Luteolin affects the EMT transformation and cell biological behavior of osteosarcoma U2OS cells via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the effect of luteolin on the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and its molecular mechanism by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-kappa B(PI3K/AKT/NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods:U2OS cells were treated in different concentrations(10,20 and 40μmol/L)of luteolin.MTT was used to detect the effect of luteolin on the proliferation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells.Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the influence of luteolin on migration of U2OS cells.qPCR was used to detect the influence of luteolin on the mRNA expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-2 in U2OS cells.Western blot was used to observe the change of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-IKK and NF-κB proteins.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the influence of luteolin on the protein expression of E-cadherin and vimentim.Results:Luteolin inhibited significantly the proliferation of U2OS cells(P<0.05)in a time-concentration-dependent manner.Luteolin inhibited significantly the migration of U2OS cells(P<0.05).After treatment with luteolin,the mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-2 was increased significantly(P<0.05),but Bcl-2 was reduced significantly(P<0.05)in U2OS cells.The protein expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-IKK,NF-κB,E-cadherin and vimentin was decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:Luteolin inhibits the proliferation,migration and EMT transformation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells,which may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hypoglycemic mechanism of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice by altering gut microbiota and regulating the PI3K-akt signaling pathwaye

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.

Wedelolactone attenuates sepsis-associated acute liver injury by regulating the macrophage M1/M2 polarization balance through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway

Background:Liver injury caused by sepsis seriously impairs the normal physiology of the liver.Wedelactone(WED)has an obvious anti-inflammatory effect against liver damage caused by various factors.Nevertheless,further research is needed to determine if WED might mitigate acute liver damage linked to sepsis by influencing macrophage polarization.Methods:We first assessed the effect of WED on lipopolysaccharides-triggered liver injury by biochemistry assay and tissue staining.Inflammatory factors were assessed using the ELISA kits.The expression of Cluster of Differentiation 86(CD86)and Cluster of Differentiation 206(CD206)was measured by immunofluorescence assay.The protein levels of inducible nitric oxide sythase(iNOS),Arginase 1(Arg-1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),PI3K phosphorylation(p-PI3K),AKT phosphorylation(p-AKT),inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK),inhibitor of kappa B(IκB),and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 were quantified by western blot analysis.Results:WED decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and malondialdehyde,and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX).Moreover,WED exerted effective anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the level of Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and Interleukin 6(IL-6)and increasing the level of Interleukin 10(IL-10)in serum and cells.WED not only decreased CD86 and iNOS expression but also increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression.WED also downregulated the increased expression of PI3K,AKT,p-PI3K,p-AKT,IKK,and NF-κB p65 induced by lipopolysaccharides,while up-regulated the decreased expression of IκB.Besides,LY294002 with WED decreased the expression of protein PI3K,AKT,p-PI3K,p-AKT,IKK and NF-κB p65,and raised the expression of IκBα.Conclusion:Wedelolactone could attenuate sepsis-associated acute liver injury,and its mechanism may be associated with balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory by the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Melatonin improves synapse development by PI3K/Akt signaling in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.

The bioinformatics and metabolomics research on anti-hypoxic molecular mechanisms of Salidroside via regulating the PTEN mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway

Salidroside(SAL),a major bioactive compound of Rhodiola crenulata,has significant anti-hypoxia effect,however,its underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated.In order to explore the protective mechanism of SAL,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and hypoxia-induced factor 1α(HIF-1α)were measured to establish the PC12 cell hypoxic model.Cell staining and cell viability analyses were performed to evaluate the protective effects of SAL.The metabolomics and bioinformatics methods were used to explore the protective effects of salidroside under hypoxia condition.The metabolite-protein interaction networks were further established and the protein expression level was examined by Western blotting.The results showed that 59 endogenous metabolites changed and the expression of the hub proteins of CK2,p-PTEN/PTEN,PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 were increased,suggesting that SAL could increase the expression of CK2,which induced the phosphorylation and inactivation of PTEN,reduced the inhibitory effect on PI3K signaling pathways and activated the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB survival signaling pathway.Our study provided an important insight to reveal the protective molecular mechanism of SAL as a novel drug candidate.

木糖醇通过调节PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/NF-κB通路改善2型糖尿病小鼠肾损伤

目的探究木糖醇改善2型糖尿病(T2DM)肾损伤的作用机制。方法将小鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病对照组(DC组)、10%木糖醇组(DX10组)、20%木糖醇组(DX20组),每组6只。除NC组外,其余各组小鼠均用链脲佐菌素(40 mg/kg)构建T2DM模型。造模成功后,在正常饲料中加入不同比例的木糖醇连续喂养8周。通过试剂盒检测小鼠空腹血糖(FBG);采用ELISA法测定血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;比色法检测肾组织过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC);苏木精-伊红(H-E)染色观察肾组织的形态学变化;Western-blot法检测小鼠肾组织p-PI3K、PI3K、p-Akt、Akt、p-FoxO1、FoxO1、NF-κB、ICAM-1、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达情况。结果(1)与NC组比较,DC组FBG升高(P<0.01),木糖醇干预后下降,且DX20组下降更显著(P<0.05);(2)与NC组比较,DC组IL-6和TNF-α分泌增加(P<0.0001),木糖醇干预后均下降,且DX20组下降更显著(P<0.0001);(3)与NC组比较,DC组CAT和T-AOC活性下降、MDA含量升高(P<0.01),木糖醇干预后,CAT和T-AOC活性升高而MDA含量降低(P<0.05),且DX20组变化更显著(P<0.05);(4)H-E染色显示,木糖醇干预可改善小鼠糖尿病肾损伤,且DX20组效果更佳(P<0.05);(5)Western-blot检测显示,与NC组比较,DC组小鼠肾组织中p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-FoxO1和Bcl-2/Bax均降低(P<0.0001,P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.001)、NF-κB入核增多(P<0.0001)、ICAM-1升高(P<0.01);与DC组比较,木糖醇干预可逆转相关蛋白的变化,且DX20组变化更显著(P<0.05)。结论木糖醇可通过活化PI3K/Akt/FoxO1及抑制NF-κB通路改善T2DM小鼠肾损伤。

基于PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路探讨加味升降散对糖尿病肾病小鼠肾损伤的干预机制

目的:基于PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路探讨加味升降散对糖尿病肾病小鼠肾损伤的干预机制。方法:将30只db/db小鼠按照体质量分层法随机分为模型组,加味升降散低、中、高剂量组和培哚普利组,每组6只;6只db/m小鼠为空白组。小鼠自由饮食饮水,连续喂养12周,收集样品。采用全自动生化仪检测小鼠血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN);ELISA法检测小鼠24 h尿白蛋白、NGAL、TNF-α、IL-1β、VCAM-1、MCP-1、HbA1c;Western blot法检测小鼠p-PI3K、p-NF-κB p65、p-Akt蛋白含量;观察肾脏病理变化。结果:与模型组比较,加味升降散可使db/db小鼠的血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)下降,24 h尿白蛋白减少,NGAL、HbA1c水平降低,TNF-α、IL-1β、VCAM-1、MCP-1等炎症因子的表达量降低,并能上调p-PI3K、p-Akt的表达水平(P<0.05),抑制p-NF-κB p65蛋白的活化(P<0.05);加味升降散能改善糖尿病肾病小鼠肾小管上皮细胞及肾小球毛细血管、基底膜的损伤,修复受损的足细胞。结论:加味升降散可能通过调节PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路,使肾脏炎症反应减轻,修复足细胞损伤,从而起到治疗糖尿病肾病的作用。

Alleviatory effect of isoquercetin on benign prostatic hyperplasia via IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

We evaluated the effect of isoquercetin(quercetin-O-3-glucoside-quercetin,IQ)as a functional component of Abeliophyllum disistichum Nakai ethanol extract(ADLE)on prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis and its effects on the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Metabolites in ADLE were analyzed using UHPLC-qTOF-MS and HPLC.IQ was orally administered(1 or 10 mg/kg)to a testosterone propionate-induced BPH rat model,and its effects on the prostate weight were evaluated.The effect of IQ on androgen receptor(AR)signaling was analyzed in LNCaP cells.Whether IGF-1 and IQ affect the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in BPH-1 cells was also examined.The metabolites in ADLE were identified and quantified,which confirmed that ADLE contained abundant IQ(20.88 mg/g).IQ significantly reduced the prostate size in a concentration-dependent manner in a BPH rat model,and significantly decreased the expression of AR signaling factors in the rat prostate tissue and LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner.IQ also inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activated by IGF-1 treatment in BPH-1 cells.In BPH-1 cells,IQ led to G0/G1 arrest and suppressed the expression of proliferation factors while inducing apoptosis.Thus,IQ shows potential for use as a pharmaceutical and nutraceutical for BPH.

竹节参总皂苷缓解CCl_(4)诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤:基于调控PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路

目的探讨土家族药用植物竹节参提取物总皂苷对CCl_(4)致急性肝损伤的保护作用及潜在的药理学机制。方法将6周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、联苯双酯组(100 mg/kg)、竹节参总皂苷低、中、高(50、100、200 mg/kg)剂量组,各组8只,除空白组外,其余各组采用CCl_(4)诱导大鼠急性肝损伤模型,处理组于造模中给予药物灌胃干预。比较各组大鼠的血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBil)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平;HE染色观察肝组织病理学改变;免疫组化检测肝脏组织PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路相关分子的表达;酶联免疫法测定肝脏组织总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平;蛋白免疫印迹法检测肝脏组织PI3K-Akt和SIRT6-NF-κB通路相关蛋白表达情况。结果网络药理学分析显示,竹节参总皂苷对急性肝损伤的有治疗作用,其关键的通路为PI3K/Akt等信号通路。血清学和酶联免疫学实验结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血清和肝组织的AST、ALT、ALP、TBil和MDA明显增高(P<0.01),T-SOD和GSHPx水平显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组相比,各治疗组ALT、AST、ALP、TBIL和MDA水平显著降低(P<0.01),T-SOD和GSH-Px水平显著升高(P<0.01)。免疫组化结果显示,正常组大鼠肝组织细胞内未见p-NF-κB表达阳性,与正常组相比,模型组中p-NF-κB阳性表达则明显增加,阳性细胞数增多(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各治疗组阳性表达明显减少(P<0.01)。免疫印迹结果显示,相对于正常组,模型组PI3K、p-Akt蛋白的表达水平下降,p-NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-6蛋白的表达水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,各治疗组PI3K、p-Akt和SIRT6蛋白的表达水平显著升高,p-NF-κB p65、TNF-α和IL-6的蛋白的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论竹节参总皂苷可以通过调节PI3K/Akt和NF-κB通路,有效减缓CCl_(4)诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤,发挥其抗炎、抗氧化应激和保护肝损伤的作用。

Baicalin attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway after spinal cord injury

Baicalin is a natural active ingredient isolated from Scutellariae Radix that can cross the blood-brain barrier and exhibits neuroprotective effects on multiple central nervous system diseases.However,the mechanism behind the neuroprotective effects remains unclear.In this study,rat models of spinal cord injury were established using a modified Allen's impact method and then treated with intraperitoneal injection of Baicalin.The results revealed that Baicalin greatly increased the Basso,Beattie,Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale score,reduced blood-spinal cord barrier permeability,decreased the expression of Bax,Caspase-3,and nuclear factorκB,increased the expression of Bcl-2,and reduced neuronal apoptosis and pathological spinal cord injury.SH-SY5 Y cell models of excitotoxicity were established by application of 10 m M glutamate for 12 hours and then treated with 40μM Baicalin for 48 hours to investigate the mechanism of action of Baicalin.The results showed that Baicalin reversed tight junction protein expression tendencies(occludin and ZO-1)and apoptosis-related protein expression(Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and nuclear factor-κB),and also led to up-regulation of PI3 K and Akt phosphorylation.These effects on Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3 were blocked by pretreatment with the PI3 K inhibitor LY294002.These findings suggest that Baicalin can inhibit bloodspinal cord barrier permeability after spinal cord injury and reduce neuronal apoptosis,possibly by activating the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway.This study was approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Xi'an Jiaotong University on March 6,2014.

Eukaryotic elongation factor-1α 2 knockdown inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling

AIM: To assess the impact of eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, and determine the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: eEF1A2 levels were detected in 62 HCC tissue samples and paired pericarcinomatous specimens, and the human HCC cell lines SK-HEP-1, HepG2 and BEF-7402, by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Experimental groups included eEF1A2 silencing in BEL-7402 cells with lentivirus eEF1A2-shRNA (KD group) and eEF1A2 overexpression in SK-HEP-1 cells with eEF1A2 plasmid (OE group). Non-transfected cells (control group) and lentivirus-based empty vector transfected cells (NC group) were considered control groups. Cell proliferation (MTT and colony formation assays), apoptosis (Annexin V-APC assay), cell cycle (DNA ploidy assay), and migration and invasion (Transwell assays) were assessed. Protein levels of PI3K/Akt/NF-&#x003ba;B signaling effectors were evaluated by Western blot.RESULTS: eEF1A2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in HCC cancer tissue samples than in paired pericarcinomatous and normal specimens. SK-HEP-1 cells showed lower eEF1A2 mRNA levels; HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells showed higher eEF1A2 mRNA levels, with BEL-7402 cells displaying the highest amount. Efficient eEF1A2 silencing resulted in reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, increased apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest. The PI3K/Akt/NF-&#x003ba;B signaling pathway was notably inhibited. Inversely, eEF1A2 overexpression resulted in promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion.CONCLUSION: eEF1A2, highly expressed in HCC, is a potential oncogene. Its silencing significantly decreases HCC tumorigenesis, likely by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-&#x003ba;B signaling.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors in proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM: To determine whether the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in homo-sapiens. METHODS: The retina of controls and patients with PVR were collected and their levels of PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6k and phospho-4EBP-1 were determined by Western blot. The cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cell line D407 was treated with a specific mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin (RAPA) or a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, of various concentrations and durations. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast microscopy and the proliferation and apoptosis of treated cells were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Levels of PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-P70S6K and phospho-4EBP1 was increased in the retina in PVR (P <0.05). In D407 cells, both RAPA and LY294002 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, and promoted apoptosis (P <0.05); morphologically, the cells became smaller. Both RAPA and LY294002 reduced levels of phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6k and phospho-4EBP1 expression (P <0.05). RAPA, but not LY294002, had no significant effect on PI3K expression. CONCLUSION: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is highly activated in the retinal pigment epithelial cells of PVR. The inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, RAPA and LY294002, could inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by reducing the levels of phosphorylation of mTOR pathway components.

shRNA-interfering LSD1 inhibits proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via VEGF-C/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Histone Lysine Specific Demethylase 1(LSD1)is the first histone demethylase to be discovered,which regulates various biological functions by making lysine of histone H3K4,H3K9 and non-histone substrates demethylated.Abnormal regulation of LSD1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.The change of LSD1 expression level plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.The study of its function and mechanism may provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the effect of downregulation of lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1)expression on proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells and the possible regulatory mechanisms of the VEGF-C/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.METHODS The LSD1-specific short hairpin RNA(shRNA)interference plasmid was transiently transfected,and expression of LSD1 was downregulated.The cell proliferation ability of LSD1 was observed by CCK-8 assay after downregulating expression of LSD1.Transwell invasion assay was used to observe the change of cell invasion ability after downregulating expression of LSD1.Expression of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p-PI3K),PI3K,p-AKT,AKT,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)-3,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in each group was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS The cell proliferation ability of transiently transfected LSD1-shRNA interference plasmid group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Transwell invasion assay showed that the number of cells across the membrane of the LSD1-shRNA transfection group(238.451±5.216)was significantly lower than that of the control group(49.268±6.984)(P<0.01).Western blotting showed that expression level of VEGF-C,p-PI3K,PI3K,p-AKT,AKT,VEGFR-3,MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the LSD1-shRNA group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Downregulation of LSD1 expression inhibits metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells,and VEGF-C-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,which may be an important mechanism for inhibiting lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer cells.

Scoparone inhibits pancreatic cancer through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system whose emerging resistance to chemotherapy has necessitated the development of novel antitumor treatments.Scoparone,a traditional Chinese medicine monomer with a wide range of pharmacological properties,has attracted considerable attention for its antitumor activity.AIM To explore the potential antitumor effect of scoparone on pancreatic cancer and the possible molecular mechanism of action.METHODS The target genes of scoparone were determined using both the bioinformatics and multiplatform analyses.The effect of scoparone on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation,migration,invasion,cell cycle,and apoptosis was detected in vitro.The expression of hub genes was tested using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and the molecular mechanism was analyzed using Western blot.The in vivo effect of scoparone on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation was detected using a xenograft tumor model in nude mice as well as immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The hub genes involved in the suppression of pancreatic cancer by scoparone were obtained by network bioinformatics analyses using publicly available databases and platforms,including SwissTargetPrediction,STITCH,GeneCards,CTD,STRING,WebGestalt,Cytoscape,and Gepia;AKT1 was confirmed using qRT-PCR to be the hub gene.Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed that the viability of Capan-2 and SW1990 cells was significantly reduced by scoparone treatment exhibiting IC50 values of 225.2μmol/L and 209.1μmol/L,respectively.Wound healing and transwell assays showed that scoparone inhibited the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.Additionally,flow cytometry confirmed that scoparone caused cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis.Scoparone also increased the expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3,decreased the levels of MMP9 and Bcl-2,and suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt without affecting total PI3K and Akt.Moreover,compared with the control group,xenograft tumors,in the 200μmol/L scoparone treatment group,were smaller in volume and lighter in weight,and the percentages of Ki65-and PCNA-positive cells were decreased.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that scoparone inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo,inhibits migration and invasion,and induces cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

川续断皂苷VI通过抑制PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路拮抗肠上皮细胞凋亡缓解TNBS诱导的小鼠克罗恩病样结肠炎

目的探讨川续断皂苷VI(AVI)对小鼠克罗恩病(CD)样结肠炎的肠上皮细胞凋亡和肠屏障的影响及其作用机制。方法将30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分成对照组(WT组)、2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸诱导模型组(TNBS组)、AVI药物治疗组(AVI组,150 mg/kg),每组10只。通过监测小鼠体质量、测量结肠长度、疾病活动度(DAI)评分、HE染色、AB-PAS染色、组织炎症评分、ELISA和RT-qPCR实验,验证AVI对小鼠结肠炎的缓解作用。采用TNF-α诱导Caco-2细胞建立体外凋亡模型,分为Control组、TNF-α组、AVI组(250μmol/L)。CCK-8实验检测AVI对Caco-2细胞活力的影响。采用免疫荧光、TUNEL实验和Western blotting检测AVI对小鼠肠上皮细胞和Caco-2细胞屏障损伤与凋亡的改善情况。利用网络药理学预测AVI干预CD的分子机制可能与PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路有关,Western blotting检测体内外通路的蛋白表达,以及经PI3K/AKT通路激活剂(Recilisib)和AKT1 siRNA转染干预细胞后,通过TUNEL实验和Western blotting验证其对细胞凋亡的调控作用。结果AVI能明显地缓解小鼠体质量降低、结肠缩短、DAI与组织炎症评分的增加、肠绒毛和杯状细胞的损伤,以及炎症因子的高表达(P<0.05)。AVI浓度在0~250μmol/L时对Caco-2细胞活力无影响。体内外实验证实,AVI可阻断紧密连接蛋白的缺失,减少肠上皮细胞的凋亡(P<0.05)。KEGG富集通路分析发现AVI干预CD可能与抑制PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路活化有关,在体内外模型证实AVI干预后p-PI3K、p-AKT和p-p65的表达降低(P<0.05)。此外,Recilisib干预后可逆转AVI对通路的抑制作用和抗凋亡作用(P<0.05),AKT1 siRNA转染细胞后证实PI3K/AKT通路可介导下游NF-κB信号的活化(P<0.05)。结论AVI可通过拮抗肠上皮细胞的凋亡和减轻肠屏障损伤,达到改善TNBS诱导的CD小鼠结肠炎的目的,其机制可能与AVI负向调控PI3K/AKT/NF-κB有关。

基于PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路探讨滋阴补肾方对糖尿病合并去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢的影响

目的基于磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/核因子κB(PI3K/Akt/NF-κB)信号通路探究滋阴补肾方对糖尿病合并去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢的影响。方法将60只SPF级雌性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、骨化三醇组及滋阴补肾方高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。除对照组外,其余组大鼠均摘除双侧卵巢、喂食高糖高脂饲料并注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病合并去卵巢骨质疏松模型。造模成功后,滋阴补肾方高、中、低剂量组分别按照干药剂量20 g/kg、10 g/kg、5 g/kg灌胃滋阴补肾方药液,骨化三醇组灌胃0.1μg/kg骨化三醇,对照组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水,均1次/d,连续8周。末次灌胃结束后,股动脉取血,自动生化分析仪测定空腹血糖(FPG)、钙、磷、三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)水平;腹主动脉取血,ELISA法测定糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);RT-PCR法检测骨组织中PI3K、Akt、NF-κB mRNA相对表达量。结果与对照组比较,模型组FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TG、TC水平及骨组织中NF-κB mRNA相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05),FINS、血钙、血磷水平及骨组织中PI3K mRNA、Akt mRNA相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,骨化三醇组和滋阴补肾方各组FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TG、TC水平及骨组织中NF-κB mRNA相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05),FINS、血钙、血磷水平及骨组织中PI3K mRNA、Akt mRNA相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05),且滋阴补肾方高剂量组各指标改善情况均明显优于滋阴补肾方低剂量组(P均<0.05)。结论滋阴补肾方可通过介导PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路改善糖尿病合并去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的骨代谢,同时可调节糖代谢,减轻胰岛素抵抗。

真武汤合五皮饮加减对糖尿病肾病患者肾脏纤维化、肾小管氧化损伤和PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的:观察真武汤合五皮饮加减对糖尿病肾病患者肾脏纤维化、肾小管氧化损伤和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路的影响。方法:选择2021年2月至2023年2月该院收治的糖尿病肾病患者100例,所有患者均采用随机数字表法分组。基础干预组50例患者(脱落3例,最终纳入47例)给予常规西医治疗,观察组50例患者(脱落2例,最终纳入48例)在基础干预组的基础上给予真武汤合五皮饮加减治疗。治疗前后对两组患者进行中医证候评价,检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、活性氧(ROS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAE)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平及24 h尿蛋白定量,PI3K、Akt和NF-κB的mRNA表达水平,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果:观察组患者的总有效率较基础干预组明显升高[97.92%(47/48)vs. 82.98%(39/47)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者神疲畏寒、尿浊、腰膝酸冷、肢体浮肿、下肢尤甚、小便清长或短少、面色白光白、夜尿增多及五更泄泻的评分较基础干预组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的HbA1c、UAE和24 h尿蛋白定量较基础干预组明显降低,GSH-Px水平较基础干预组明显升高,ROS、β2-MG水平较基础干预组明显降低,NF-κB mRNA表达水平较基础干预组明显降低,PI3K、Akt mRNA表达水平较基础干预组明显升高,CTGF、HA和LN水平较基础干预组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:真武汤合五皮饮加减用于糖尿病肾病患者,可调节PI3K/Akt/NF-κB信号通路,减少肾小管氧化损伤,改善肾脏纤维化病情,调节HbA1c、UAE和24 h尿蛋白定量,提高临床疗效。

PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路调控阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征研究概况

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)是一种慢性疾病,该病以夜间频发低氧血症和高碳酸血症为主要特点。近年来,OSA的发病率呈上升之势,得到了诸多学者的关注。现阶段认为,OSA的发生与氧化应激、炎症反应等病理生理改变密切相关。PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路在调节炎症反应、氧化应激等方面具有重要地位,中医药通过调节PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路的表达,可有效改善氧化应激和炎症反应,获效可观。该文阐述了PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路调控OSA的具体作用机制及中医药调节该通路的研究现状,为中医药治疗OSA提供新思路。

Effect of Buyanghuanwu Decoction on PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Aquaporin AQP4 in Cerebral Hemorrhage Rats

[Objectives] To explore the effect of Buyanghuanwu decoction on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and aquaporin AQP4 in cerebral hemorrhage rats and clarify the mechanism to provide clear direction and target for cerebral hemorrhage treatment caused by cerebral edema.[Methods]SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: model group,sham operation group,Buyanghuanwu decoction low,medium and high dose groups,and Ginkgo biloba group. Model group,Buyanghuanwu decoction group,G. biloba group were prepared to be intracerebral hemorrhage rat models by referring to Rosenberg law. While the expression of " polarity" of aquaporin AQP4 was detected by immunofluorescence labeling method,the Evans blue( Evans Blue,EB) content of brain tissue was determined by Spectrophotometry. In addition,the water content of brain tissue was detected by wet and dry weight method. [Results] When compared to the model group,the Buyang Huanwu decoction group,G. biloba group of PI3K and AKT proteins expression increased significantly( P < 0. 05) and AQP4 in Astrocyte end feet membrane concentrated expression significantly increased( P < 0. 05),EB content and water content of brain tissue significantly reduced( P <0. 05).[Conclusions]The protective mechanisms of Buyanghuanwu decoction on cerebral hemorrhage can work might because it can activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,regulate AQP4 " polar" expression,and reduce the permeability of the blood brain barrier and cerebral edema.