Influence of heme oxygenase-1 expression on immune liver fibrosis induced by cobalt protoporphyrin in rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)expression on immune liver fibrosis induced by cobalt protoporphyrin(CoPP)in rats. METHODS:An immune liver fibrosis model of rat was established by administering human serum albumin (HSA).The rats were divided into CoPP,liver fibrosis and normal control groups.Rats in the CoPP group received intraperitoneal CoPP concurrently with HSA. Expression of HO-1 protein was observed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was performed to assess fibrosis proliferation and distribution,proliferation extent of fibroblasts,and alterations in hepatocytes and inflammatory cells.TypeⅠandⅢcollagens were detected with Van Gieson’s(VG)staining and Foot’s reticular fiber staining,respectively.In addition, spindle-shaped cells existing at perisinusoidal locations beyond portal and septa areas were investigated with HE staining. RESULTS:Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of HO-1 protein was higher in the CoPP group than in the liver fibrosis group(P<0.05).Compared with the liver fibrosis group,the serological index of hepatic fibrosis in the CoPP group decreased significantly(P<0.05).HE,VG and Foot’s staining revealed that administration of CoPP reduced the extent of hepatic fibrosis.The levels of serological indicators and the number of spindle-shaped cells at perisinuous locations beyond the portal and septa areas were reduced in the CoPP group.Only a few inflammatory cells were seen around the portal areas and central veins in the CoPP group. CONCLUSION:Increased endogenous HO-1 may suppress liver fibrosis by protecting liver cells, inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatic stellate cell transformation.

A Comparative Study on the Enhancement Efficacy of Specific and Non-specific Iron Chelators for Protoporphyrin Ⅸ Production and Photosensitization in HaCat Cells

The iron chelators can be utilized in target cells to improve 5-aminolaevulinic acid （ALA）-based photodynamic therapy （PDT）. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of two kinds of iron chelators, desferrioxamine （DFO） and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） on the enhancement of ALA-PDT. HaCat cells were cultured in medium containing 2.0 mmol/L of ALA and 0.5 mmol/L of DFO or EDTA. After 3-h incubation in the dark, the concentration of cellular pro-toporphyrin Ⅸ （PpⅨ） was detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the fluorescence of PpⅨ was observed at 630 nm emission under confocal laser scanning microscope. For PDT, HaCat cells were irradiated using 632.8 nm laser, and the fractions of apoptotic and necrotic cells were flow cytometrically assayed. Related differences in morphology and ultrastructure of Ha-Cat cells were observed using optical microscope or transmission electron microscope. Compared to incubation with ALA alone, the addition of DFO or EDTA increased the concentration of cellular PpⅨ and the fluorescent density of PpⅨ, and also increased cell death ratio after PDT. PDT using ALA plus DFO produced the highest cellular PpⅨ level, greatest cell death ratio and most severe structural damage to the cells. It was concluded that both DFO and EDTA could enhance ALA-based PpⅨ production and PDT. Compared to the non-specific iron chelator of EDTA, the specific chelator, DFO, showed more potential for the enhancement.

Effect of zinc protoporphyrin on carbon monoxide/heme oxygenase-1 system in rats subjected to recurrent febrile convulsion

BACKGROUND： Studies on febrile convulsion （FC）-caused brain injury are disputed in many aspects. How FC cause nervous system injury in the developmental period and what are the characteristics of these pathological injury are unknown. The current studies have demonstrated that berne oxygenase-1 （HO-1） exerts effects on brain injury mainly by catalyzing hemoglobin to produce degradation products, and HO-1 not only has neuroprotective effects, but also has neurotoxic effects during the FC-caused brain injury. Study on the effect of zinc protoporphyrin （ZnPP） on brain injury is still in the stage of animal experiment. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of ZnPP on carbon monoxide （CO）/HO-1 system of rats subjected to FC, and to analyze the action pathway of ZnPP in brain protective effect. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital Affiliated to Jiamusi University. MATERIALS： Sixty-five Wistar rats, of either gender, were involved in this study. They were randomized into normal control group（ n =14, 37℃ water bath） and febrile treatment group （n =51, 44.5℃ hot water bath）. Febrile treatment group was sub-divided into febrile non-convulsion group （FNC group, n =16） and FC group （n =35）. FC group was further sub-divided into simple convulsion group （n =20） and ZnPP treatment group （n =15）. HO-1 mRNA in situ hybridization kit was provided by Boster Bioengineering Co.,Ltd. ZnPP（dark brown powder） was the product of Jingmei Bioengineering Company. METHODS： This study was carried out in the postgraduate laboratory of Jiamusi University between January 2004 and January 2007. Rats in the febrile treatment group were placed in the 44.5℃ hot water bath box. If rats did not convulse in the water within 5 minutes, they were taken out, namely FNC group （n = 16）, and those, which were convulsed within 5 minutes, were taken out immediately when they presented such a phenomenon, namely FC group （n =35）. Convulsion induction was conducted once every other day, totally 10 times. Rats were euthanized for analysis at 24 hours after the last induction. Rats in the control group were placed in the 37℃ water. Rats in the ZnPP treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with ZnPP at 45 μ mol/kg before FC attack. Rats in the simple convulsion group were only induced to be convulsed but not administrated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： CO level in the brain tissue homogenate and plasma of rats in each group was detected with a spectrophotometer. HO-1 mRNA expression in the hippocampal CAI region, CA3 region and dentate gyrus of rats was observed by in situ hybridization technique. RESULTS： Sixty-five Wistar rats were involved in the study. Two rats died respectively due to drowning and convulsion in the FC group. One rat died due to convulsion drowning in the ZnPP treatment group. ①Plasma CO concentration of control group and ZnPP treatment group was significantly lower than that of the FC group （P 〈 0.01）, and was significantly higher in the ZnPP treatment group than in the FNC group （P 〈 0.05）. ②CO level in the brain tissue homogenate was significantly lower in the control group and ZnPP treatment group than in the FC group （P 〈 0.01）, and was very significantly higher in the ZnPP treatment group than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. ③HO-1 mRNA expressions in the neuron of hippocampal CAl region, CA3 region and dentate gyrus of the control group were the lowerest, and those in the FC group were the highest. HO-1 mRNA expression in the neuron of dentate gyrus in the FC group was significantly higher than that in the ZnPP treatment group （P 〈 0.01）, and those in the FNC group and control group was significantly lower than that in the ZnPP treatment group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： FC can cause brain injury. Over-expression of HO-I mRNA and the increase of CO are involved in the patho-physiological process of FC. ZnPP can inhibit HO-lmRNA activity and decrease CO level, which is one of pathways for protecting brain.

Zinc protoporphyrin IX enhances chemotherapeutic response of hepatoma cells to cisplatin

AIM: To investigate the effect of zinc protoporphyrin IX on the response of hepatoma cells to cisplatin and the possible mechanism involved.

Action of protoporphyrin-IX (PP-IX) in the lifespan of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>deficient in endogenous antioxidants, Sod and Cat

Protoporphyirin-IX (PP-IX) is a precursor of the biosynthesis of the hemo group, most of the cytochromes and the chlorophylls. The PP-IX is used for medical purposes, and recently a report indicated that it exhibits a dual action since it can decrease or increase the genetic damage caused by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU) in somatic cells of Drosophila. PP-IX is known to be able to act as an anti-or pro-oxidant agent. The aim of the present research was to study the role of PP-IX on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, taking into account the fact that increasing levels of ROS can accelerate the aging process. The Canton-S strain (CS) was used as well as Sod and Cat which are deficient in the endogenous enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Groups of females and males were treated separately with 5 mg/ml of PP-IX solution. The comparison of survival curves indicates that this pigment extended the lifespan of CS. In contrast, Sod strain showed that the opposite effect and had no effect in Cat strain. The fact that PP-IX reduces the mean lifespan in Sod deficient strain might suggest a pro-oxidant action of PP-IX, and consequently the cumulating of ROS as a superoxide could have a mutagenic effect as was shown recently. The results presented evidence of the dual effect of PP-IX.

Protoporphyrin IX photobleaching of subcellular distributed sites of leukemic HL60 cells based on ALA-PDT <i>in vitro</i>

The leukaemia cells HL60, incubated in 10 mM/ml ALA (5-aminolevulinic) for 4 hours, were carried an experimental research with fluorescent probes in photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on ALA by using PDT reaction room (The average fluence rate of the 412 nm source was 5 mW/cm2). Cells viability were determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and PpIX Photobleaching of subcellular distributed sites of HL60 cells in vitro were investigated by fluorescence spectra acquired during treatment. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum had decreased by 81.5%, 52.3% and 21.0%, respectively, compared with their initial values after a 45-minute light treatment. The rate of PpIX photobleaching in mitochondria was significantly higher than others. Addi-tionally, the change of the activity of HL60 cells was basically characterized by the change fluorescence intensity in mitochondria, which suggest that mitochondria is one of main therapeutic targets of photodynamic therapy.

Preoperative Prediction of Whether Intraoperative Fluorescence of Protoporphyrin IX Can Be Achieved by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Administration

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence-guided brain tumor resection, using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is among the most valuable tools for determining tumor removal area. However, PPIX fluorescence is not necessarily achieved during an operation visually even when 5-ALA is used, and we do not know until tumor exposure to the excitation light of the ultraviolet region whether PPIX fluorescence has been achieved. When a particular biopsy and frozen section diagnosis is made, the reason for lack of PPIX fluorescence in the tissue cannot be judged. We do not know whether the tumor fails to fluoresce or no fluorescence is seen because it is not the main body of the tumor. We investigated whether the presence or absence of tumor fluorescence could be predicted by examining urinary porphyrin before surgery, at the time of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis using 5-ALA. The urine of brain tumor patients 2 hours after 5-ALA administration was irradiated with a 405 ± 1 nm laser light. The patients were divided into a fluorescent urine group and negative fluorescent urine group. Red fluorescence was observed in response to the 405 ± 1 nm laser beam for all tumors in the fluorescent urine group. Clear red fluorescence was not observed even with 405 ± 1 nm laser beam irradiation in any tumors in the negative fluorescent urine group. Preoperative prediction of the intraoperative fluorescence of PPIX can be achieved by observation of urine 2 hours after 5-ALA administration with exposure to a 405 ± 1 nm laser light.

UPLC-FLD法测定全血中原卟啉和锌原卟啉

目的建立全血中原卟啉和锌原卟啉的超高效液相色谱-荧光测定方法。方法全血加入间卟啉Ⅸ-二盐酸盐内标,经纯水稀释后,采用二甲基亚砜-丙酮液液萃取进行净化,经C_(18)色谱柱分离,双通道荧光检测器检测,内标法定量。结果原卟啉和锌原卟啉的线性范围均为0.1~5.0μmol/L,相关系数均为0.9995;方法的检出限分别为0.02μmol/L和0.03μmol/L,定量限分别为0.06μmol/L和0.09μmol/L;原卟啉和锌原卟啉在低、中、高三个浓度加标时,方法的加标回收率分别为85.2%~94.7%和84.8%~92.8%;批内精密度(RSD)分别为2.8%~5.3%和2.7%~6.1%,批间精密度(RSD)分别为3.4%~6.3%和3.2%~7.1%;对30份血样中原卟啉与锌原卟啉检测结果分别为:0.1~0.5μmol/L与0.4~1.2μmol/L。结论本方法适用于全血中的原卟啉和锌原卟啉的同时测定。

脲嘧啶类除草剂Tiafenacil的合成及除草活性测定

为了探索除草剂Tiafenacil在防治农业杂草方面的应用前景,以3-氨基-4,4,4-三氟丁烯酸乙酯为原料,经6步反应制备得到Tiafenacil,其结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS确证,并对Tiafenacil进行除草活性测定。结果表明:Tiafenacil在苗前浓度为300 g a.i.·hm^(-2)条件下,其对稗草、苘麻的除草活性均优于对照药剂97%莠去津原药;在苗前浓度为75 g a.i.·hm^(-2)条件下,其对稗草、苘麻的除草活性均优于对照药剂97%氟磺胺草醚原药。苗后浓度为37.5、75、150、300 g a.i.·hm^(-2)条件下,其对稗草、金色狗尾草、百日草、苘麻的除草活性均可达100%,明显优于对照药剂97%氟磺胺草醚原药和97%莠去津原药。

卟啉类化合物和游离铁对鸡胸肉肌原纤维蛋白理化特性的影响

为了解卟啉铁及其产生的原卟啉和游离铁对鸡胸肉肌原纤维蛋白(MP)和肉品品质的影响,本研究分别用原卟啉(PPIX)、卟啉铁(Hemin)和游离铁(FeCl3)结合加热处理鸡胸肉,并测定鸡胸肉肌原纤维蛋白的结构和理化性质的变化。结果表明,卟啉铁、游离铁和原卟啉会使MP的溶解度显著降低(P<0.05),浊度增加,平均粒径从空白加热组的531 nm分别增加到1 280 nm、955 nm和712 nm,说明鸡胸肉肌原纤维蛋白发生了交联聚集;卟啉铁和游离铁能促进蛋白质羰基的生成(P<0.05),而原卟啉处理对蛋白质羰基含量没有显著改变(P>0.05),但三者均可引起蛋白质疏水性提高;卟啉类化合物和游离铁处理能显著降低蛋白质分子间氢键和离子键含量,提高疏水相互作用力和二硫键含量,减弱肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的相互作用,促使肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白发生解离;卟啉铁和游离铁对蛋白质理化特性的改变破坏了蛋白质凝胶结构,降低了蛋白质的黏度、弹性模量和黏度损耗模量。本研究为明确卟啉类化合物对肌原纤维蛋白特性和肉品品质的影响提供了参考,为调控鸡肉嫩度提供了理论依据。

锌原卟啉对BV2小胶质细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达影响

目的 探究血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)抑制剂锌原卟啉(ZnPP)对BV2小胶质细胞抗凋亡相关蛋白表达水平的影响。方法 以25μmol/L的ZnPP处理BV2小胶质细胞24 h后,使用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,采用Western blot的方法检测细胞内ZnPP对BV2小胶质细胞抗凋亡蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤-2蛋白(Bcl-2)与促凋亡蛋白Bcl2-Associated X蛋白(Bax)、剪切的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Cleaved caspase 3)等蛋白表达的影响。结果 与对照组相比,以10μmol/L的ZnPP处理BV2小胶质细胞24 h后细胞活力无明显变化(F=14.720,q=2.819,P>0.05)。而以25μmol/L的ZnPP作用于小胶质细胞24 h后,细胞活力明显下降(q=7.591,P<0.001);细胞内HO-1和Bcl-2蛋白表达明显降低,Cleaved caspase 3蛋白和Bax蛋白表达明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.975~5.189,P<0.01)。结论 ZnPP处理BV2小胶质细胞后可通过线粒体凋亡途径激活细胞凋亡,此过程可能与抑制HO-1的作用有关。

空心硫化铜负载原卟啉用于光热-声动力治疗癌细胞

制备了空心硫化铜(H⁃Cu_(2-x)S)纳米颗粒,并利用其空腔结构负载声敏剂原卟啉(PpIX)得到多功能复合纳米试剂(PpIX@H⁃Cu_(2-x)S)。H⁃Cu_(2-x)S在近红外光(NIR)照射条件下具有良好的光热转换效果,同时具有大的比表面积(68 m^(2)·g^(-1)),可实现声敏剂PpIX的高效负载。在超声(US)激发条件下(10 min),发现有46.1%的1,3⁃二苯基异苯并呋喃(DPBF)被PpIX@H⁃Cu_(2-x)S产生的活性氧(ROS)氧化。在体外细胞实验中,PpIX@H⁃Cu_(2-x)S显示出良好的生物安全性,在NIR/US激发条件下可以高效地杀死肿瘤细胞。

光敏抗菌纯棉无纺布的制备及性能研究

以纯棉水刺无纺布为基材,乙酸为溶剂,柠檬酸为交联剂,把壳聚糖接枝在棉无纺布上,再以壳聚糖为载体,固定原卟啉,制备出一种光敏抗菌材料。借助扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪分析固定前后棉无纺布的形貌及化学结构变化,并探究改性后棉无纺布的力学性能、透气性及抗菌性能。结果表明:棉无纺布表面接枝了壳聚糖与原卟啉,其断裂强力有所减小;在暗室/光照条件下,改性无纺布对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有良好的抗菌效果,尤其在光照条件下,原卟啉与壳聚糖的协同抗菌作用,使改性无纺布对大肠杆菌的抗菌率达到99.91%。

血清铁调素结合红细胞内游离原卟啉水平对缺铁性贫血的诊断效能

目的 探讨血清铁调素结合红细胞内游离原卟啉(FEP)水平对缺铁性贫血的诊断效能。方法 选择2022年3月-2023年4月昆山市第一人民医院收治的85例缺铁性贫血患者为研究组,另选择医院同时间段体检健康人群53例为对照组。对比研究组与对照组血清铁调素、FEP水平,对比不同程度缺铁性贫血患者血清铁调素、FEP水平,分析血清铁调素、FEP水平及二者联合对缺铁性贫血的诊断效能。结果 研究组平均红细胞体积(MCV)、红细胞计数(RBC)、平均血红蛋白量(MCH)水平比对照组低(P<0.05),而研究组红细胞分布宽度(RDW)水平比对照组高(P<0.05);重度贫血组血清铁调素水平低于轻度贫血组、中度贫血组(P<0.05),中度贫血组血清铁调素水平低于轻度贫血组(P<0.05);重度贫血组血清FEP水平高于轻度贫血组、中度贫血组(P<0.05),中度贫血组血清FEP水平高于轻度贫血组(P<0.05);血清铁调素、FEP水平及二者联合诊断缺铁性贫血的曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.778、0.774、0.906(P<0.05),且二者联合诊断的AUC值更高(P<0.05)。结论 血清铁调素、FEP水平可用于诊断缺铁性贫血,且二者联合具有更高的诊断效能。

Photosensitization of Protoporphyrin——ESR Research on Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ Reaction Mechanisms

More attention has been paid to hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), an useful porphyrin photosensitizer used in tumor detection and treatment.Although the photosensitization of Photofrin Ⅱ and YHPD made in China is higher than that of HPD, the percentages of some of their porphyrin components are greatly different. This raises questions. Which porphyrin component is active? Why is it active? International photochemical and medical scientists have been discussing the chemical structure,

ProtoporphyrinⅨand verteporfin potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2

The SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading rapidly worldwide.Efficacious antiviral therapeutics against SARSCo V-2 is urgently needed.Here,we discovered that protoporphyrin IX(Pp IX)and verteporfin,two Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drugs,completely inhibited the cytopathic effect produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at 1.25 lmol/L and 0.31 lmol/L,respectively,and their EC50 values of reduction of viral RNA were at nanomolar concentrations.The selectivity indices of Pp IX and verteporfin were 952.74 and 368.93,respectively,suggesting a broad margin of safety.Importantly,Pp IX and verteporfin prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice adenovirally transduced with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).The compounds,sharing a porphyrin ring structure,were shown to bind viral receptor ACE2 and interfere with the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain of viral S protein.Our study suggests that Pp IX and verteporfin are potent antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection and sheds new light on developing novel chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.

肉制品中锌原卟啉形成研究进展

锌原卟啉(zinc-protoporphyrin IX,ZnPP)是一种主要在肉制品(如无硝干腌火腿)加工过程中成熟阶段自然产生的红色素,它以Zn^(2+)的形式配位于原卟啉IX(protoporphyrin IX,PPIX),性质稳定,能有效改善肉制品的颜色。为丰富ZnPP在形成过程中影响因素的调控机制,该文综述了ZnPP在肉制品形成过程中的影响因素,介绍了3种ZnPP形成机制的假说:厌氧条件下金属离子的非酶取代反应、亚铁螯合酶直接参与的酶促反应、细菌的酶促反应。并对ZnPP相关研究方向及应用前景进行展望,为最大程度获取ZnPP,提高其在肉制品行业中的高值化利用率提供科学参考。

诺邓火腿红色素的分离纯化及结构鉴定

为探究诺邓火腿红色素化学本质,采用75%丙酮溶液提取,结合C18固相萃取小柱进行分离纯化,通过紫外-可见光光谱(ultraviolet spectroscopy,UV-Vis)、荧光光谱、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared,FTIR)和核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)共同表征诺邓火腿红色素的化学结构。结果表明:在UV-Vis中416 nm处有1个强吸收峰,546 nm和584 nm处有2个弱对称吸收峰,符合金属卟啉特征;以420 nm激发,红色素在590 nm处有1个强荧光发射峰,644 nm处有1个弱荧光发射峰,与Zn-原卟啉IX(Zn protoporphyrin IX,ZnPP)标准品比对后高度重合,表明卟啉环中的金属离子是锌离子;在UPLC-MS/MS的正离子(m/z 625.1779[M+H]^(+))和负离子(m/z 623.1614[M-H]^(-))模式下均检测出ZnPP的存在;在FTIR中发现—CH_(3)、—CH_(2)—、C=O、羧基中—C—OH、烯烃上的C-H和卟啉环C=N等卟啉环上的特征官能团伸缩振动;分析诺邓火腿红色素的1H-NMR,发现与其目标化合物ZnPP结构一致,因此鉴定出诺邓火腿红色素的化学本质为ZnPP。研究结果可以为诺邓火腿色泽调控提供一定理论依据。

锌原卟啉形成和呈色机理及替代肉制品中亚硝酸盐的研究进展

亚硝酸盐因特有的功效被广泛用于肉制品加工中,特别是其促进肉制品发色和抑菌的作用。由于消费者对亚硝酸盐健康风险的担忧和对天然清洁标签产品的需求,寻找亚硝酸盐替代品成为肉制品加工的研究热点。锌原卟啉(zinc protoporphyrin,ZnPP)作为一种天然的色素物质,在促进肉制品发色方面发挥了显著优势。本文阐述了ZnPP的性质、形成机理、定量分析方法和在肉制品中的分布情况,重点综述了ZnPP形成的影响因素,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为低硝肉制品加工产业的发展提供新的途径。

猪副产物中锌原卟啉形成差异分析

目的 探究猪副产物中锌原卟啉(zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP)形成差异。方法 本研究以猪副产物为研究对象,分析猪副产物间ZnPP含量的差异并以铁螯合酶(ferrochelatase,FECH)活性为指标探究产生差异的原因。采用紫外光谱、荧光光谱及化学模拟实验测定猪副产物中ZnPP的含量、FECH的活性,探究ZnPP与FECH之间的关系。结果 由75%丙酮提取的猪副产物中红色素的紫外光谱和荧光光谱与ZnPP标准品的紫外光谱和荧光光谱高度重合,证明从副产物中所提取的红色素为ZnPP。猪副产物间ZnPP的含量存在显著性差异,其中猪肝中ZnPP含量在孵育72h达到最大值,此时测得的荧光强度高达25655.44A.U。而FECH活性测定结果表明猪肝中FECH的活性远优于其他副产物。皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析结果表明ZnPP与FECH之间存在极显著关系。结论 本研究进一步确定了猪肝脏具有良好的ZnPP形成能力,不仅为副产物附加值利用提供了方向,同时为ZnPP的研究提供新的思路。