptinite,vitrinite,inertinite and solid bitumen are 42.7%,8.7%,13.6%,13.8% and 21.2%,respectively,which suggests that the source of the organic matter of the Chang 7 shales is a mixed source input.The organic pores of Chang 7 shales are enriched,and the pore shapes are mostly round or elliptical.The pore size of organic pores has a wide distribution,mainly concentrate in the range of 100-400 nm,and the average plane porosity of organic pores is 10.13%.The size order of the organic pores in various macerals is:solid bitumen<bituminite<alginite<vitrinite<fusinite<liptinite.The abundance order of organic matter pores of each maceral is as follows:alginite>fusinite>bituminite>solid bitumen>vitrinite>liptinite.OM pores are mainly contributed by bituminite,solid bitumen and fusinite.The plane porosity of bituminite increases with maturity.In the process of thermal evolution,the plane porosity of fusinite is distributed in the two ranges of 20%-28% and 1%-7%.The former is mainly the primary pores of the fusinite itself,and the latter is the secondary pores formed in the thermal evolution.As for the organic pores of other macerals,no obvious thermal evolution law was found.Meanwhile,the surface imperfections of vitrinite or solid bitumen is enhanced by the enrichment of organic pores(an increase in pore size or pore number),which may result in the underestimation of their reflectances.
文摘资源受限的移动设备因其有限的计算能力、存储资源、用户接口等,无法承载3G高带宽环境下丰富的移动网联网应用。通过借鉴云计算强大的计算和存储能力,提出一种"云+端"新型移动网联网应用研发模型:一方面,将复杂的逻辑计算和庞大的存储量交给能力强大的云计算平台处理;另一方面,OMS(open mobile system)作为云计算的"端"平台,能够与云计算平台无缝整合,为用户提供真正意义上的、丰富的、高效的、廉价的移动互联网应用。同时,模型对于高带宽环境下新型移动通信软件研发具有较好的实践和推广价值。
