Novel interface engineering of LDH-based materials on Mg alloy for efficient photocatalytic systems considering the geometrical linearity of condensed phosphates

This study presents a facile and rapid method for synthesizing novel Layered Double Hydroxide(LDH)nanoflakes,exploring their application as a photocatalyst,and investigating the influence of condensed phosphates'geometric linearity on their photocatalytic properties.Herein,the Mg O film,obtained by plasma electrolysis of AZ31 Mg alloys,was modified by growing an LDH film,which was further functionalized using cyclic sodium hexametaphosphate(CP)and linear sodium tripolyphosphate(LP).CP acted as an enhancer for flake spacing within the LDH structure,while LP changed flake dispersion and orientation.Consequently,CP@LDH demonstrated exceptional efficiency in heterogeneous photocatalysis,effectively degrading organic dyes like Methylene blue(MB),Congo red(CR),and Methyl orange(MO).The unique cyclic structure of CP likely enhances surface reactions and improves the catalyst's interaction with dye molecules.Furthermore,the condensed phosphate structure contributes to a higher surface area and reactivity in CP@LDH,leading to its superior photocatalytic performance compared to LP@LDH.Specifically,LP@LDH demonstrated notable degradation efficiencies of 93.02%,92.89%,and 88.81%for MB,MO,and CR respectively,over a 40 min duration.The highest degradation efficiencies were observed in the case of the CP@LDH sample,reporting 99.99%for MB,98.88%for CR,and 99.70%for MO.This underscores the potential of CP@LDH as a highly effective photocatalyst for organic dye degradation,offering promising prospects for environmental remediation and water detoxification applications.

About New Inorganic Polymers-Double Condensed Phosphates of Silver and Trivalent Metals

A distinctive feature of phosphates is their special and significant ability to form inorganic polymeric compounds---condensed phosphates, which are destined to play a considerable role in our ＂high-tech＂ society in the future. Numerous olygophosphates, polyphosphates, double condensed phosphates and cyclophosphates with diverse formula, such as double tetra-, octa- and dodecaphosphates were obtained and described by us last years. The offered data are the outcomes of our scientific researches： of synthesis, analysis, and estimation of results in correlation with new achievements in inorganic polymer＇s chemistry. Many double condensed compounds, containing monovalent metals are obtained by us during systematic investigation of polycomponent systems, containing mono- and trivalent metals at temperature range 100-600 ~C. Synthesised condensed phosphates, in fact--inorganic polymers were examined in detail by chemical and thermogravimetric analysis, most compounds were examined by paper chromatography and the structures are determined by X-ray structural techniques/diffraction analysis. During our fundamental researches numerous new （about 70） unknown until now condensed phosphates have been obtained. Dependency of composition VS temperature and molar ratio, reliance of structure from duration of synthesis and radius of the ions are revealed.

Molecular Dynamics Study on Configuration Energy and Radial Distribution Functions of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphates Solution

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the configuration energy and radial distribution functions of mmonium dihydrogen phosphate solution at different temperatures. The dihydrogen phosphate ion was treated as a seven-site model and the ammonium ion was regarded as a five-site model, while a simple-point-charge model for water molecule. An unusually local particle number density fluctuation was observed in the system at saturation temperature. It can be found that the potential energy increases slowly with the temperature from 373 K to 404 K, which indicates that the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate has partly decomposed. The radial distribution function between the hydrogen atom of ammonium cation and the oxygen atom of dihydrogen phosphate ion at three different temperatures shows obvious difference, which indicates that the average H-bond number changes obviously with the temperature. The temperature has an influence on the combination between hydrogen atoms and phosphorus atoms of dihydrogen phosphate ion and there are much more growth units at saturated solutions.

Microbially induced deposition of barium phosphates and its ingredient,morphology and size under different pH values

A phosphate-mineralization microbe was used to induce barium phosphates precipitation, and the precipitates with different types were obtained under different pH values. The average crystallite size of the barium phosphates was calculated by particle size distribution curves, and the size of the products was 33.40, 29. 37, 24. 13, 47.76 and 96. 53 μm when the pH values of the mixed solution are 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） show that the structures of the particles controlled by the mixed solution are mainly BaaPO4 when pH 〈 10; the barium phosphates are synthesized by biological deposition which is the mixture of BaHPO4 and Ba5 （PO4）3OH when pH = 10; when pH = 11, the barium phosphates are also the mixtures, which are Ba5 （PO4）3OH and BaNaPO4. The above results indicate that the phosphate-mineralization microbe can produce a certain enzyme which constantly hydrolyzes phosphate monoester in the mixed solution, and then PO4^3- ions are obtained.

Molecular Dynamics Study on Microstructure of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphates Solution

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the internal energy and microstructure of potassium dihydrogen phosphates （KDP） solution at different temperatures. The water molecule was treated as a simple-point-charge model, while a seven-site model for the dihydrogen phosphate ion was adopted. The internal energy functions and the radial distribution functions of the solution were studied in detail. An unusually large local particle number density fluctuation was observed in the system at saturation temperature. It has been found that the specific heat of oversaturated solution is higher than that of unsaturated solution, which indicates the solution experiences a crystallization process below saturation temperature. The radial distribution function between the oxygen atom of water and the hydrogen atom of the dihydrogen phosphate ion shows a very strong hydrogen bond structure. There are strong interactions between potassium cation and oxygen atom of dihydrogen phosphate ion in KDP solution, and much more ion pairs were formed in saturated solution.

Influence of different phosphates on adsorption and leaching of Cu and Zn in red soil

Batch and soil column experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of KH2PO4, （NH4）H2PO4and Ca（H2PO4）2on the adsorption and leaching characteristics of Cu and Zn in red soil. The results show that all the three phosphates can greatly improve the adsorption capacity of red soil for Cu and Zn, and the effect of different phosphates on Cu and Zn adsorption follows the order of Ca（H2PO4）2〉KH2PO4〉（NH4）H2PO4. The addition of phosphate has little effect on the mobility of Cu. Ca（H2PO4）2and （NH4）H2PO4 show a strong ability in immobilizing Zn while the immobilization ability of KH2PO4 is much weaker. All the three phosphates are helpful for modifying the partitioning of Cu and Zn from the non-residual phase to the residual phase; however, they could also enhance the contents of Cu and Zn associated with exchangeable and carbonates fractions.

Synthesis of Titanium Phosphates with Additives and Their Powder Properties for Cosmetics

As a white pigment, titanium oxide is used for cosmetic application. This oxide is well known to have the photo catalytic activity. Therefore a certain degree of sebum is decomposed by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, titanium phosphates were prepared with additives (urea, sodium lactate, and glycerin) as a novel white pigment. Their chemical composition, powder properties, photo catalytic activity, moisture retention, and smoothness were studied. These white pigments had little photo catalytic activity. The addition of sodium lactate and glycerin improved the moisture retention of titanium phosphates. The slipping resistance of samples became small by the addition of sodium lactate and glycerin. The roughness of samples became small by heating.

Extraction of Metal(Ti,V,Mo)-oxyl Cations by Monoacidic Phosphates and Phosphonates

The extraction of TiO2+, VO2+, VO2+ and NoO22+ by HDEHP, HEHEHP and HDTMPP was studied respectively. The orders of extraction ability for the three extractant systems are as follows: for TiO2+, VO2+: HDEHP>HEHEHP>HDTMPP; and for VO2+, MoO22+: HDEHP<HEHEHP<HDTMPP. The experimental results were discussed from the point of view of extractant structures.

Structure of Metal Aluminophosphates:Al_(9-x)M_xP_(12)O_(48)(TREN)_4·yNH_4·zH_2O [TREN=N(CH_2CH_2NH_3)H_m,M=Mn,Co]

Two large-pore metal-doped aluminophosphates, Mn4Al5（PO4 ）12[N（ C2H4NH3）3]3 [ N（C2H4NH3）2·（C2H4NH2）]（NH4）2·14H=O（Mn4-NJU） and Co4Al5（PO4）12[N（C2H,NH3）3][N（C2H4NH3）2（C2H4NH2）]3· （ NH4 ）4· 13H2O （ Co4-NJU） , which have the same open framework structures, were hydrothermally synthesized. The structures of these compounds consist of TO4 tetrahedra, which are linked together by corner-sharing to form an open framework with unique intersecting twelve-membered ring channels in three dimensions. The compounds crystallize in cubic space group I（-4）3m with α= 1. 6795（2） nm and V=4. 7374（9） nm^3 for Mn4-NJU, and a=1. 67372（19） nm and V = 4. 6887 （9） nm^3 for Co4-NJU, respectively. Single crystal structure analyses show that the protruding O atoms of the frameworks of the compounds are linked to protonated 4-（ 2-aminoethyl ）diethylenetriamine （TREN, C6H18N4 ） ions in the windows by means of hydrogen-bonding under the hydrothermal condition. It is also found that the components inside the super cages of the compounds are changeable, and the metal ions M^2＋ （M = Mn, Co） and Al^3＋ disorderedly occupy the same crystallographic positions.

A new method of immobilizing ionic liquids into layered zirconium phosphates

In this work, a new method of a series of ion liquids (ILs) 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Cnmim]Cl (n = 2, 4, 6, 8) intercalation into layered zirconium phosphates was investigated. It was found that the α-ZrP·2BA (i.e. pre-intercalated BA was arranged in a bilayer mode in the galleries of α-ZrP) was a suitable host for intercalation ILs: ILs was inserted through exchanging pre-intercalated BA. And the intercalation orientation was investigated by use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments and molecular modeling calculation.

Changes in Human Plasma and Erythrocyte Inorganic Phosphates During the Perioperative Period

Changes n plasma and red blood cell inorganic phosphates (RBC-Pi)and serum insulin were serially cyamined in 19 patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery using intravenous procainebalanced anesthesia. Plasma Pifell at 60-90 min after the beginning of operation and 10 min by the end of operation with siguificant concomitant rise in RBC-Pi (P<0.001). Serum insulin showeo no obvious changes during the operative period, while rose significantly 24 hours after surgery (P< 0.001).The result seemed to be favorable to inteporet shifting of pi from plasma into RBCs and consistent reductions in plasma Pi during and after operation.

A Simulated Test of Algal Influence of Formation and Deposition of Phosphates

This paper deals with a simulated test of biogenic mineralization made with a blue-green alga species,Spirulina platensix. The data in the experiment were recorded by a computerized surveying system. The influ-ence of algae on the accumulation of phosphorus by changing their microenvironment to promote the forma-tion and deposition of phosphate was studied. The results show that the pH value of cultural liquor rose up to 10 and the redox potential (Eh) may dropby 100-200 mV during the algal logarithmic growth stage, and the cultrual liquor was changed into a mediumwith a weakly reducing condition. At the end of the logarithmic growth stage white deposits of Na_2Ca(CO_3)_2·5H_2O and Ca_2Mg (PO_4)_2·2H_2O were formed on the floor of cultural containers. The test presented a wduableevidence for the theory of biogenic mineralization.

Mass Spectrometric Study of Clusters Produced by Laser Vaporization of Some Phosphates

The clusters generated by direct laser vaporization of KH2PO4 and Cu-3(PO4)(2) samples are studied by a TOF mass spectrometer. It is found that mainly the [K(KPO3)(n)]* cluster series is generated from KH2PO4 sample and it demonstrates obvious magic numbers, which are n=3, 6, 9, 12, 15. Direct laser vaporization of Cu-3(PO4)(2) sample produced [Cu(CuPO3)n]* cluster series as well as other series with the same building block of (CUPO3).

Thermochemistry of Heteroatomic Compounds: the Heats of Combustion and Formation of Glycoside and Adenosine Phosphates

The heats of combustion of 4th glycoside in the condensed state with the use of the equation ΔcombH=15.7-117.2(N-g) , in which N is a number bond-forming (valence) electrons less the number (g) of lone electron pairs of nitrogen (g = 1) and oxygen (g = 2), have been determined. Such dependence is deduced previously joint for the description of the combustion enthalpies of 17 simple ethers of a cyclic structure and different sugars. The heats of formation ( ΔfHo ) of the mentioned above glycosides were calculated according to the Hess law via two ways: 1) through the use their heats of hydrolysis ( ΔhydrH ), which have been investigated earlier experimentally, 2) with the use the calculated the heats of combustion. The last procedure has been used also for the calculation of the heats of formation of the adenosine tri(ATP)-, di(ADP)- and mono(AMP)phosphates because of such thermochemical parameter is often hard achieved experimentally. The heats of hydrolysis ( ΔfH°hydr ) of ATP into ADP and ADP into AMP were calculated on the basis of their heats of formation in water ( ΔfH°aq ). The free energies of the same process ( ΔhydrG ) were known in literature. Last circumstance give us a possibility to calculate the hydrolysis entropies ( ΔhydrS ) using the Gibbs equation. The entropy values are a large negative, that pointed on the preliminary complex formation between adenosine phosphates and water before the breaking of P-O bonds or P-O-C fragments in its.

SYNTHESIS OF NEW CYCLIC PHOSPHATES OF 3-HYDROXYISOXAZOLE AND THEIR DIASTEREOMERS

Keeping in view the biological activities of 3-hydroxyisoxa- zole and cyclic phosphate derivatives,some compounds possessing these two moieties have been synthesized,the structural elucidation of these diastereomers was made depending on spectral analyses.The mechanism could be illustrated by the theories of trigonal bipyramide intermediate and pseudorotation.

A Preliminary Study on Cactus as Flocculants in Water Recycling from Moroccan Phosphates Schlamms

In this work we used a new organic biodegradable flocculants which is the cactus cladodes juice in order to recycle water from phosphate schlamms. This flocculants has enabled us to increase the settling velocity of the schlamms so consequently the water recycled degree. The study was conducted on an industrial sample of phosphates schlamms from Khouribga phosphates washing plant. The study was about the influence of concentration, pH, and velocity gradient with cactus extract leads to satisfactory results in term of settling decantation, and in water recycling degree which is 93%.

A Mild and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Acylals from Aromatic Aldehydes and Their Deprotections Catalyzed by Synthetic Phosphates under Solvent-Free Conditions

An efficient and clean preparation of acylals from aromatic aldehydes in the presence of synthetic phosphates (flourapatite and hydroxyapatite doped with ZnCl2 and ZnBr2) and acetic anhydride was achieved easily in high yields (86% - 97%) at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. Deprotection of the resulting acylals has also been attained by using the same catalysts under microwave irradiation. This method consistently has advantage of excellent yields (82% - 96%) and a short reaction time (3 - 4 min).

Influence of pH and Ultrasonic Treatment on Preparation of Titanium Phosphates and Their Powder Properties

Titanium oxide that has the photocatalytic activity is used as the white pigment for cosmetics. A certain degree of sebum on the skin is decomposed by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, as a novel white pigment, titanium phosphates were prepared from titanium sulfate and phosphoric acid at pH 5, 7, and 9, with/without ultrasonic treatment for cosmetics. Their chemical composition, powder properties, photocatalytic activity, color phase, moisture retention, and smoothness were studied. These titanium phosphates had less photocatalytic activity to protect the sebum on the skin. Sample prepared at pH 7 without ultrasonic treatment had higher moisture retention than other samples. All samples obtained in this work had the suitable smoothness for cosmetics.

Harmful Effects on African Clawed Frog （Xenopus laevis） Reproduction as Expression of High Water Phosphates Levels

Amphibians are considered as reliable indicators of environmental quality. In Europe, a general decline of amphibians population parallels a worldwide decline, and some of the factors which are thought to be responsible to this decline are habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, disease and decreasing water quality. Recent investigations suggest that these eutrophic conditions may be associated with frog reproduction problems. Water quality criteria settled for the different species of amphibians do not currently exist, but in the present paper, the authors report their observation about water phosphate concentrations in association with hipofertility in African clawed frogs （Xenopus laevis）. The study considered two different groups of African clawed frog showing hypofertility （22 patients） hosted in captivity. The animals were visited, and the filtration systems functionality and the water quality were checked, i.e., temperature, pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphates, hardness and alkalinity. In the first group, it was decided to perform ultrasound scans, parasitological tests on fecal samples, and microscopical/macroscopical examination, as well as microbiological analysis on collected oocytes. In the second group, only fecal samples were collected in order to perform parasitologiacal exams. No pathological findings were showed by veterinary tests. Water changes were carried out in both facilities and after two months, the fertility in African clawed frogs improved, evidencing the involvement of phosphates values in the onset of the problem and even more in its resolution. More studies are needed to further define this correlation.

Preparation of Titanium Phosphates with Sodium Triphosphate in Hydrothermal Process and Their Powder Properties for Cosmetics

As a white pigment, titanium oxide is used for cosmetic application. This oxide is well known to have the photo catalytic activity. Therefore, a certain degree of sebum on the skin is decomposed by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, titanium phosphates were prepared with titanium chloride and sodium triphosphate in hydrothermal process as a novel white pigment. Their chemical composition, powder properties, photo catalytic activity, color phase, and smoothness were studied. The obtained phosphates had little photo catalytic activity. The particle size of phosphate pigments consisted a normal distribution at 2 μm by the hydrothermal treatment for 4 and 8 hours. The slipping resistance of samples became small by the hydrothermal treatment.