a Prerequisite for State Governance Modernization Standardization

The modernization of state governance is not only the important dimension and content but also the prerequisite for China’s socialist modernization undertaking.In 2013,the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th CPC national Congress decided the general objective of deepening reforms in an all-around way:"the improvement and development of socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the modernization of state governance system and capacity".The strategic blueprint

Languages:A Prerequisite for the Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and Road Initiative,with its profound significance,requires language as a prerequisite for the interconnections between China and countries along the road.Thus,language awareness is required and needs to be strengthened.A planning and administrative agency should be established to formulate toplevel designs and specific language policies.Also,the recruitment of language specialists should be accelerated,and language skills and training should focus on business,economics,trade,and related knowledge that will enhance the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative.With its bright future,the Belt and Road Initiative gives both teaching practices new challenges and new opportunities.

Redefining the concept of professionalism in nursing:an integrative review

Objective:In today’s world with sweeping changes,nurses are responsible for providing high-quality and cost-benefit care,which would almost be impossible unless they achieve their high professional status.To date,no precise and comprehensive definition of professionalism in nursing has been evidently proposed.In fact,many of the previously proposed definitions are either complicated or ambiguous.Moreover,there is no consensus in the literature on an exhaustive definition for“a professional nurse.”The present study aimed to illustrate the concept of professionalism in nursing and identify its defining characteristics.Methods:In this study,concept analysis was conducted using Whittemore et al.’s method for the integrated review.A comprehensive search of electronic,scientific databases including Eric,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,EBSCO,PsychoINFO,Embass,MagIran,IranDoc,SID,and IRANMEDEX was carried out using the keywords such as professionalism,professional behavior,nursing professionalism(NP),professional attribute,and nursing.Results:In the present study,a comprehensive search of 11 electronic databases retrieved 5738 articles.Then,2837 duplicate articles were removed by endnote(version 8).Based on a preliminary examination of the titles and abstracts as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria,1517 articles were excluded.In addition,137 articles were removed for scientific reasons.Finally,52 articles in English and Persian were selected.Content analysis of the articles revealed four major themes,namely,individual prerequisite,professional prerequisite,appropriate structure,and socio-individual factors.Conclusions:Professionalism in nursing is a major,multidimensional concept according to the literature that included individual prerequisites,professional prerequisites,appropriate structures,and socio-individual factors.In fact,professionalism in nursing comprises a wide range of personal characteristics,self-regulation,professional values,striving to acquire and enhance professional expertise,professional interactions,social,professional,and legal responsibility,and creation of a sense of belonging,and professional development.

Analysis on the Conditions and Suitability of the Flowering of Osmanthus fragrans in Wenjiang District

According to the meteorological data in Wenjiang District and the pheno- logical observation data of early Yingui during flowedng period in Chengdu Experi- mental Station of Agricultural Meteorology, using statistical methods, prerequisite and the climatic indicators for the first flowering of early Yingui were obtained. Based on the above conditions, the conditions for the flowering period of O. fragrans in Wenjiang District were analyzed. The conclusion was drawn that the conditions are suitable for blossoms of O. fragrans.

GENE THERAPY (continued) Ⅱ. TECHNIQUES FOR GENE THERAPY

An essential prerequisite of any genetherapy technique is the efficient and stable de-livery of transferred DNA into the target cell.Avariety of techniques are available for directly in-troducing DNA into eukaryotic cells,includingcoprecipitation with calcium phosphate,electroporation and microinjection. The efficien-cy of most of these physical transfection tech-niques is less than one in ten thousand, and

Management of Associations in the IRBAC 2000 Model

Secure interaction and interoperability between two or more administrative domains is a major concern. The IRBAC 2000 model accomplishes secure interaction and interoperability by flexibly dynamic inter-domain role translations. Associations are the key element of the IRBAC 2000 model, which have a great impact on security and efficiency of dynamic role translations. Therefore, it is a crucial problem how to manage the associations in the IRBAC 2000 model. There are two cases under which some matters will emerge. One is where conflicting associations may result in a security hazard. Another is where redundant associations may reduce the efficiency of dynamic role translations and increase the difficulty of management of associations. The formal definitions on conflicting associations and redundant associations are given, and the methods are discusses to judge whether there are conflicting associations or redundant associations in IRBAC 2000 model. The protective mechanism is presented, which utilizes prerequisite conditions to prevent conflicting or redundant associations from appearing in IRBAC 2000 model.

Telemetry Channel Capacity Assessment for Reentry Vehicles in Plasma Sheath Environment

Channel capacity is the prerequisite and basis for the design of a communication system.To assess the impact of a harsh plasma environment on the communication system of reentry vehicles,Shannon＇s information theory is used to evaluate the channel capacity through the estimation results of the signal-to-noise ratio obtained by the communication link budget method.First,the attenuation caused by the plasma sheath is calculated with a stratified medium finite-difference time-domain method for typical S,C and Ka telemetry frequencies in a typical reentry plasma environment.Thereafter,typical telemetry transceiver parameters are considered to estimate the channel capacity.Results show that the S-band channel capacity is almost zero at the altitude of 30-40 km and the plasma attenuation at the C-band is slightly better.However,the blackout phenomenon remains obvious.The Ka-band signal can penetrate the plasma sheath layer with the smallest attenuation,thus significantly increasing the capacity of the channel and it may thus adequately meet telemetry needs.

Nonviral gene transfer with Mposome and protein

The development of improved gene transfermethods is a prerequisite for gene therapy to realizeits full potentials. One approach is the design ofplasmid-based delivery system that also termed "self-assembling complexes" such as cationic liposome-DNAcomplex (lipoplex) and protein-DNA complex.Unlike viral vectors, liposome-DNA complexes arenoninfectious, nonimmunogenic and exhibit low

Development of SSR Markers towards Genetic Mapping in Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L. )

Availability of informative molecular markers isa prerequisite for genetic mapping and marker-assisted selection projects.Micro-satellites orSimple Sequence Repeat(SSR)markers arePCR-based and currently the most widely usedmarker system in the plant molecular geneticscommunity due to their high degree ofpolymorphism,random distribution throughoutthe genome and their suitability for highthroughput genotyping formats.Despite itsglobal economic importance,cotton has

Statement

The prerequisite of publication is that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. In order to meet the requirement of the informatization construction in our country, and to expand

China's Post & Telecommunications

As part of the infrastructure of the national economy and a prerequisite for opening up to the outside world, China’s post and telecommunications sustained high speed development for the eighth successive year in 1993. Fixed asset investment reached RMB 40 billion, 2.5 times more than the previous year. Postal business totalled RMB46.14 billion, 58.9 percent up on that of the year before. Income

Spatially resolved gap closing in single Josephson junctions constructed on Bi2Te3 surface

Full gap closing is a prerequisite for hosting Majorana zero modes in Josephson junctions on the surface of topological insulators.Previously,we have observed direct experimental evidence of gap closing in Josephson junctions constructed on Bi2Te3 surface.In this paper we report further investigations on the position dependence of gap closing as a function of magnetic flux in single Josephson junctions constructed on Bi2Te3 surface.

Structural Synthesis of 2T3R Hybrid Kinematic Mechanism Based on G_F Set

The structural synthesis of mechanisms is a prerequisite of mechanical design. Thereby, it is necessary to address special attention to the structural synthesis of mechanisms,especially for the structural synthesis of hybrid kinematic mechanisms( HKMs). This paper presents a very simple yet very effective method of structural synthesis for HKM based on the set theory. The basic concept and mathematical operation of Generalized Function Set( G_F set) are firstly introduced. Based on G_F set,a type synthesis principle for serial mechanisms,parallel mechanisms and HKMs is presented,respectively. Especially,a detailed algorithm of type synthesis for HKM is proposed as well. It is shown that type synthesis of HKM can be developed by the combination of elements of G_F setand rotation axis transfer theorem. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the type synthesis principle presented in the paper,structure synthesis of 2T3 R HKMs are accomplished,where T and R denote translational and rotational degree-of-freedom( DoF),respectively. And further research shows that the structures of 2T3 R HKMs can be categorized into two types,i. e.,G(_F~Ⅰ) and G(_F~Ⅱ).

Buying a car?get a Parking Space First

china’s capital city Beijing is mulling over a new rule to require a permanent parking space as a mandatory prerequisite to buy a new car.this is another hurdle for car purchasers after the car plate lottery policy introduced in 2010 to keep the number of vehicles on road under 6 million by 2017.

Constructing an Educational Knowledge Graph with Concepts Linked to Wikipedia

To use educational resources efficiently and dig out the nature of relations among MOOCs(massive open online courses),a knowledge graph was built for MOOCs on four major platforms:Coursera,EDX,XuetangX,and ICourse.This paper demonstrates the whole process of educational knowledge graph construction for reference.And this knowledge graph,the largest knowledge graph of MOOC resources at present,stores and represents five classes,11 kinds of relations and 52779 entities with their corresponding properties,amounting to more than 300000 triples.Notably,24188 concepts are extracted from text attributes of MOOCs and linked them directly with corresponding Wikipedia entries or the closest entries calculated semantically,which provides the normalized representation of knowledge and a more precise description for MOOCs far more than enriching words with explanatory links.Besides,prerequisites discovered by direct extractions are viewed as an essential supplement to augment the connectivity in the knowledge graph.This knowledge graph could be considered as a collection of unified MOOC resources for learners and the abundant data for researchers on MOOC-related applications,such as prerequisites mining.

IN VITRO PLANT REGENERATION FROM LEAFLET EXPLANTS OF TRITICALE

Cereal improvement by means of genetic modification is a frontier topic attracting world-wide attention. The plant regeneration of divisible cells from protoplasts is a prerequisite for the genetic manipulation in higher plants. But there are lots of dif-

GENERALIZED ISOCHRONS, MIX-ISOCHRONS AND THEIR IMPLICATION

In isotopic chronology, homogenization of the initial values has ever been a primary prerequisite for isochrons. However, theoretical consideration shows that isochrons can always be obtained if a closed system satisfies the linear equation at its initial instant, i. e.,

DIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION IN PROTOPLAST CULTURE OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. )

Wheat is one of the most important agronomic crops in the world. The regeneration of plants is an important prerequisite for the improvement in genetic manipulation. Protoplast culture of wheat has been proved extremely difficult and intense efforts are making for it. Recently, there have been reports on plantlets formed from wheat protoplasts. However,

PLANT REGENERATION FROM PROTOPLAST OF RICE (Oryza sativa)

The rapidly developing bio-technologies have become an important way in the improvement of crops. The protoplast cultures as a prerequisite for the genetic manipulation such as protoplast fusion, gene transformation have been widely used and developed. But it is still very difficult to regenerate plants from protoplasts of rice, wheat, maize and other important gramineal crops.

NON-PARTICIPATION OF PLASTOQUINONE IN FERREDOXIN-MEDIATED CYCLIC ELECTRON TRANSFER

In photosynthetic electron transport chain of higher plant chloroplasts, electrons are activated through two light reactions in series, resulting in their unidirectional transfer from H2O to NADP+. This is called the non-cyclic electron transfer and its coupled phosphorylation （PSP）, the non-cyclic phosphorylation. If certain