Percent free prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer diagnosis in Chinese men with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL:Results from the Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium

Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort with a PSA level of 4.0e10.0 ng/mL in China.Methods:Consecutive patients with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy were enrolled at 16 Chinese medical centers from January 1st,2010 to December 31st,2013.Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed using three types of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays recalibrated to the World Health Organization(WHO)standard.The diagnostic accuracy of PSA,%fPSA,and %fPSA in combination with PSA(%fPSA t PSA)was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2310 consecutive men with PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL were included,and the detection rate of PCa was 25.1%.The AUC of%fPSA and %fPSA t PSA in predicting any PCa was superior to PSA alone in men aged≥60 years(0.623 vs.0.534,p<0.0001)but not in men aged 40e59 years(0.517 vs.0.518,p=0.939).Similar result was yield in predicting HGPCa.Conclusion:In a clinical setting of Chinese men with 4.0e10.0 ng/mL PSA undergoing initial prostate biopsy,adding %fPSA to PSA can moderately improve the diagnostic accuracy for any PCa and HGPCa compared with PSA alone in patients≥60 but not in patients aged 40-59 years.

Relative performance of novel blast wave mitigation system to conventional system based on mitigation percent criteria

Recent researches focused on developing robust blast load mitigation systems due to the threats of terrorist attacks.One of the main embraced strategies is the structural systems that use mitigation techniques.They are developed from a combination of structural elements and described herein as conventional systems.Among the promising techniques is that redirect the waves propagation through hollow tubes.The blast wave propagation through tubes provides an efficient system since it combines many blast wave phenomena,such as reflection,diffraction,and interaction.In this research,a novel blast load mitigation system,employed as a protection fence,is developed using a technique similar to the technique of the bent tube in manipulating the shock-wave.The relative performance of the novel system to the conventional system is evaluated based on mitigation percent criteria.Performances of both systems are calculated through numerical simulation.The proposed novel system proved to satisfy high performance in mitigating the generated blast waves from charges weight up to 500 kg TNT at relatively small standoff distances(5 m and 8 m).It mitigates at least 94%of the blast waves,which means that only 6%of that blast impulse is considered as the applied load on the targeted structure.

Analysis of Percent Elongation for Ductile Metal in Uniaxial Tension

Percent elongation of ductile metal in uniaxial tension due to non-homogeneity was analyzed based on gradient-dependent plasticity. Three assumptions are used to get the analytical solution of percent elongation: one is static equilibrium condition in axial direction; another is that plastic volumetric strain is zero in necking zone; the other is that the diameter in unloading zone remains constant after strain localization is initiated. The strain gradient term was introduced into the yield function of classical plastic mechanics to obtain the analytical solution of distributed plastic strain. Integrating the plastic strain and considering the influence of necking on plastic elongation, a one-dimensional analytical solution of percent elongation was proposed. The analytical solution shows that the percent elongation is inversely proportional to the gauge length, and the solution is formally similar to earlier empirical formula proposed by Barba. Comparisons of existing experimental results and present analytical solutions for relation between load and total elongation and for relation between percent elongation and gauge length were carried out and the new mechanical model for percent elongation was verified. Moreover, higher ductility, toughness and heterogeneity can cause much larger percentage elongation, which coincides with usual viewpoints.

THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PERCENT FREE PSA IN DIFFERENTIATING PROSTATE CANCER AND BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA

Objective To evaluate using prostate specific antigen (PSA) and percent free PSA(fPSA) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer(Pca) and benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH). Methods 315 men with BPH and 55 men with Pca were randomly chosen, serum fPSA and total PSA were determined by ELISA and then we compared the sensitivity and specificity of PSA and percent fPSA for the diagnosis of Pca. Results While using PSA and percent fPSA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the sensitivity was similar (89.8% vs. 94.5%, P> 0.05), but the specificity was significanty different (52.7% vs. 89.8%, P< 0.005). Conclusions Using percent fPSA might decrease false-positive and avoid 37.1% negative biopsies as compared with PSA, it is very valuable for the diagnosis of Pca.

Prediction of maximal heart rate percent during constant intensity efforts on trained subjects

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between %HRmax and %vVO2max at constant efforts made at different intensities. In randomized order, males healthy subjects (Age: 25 ± 7 years, Weight: 70 ± 11 kg, VO2max: 55 ± 8 ml·kg–1·min–1) were divided into two groups, a trained one with more than 3 training sessions per week (n = 10) a moderately trained one with 3 drives or less per week (n = 15). The difference between the two groups corresponds to a time to exhaustion above and below 40 min at 80% vVO2max. All subjects performed 5 tests with a gradual increase in speed of 1 km·h–1 every 2 min and 4 constant speed tests at 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% VO2max. All test were performed at the same time of day (i.e., 18:00 h). The results of this study showed that eighteen collective regressions including different independent variables were developed to predict %HRmax. The individual equations developed, have r values between 0.974 and 0.993 and Syx, between 1.2 and 1.9 ml·kg–1·min–1, they are more accurate than the collective equations (one equation for all subjects) with r values between 0.81 to 0.89 and Syx, between 4.1 and 5.3 ml·kg–1·min–1. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the model of predictions of %HRmax from %vVO2max in triangular tests were not appropriate for rectangular efforts. From the equations developed, we find that the time to exhaustion at 90% vVO2max is the best predictor of level of endurance then the time limit to 80% vVO2max.

China's CPI Eases to 4 Percent in October

China’s consumer price index (CPI), the main gauge of inflation, rose 4 percent in October from a year earlier, the National Bureau of Statistics said on Tuesday. The figure, compared with 4.6 percent in September, 4.9 percent in August,

China's Textile and Apparel Exports to US Increases 1.53 percent in 2009

2009 was a disappointing year to export sector. In January to November of 2009, China’s textile and garment exports fell by 11.02percent year on year to US $154.12 billion,

Percent body fat,but not body mass index,is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

Background:The epidemic of overweight and obesity has become a worldwide public health problem.Cardiometabolic diseases may originate in childhood.We investigated the association between percent body fat(PBF)measured by the bioelectrical impedance assay and cardiometabolic risk(CMR)in pediatrics.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved 3819 subjects(6-17 years old)in Shanghai.We assessed the association between PBF and body mass index(BMI)with multiple CMR factors.We examined the risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to overweight and obesity based on age-and sexspecific PBF Z-scores and BMI Z-scores,respectively.Results:PBF,but not BMI,was positively associated with multiple CMR factors in males and females except for total cholesterol in females(all p<0.05).Compared with the non-overweight group based on PBF,overweight and obese subjects had increasingly higher odds ratio of dyslipidemia(2.90(1.99-4.23),4.59(2.88-7.32)for males and 1.82(1.20-2.75),2.46(1.47-4.11)for females)and elevated blood pressure(BP)(3.26(2.35-4.51),4.55(2.92-7.09)for males and 1.59(1.07-2.34),3.98(2.27-6.17)for females).Obesity females showed a higher likelihood for hyperglycemia(2.19(1.24-3.84))than non-overweight females.In both sexes,the predictive effect of PBF on dyslipidemia and elevated BP in adolescents was better than that in children.For hyperglycemia,the predictive effect of PBF was better in male adolescents and female children.There was no risk difference for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to BMI-based obesity categories.Conclusions:PBF but not BMI was associated with CMR.Overweight and obesity categories based on PBF had an increased risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents.

3种类型烟草种质资源烟叶生物碱等化学成分差异性分析

为筛选能为科研、生产和育种利用的优异烟草种质资源。对来源于国内外的141份烤烟、18份白肋烟和6份雪茄烟的烟叶常规化学成分和主要生物碱进行检测、比较和聚类分析。结果表明:总糖和还原糖含量以烤烟最高,总氮、烟碱和氧化钾以白肋烟种质最高。总植物碱和烟碱含量以烤烟种质自来黄2243最高,雪茄烟种质Dutch(Ohio)最低;降烟碱和烟碱转化率以烤烟种质平板柳叶最高,以烤烟种质二性子和白肋烟种质Burley11B最低。聚类分析将165份种质分成4类,烤烟种质主要集中在第1和第4类,其主要特征是总糖和还原糖含量较高,烟碱转化率较低;第2类的总糖和还原糖含量低,总氮、总植物碱和氧化钾含量高;第3类的烟碱和总植物碱含量低,降烟碱含量高,烟碱转化率高。不同类型种质资源的化学成分和生物碱差异明显,筛选出的不同梯度烟碱的种质可为烟碱的进一步研究提供材料支撑。

绿化覆盖率对城市绿地破碎度与地表温度的关系的影响

优化绿地空间配置(如破碎度)是改善城市热环境的有效途径。然而绿地破碎度对城市热环境的影响可能随绿化覆盖率的变化而变化,对改善城市热环境提出了巨大挑战,但相关研究十分缺乏。以长沙市为例,利用Landsat地表温度表征城市热环境,使用解译于高分2号遥感影像的城市绿地图在1 m像元尺度量化绿化覆盖率和绿地破碎度(用绿地边界密度表征)。以419个1 km格网为分析单元,应用分段线性回归揭示绿化覆盖率与绿地破碎度间的非线性关系,识别绿化覆盖率阈值并以此为标准将419个1 km格网划分为高绿化覆盖率区和低绿化覆盖率区。以1 km格网平均地表温度为因变量,绿化覆盖率、绿地破碎度、水体覆盖率和裸地覆盖率为自变量从研究区、高绿化覆盖率区和低覆盖率区3个方面建立多元线性回归模型阐明绿地破碎度对地表温度的影响。最后进行方差分解分析绿化覆盖率、绿地破碎度和其他土地覆盖率对地表温度的独立和联合影响。结果显示,1)绿地破碎度随绿化覆盖率的增加先增加后降低,阈值为44.9%。2)整个研究区,4个指标可解释69.1%的地表温度变异,地表温度随绿化覆盖率、水体覆盖率、裸地覆盖率和绿地破碎度的增加显著降低。3)低绿化覆盖率下绿地破碎度显著影响地表温度,高绿化覆盖率下绿地破碎度对地表温度呈不显著正影响。4)在研究区和不同绿化覆盖率区域,绿化覆盖率对地表温度的独立影响均高于绿地破碎度的独立影响。建议长沙城市绿地规划管理在提高绿化覆盖率的同时可提高低绿化覆盖率区域绿地破碎度以改善城市热环境。

餐厨沼液滴灌水盐调控对土壤环境和西兰花产量的影响

为探究和评价餐厨沼液滴灌对土壤环境和作物生长的影响,通过盆栽试验研究氮磷钾等浓度施用条件下,滴灌水盐调控不同土壤水基质势水平[-20 kPa(W)和-30 kPa(P)]和餐厨沼液比例[0%(0)、10%(1)、16.7%(2)、25%(3)和33.3%(4)]对土壤盐分、无机氮含量和西兰花生长的影响。结果表明:土壤水基质势水平对土壤盐分有显著的影响,与P相比,W降低表层土壤饱和泥浆提取液电导率(ECe)13.0%;土壤ECe随沼液比例的增加而升高,33.3%沼液处理比其他处理高23.1%~46.8%。沼液比例对土壤铵态氮含量影响显著,0%沼液处理表层铵态氮是其他处理的2.2~3.0倍;餐厨沼液灌溉会降低西兰花产量,P_(2)、P_(3)和P_(4)处理下降显著。综合评价结果表明:W与P差异不显著,沼液比例越高影响越大,P_(0)处理与W_(1)、W_(2)和P_(1)处理差异不显著,但显著高于W_(3)、W_(4)、P_(2)、P_(3)和P_(4)处理。在等浓度施用氮磷钾条件下,餐厨沼液滴灌水盐调控仍会增加土壤盐分,降低土壤铵态氮含量和西兰花产量,但在控制土壤盐分和增加餐厨沼液可施用比例方面,-20 kPa明显优于-30 kPa。

观察距离与上前牙宽度比例的相关性

目的:研究平视时不同观察距离与上前牙宽度比例关系的变化规律,为研究及临床确定上前牙宽度提供参考。方法:以牙体形态正常、牙列整齐、微笑美观的男生及女生的天然牙列作为研究对象,制取上、下颌牙石膏模型,分别在20、40、80、60、110、140 cm的距离拍摄上颌牙模正面照片,在AutoCAD 2015中进行测量,以P=0.05为检验水准,各组均数经检验符合正态分布后,左、右侧均数比较采用配对设计均数比较的t检验,不同距离拍摄的上前牙视觉宽度比值均数的比较采用随机区组设计资料的方差分析。结果:20 cm距离拍摄组上前牙宽度比例与其他距离拍摄的上前牙宽度比例间差异有统计学意义,40 cm及以上距离拍摄组上前牙宽度比例间差异无统计学意义。临床常用观察距离(60 cm),上颌侧切牙与中切牙比值为0.75±0.05,上颌尖牙与侧切牙比值为0.81±0.07;上颌前牙宽度百分比为:右尖牙(12.28±0.56)%,右侧切牙(15.61±0.71)%,右中切牙(21.42±0.78)%,左中切牙(21.57±0.67)%,左侧切牙(16.12±0.83)%,左尖牙(12.99±0.87)%。结论:平视时40 cm及以上的观察距离对上前牙宽度比例无影响,研究或临床上观察上前牙宽度时,应在研究对象的正前方,观察距离以大于40 cm为宜。

中国社会科学生产方式:来自教育财政领域的观察

本文首先提出了我国社会科学生产方式的体制学和动力学分析的概念,在此基础上提出一个“四性混合”即涵盖政治性功能、行政性治理、学术性策略和技术性条件的分析框架,继而应用此框架分析了历史上发生的3个真实研究事件——也即“4%政策目标”提出背后的研究事件、与“4%政策目标”相关的公共教育支出统计可比性研究和一个关于公共教育支出占GDP比例的国际文献综述研究——以阐明我国教育财政研究的知识生产过程的影响因素。本文最后讨论了关于中国教育财政研究的自主知识体系构建和研究范式问题的初步思考。

巴西排日运动与1934年《百分之二限额法案》的颁布

1931年日本悍然发动了“九一八”事变,其帝国主义侵略行径遭到巴西的抵制,同时也引发了巴西国内针对日侨群体的猜疑和排斥。在巴西民族主义的语境下,“黄祸论”“不易被同化论”等种族主义论调频繁出现,针对日本移民的扩张阴谋论流行开来。1933年年底,限制外来移民的宪法修正案提案引发了巴西国内排日派和挺日派的激烈争论。1934年5月24日,巴西国会通过了《百分之二限额法案》,并将其列入《1934年宪法》,这是近代以来巴西第一次对所有外来移民采取限制措施,也是首次将限制移民入境写进宪法,确立了国籍来源的移民配额制度。作为20世纪30年代初增长最为迅猛的外来移民群体,日本移民受该法案的冲击最大。对此,日本政府积极打经贸亲善牌,开启了“棉花换移民”外交,以缓和改善日巴关系;而日本媒体和巴西日侨对该法案的颁布表示强烈不满,他们用实际行动反击排日言论。该法案对日本在巴西的投资置地和移民活动都产生了消极影响。

填料与CTST塔盘级配提高催化装置分馏精度的研究

介绍了板式和填料催化裂化装置分馏塔的特点及中国石油化工股份有限公司沧州分公司催化裂化装置分馏塔改造情况。经过顶循塔板更换填料、汽柴油分离段塔板更换填料等改造,形成填料与立体传质塔板(CTST)级配,分馏塔压降由0.049MPa降至0.041MPa,汽油终馏点由201.8℃提高至204.6℃,汽柴油重叠度降低,提高了分馏精度,汽油收率提高2.5个百分点,取得了良好的经济效益。装置改造后,分馏塔顶循段未发生结盐问题,装置运行正常。

2818例未产女性孕前体成分特点的现况分析

目的了解未产女性孕前体成分的分布特征,为孕前女性优生保健提供指导。方法选取2020年1月至2023年8月于我院就诊的2818例孕前未产女性作为研究对象,采用生物电阻抗的方法进行体成分检测。结果2818例孕前未产女性平均年龄(28.55±3.27)岁,平均体质量指数(BMI)(22.46±3.59)kg/m^(2)。高达70.09%(1975例)的孕前女性体脂百分比高于正常值,体脂百分比正常者仅占28.57%(805例)。根据体成分特征进行分型,高体脂正常肌肉型占比最高为39.78%(1121/2818),其次为高体脂低肌肉型24.80%(700/2818),而正常体脂正常肌肉型仅占14.02%(395/2818)。按年龄分组分析,肥胖相关指标(BMI、内脏脂肪面积、腰围、臂围)在不同年龄组间有显著差异(P<0.05),表现为25~<30岁组年龄段最低,之后随年龄增加而增加。低肌肉型(骨骼肌占比<90%)的孕前女性占比在各年龄段中均超过50%。BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)(39.57%,55/139)和腰围≥80 cm(51.80%,72/139)的孕前女性在≥35岁年龄段比例最高(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,BMI与体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积、腰围、臂围之间呈显著正相关(r>0.80,P<0.001)。结论孕前未产女性主要表现为高体脂百分比体型,尤其年龄≥35岁的女性,以腹型肥胖为主。积极开展孕前女性体成分分析有助于更精准地识别潜在肥胖人群、降低超重/肥胖对育龄期女性健康以及母婴健康的远期影响,便于为孕前优生保健提供指导。

针刺阳陵泉穴对缺血性卒中患者百分比振幅变化的影响

目的 基于功能性磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术,观察针刺阳陵泉对右侧缺血性卒中患者百分比振幅(percent amplitude of fluctuation,PerAF)变化的影响。方法 纳入右侧缺血性卒中患者28例(观察组),并募集与患者性别和年龄相匹配的健康受试者28例(对照组)。观察组分别进行静息态及针刺阳陵泉后静息态fMRI扫描,对照组仅进行静息态fMRI扫描。计算两组全脑体素的PerAF。结果观察组静息态左侧楔前叶PerAF值高于对照组静息态(GRF校正,体素水平P<0.001,团块水平P<0.05,双尾);观察组针刺后左侧楔前叶PerAF值与对照组静息态比较有升高有降低(GRF校正,体素水平P<0.001,团块水平P<0.05,双尾),观察组针刺后左侧枕中回、右侧角回和右侧中扣带回PerAF值较对照组静息态降低(GRF校正,体素水平P<0.001,团块水平P<0.05,双尾)。观察组针刺后右侧中扣带回PerAF值较观察组静息态降低(GRF校正,体素水平P<0.001,团块水平P<0.05,双尾)。结论 右侧缺血性卒中患者静息态左侧楔前叶PerAF值高于健康者,针刺阳陵泉穴可调节右侧缺血性卒中患者多个脑区PerAF值,右侧中扣带回可能是其发挥脑效应机制潜在脑区。