Ethylene carbonate(EC)is widely used in lithium-ion batteries due to its optimal overall performance with satisfactory conductivity,relatively stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and wide electrochemical window.E...Ethylene carbonate(EC)is widely used in lithium-ion batteries due to its optimal overall performance with satisfactory conductivity,relatively stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and wide electrochemical window.EC is also the most widely used electrolyte solvent in sodium ion batteries.However,compared to lithium metal,sodium metal(Na)shows higher activity and reacts violently with EC-based electrolyte(NaPF_(6)as solute),which leads to the failure of sodium metal batteries(SMBs).Herein,we reveal the electrochemical instability mechanism of EC on sodium metal battery,and find that the com-bination of EC and NaPF_(6) is electrically reduced in sodium metal anode during charging,resulting in the reduction of the first coulombic efficiency,and the continuous consumption of electrolyte leads to the cell failure.To address the above issues,an additive modified linear carbonate-based electrolyte is provided as a substitute for EC based electrolytes.Specifically,ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC)and dimethyl carbon-ate(DMC)as solvents and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as SEI-forming additive have been identified as the optimal solvent for NaFP_(6)based electrolyte and used in Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))/Na batteries.The batter-ies exhibit excellent capacity retention rate of about 80%over 1000 cycles at a cut-off voltage of 4.3 V.展开更多
The practical applications of high-capacity alloy-type anode materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are challenged by their vast volume effects and resulting unstable electrode-electrolyte interphases during discharge...The practical applications of high-capacity alloy-type anode materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are challenged by their vast volume effects and resulting unstable electrode-electrolyte interphases during discharge-charge cycling.Taking red phosphorus(P)/carbon anode material as an example,we report an on-site conversion reaction to intentionally eliminate the volume effect-dominated surface P and yield an ionically conducting layer of Na3PS4solid-state electrolyte on the composite.Such a surface reconstruction can significantly suppress the electrode swelling and simultaneously enable the activation energy of interfacial Na+transfer as low as 36.7 k J mol^(-1),resulting in excellent electrode stability and ultrafast reaction kinetics.Consequently,excellent cycling performance(510 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles with a tiny capacity fading rate of 0.016%per cycle)and outstanding rate capability(484 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)are achieved in half cells.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO4)3cathode,the full cells exhibit 100%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 5C with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.93%and a high energy density of 125.5 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 8215.6 W kg^(-1)(charge or discharge within~49 s).Remarkably,the full cell can steadily operate at a high areal capacity of 1.9 mA h cm^(-2),the highest level among red P-based full SIBs ever reported.展开更多
Background Taurine performs multiple physiological functions,and the maintenance of taurine level for most mammals relies on active uptake from diet and endogenous taurine synthesis through its synthesis enzymes,inclu...Background Taurine performs multiple physiological functions,and the maintenance of taurine level for most mammals relies on active uptake from diet and endogenous taurine synthesis through its synthesis enzymes,including cysteine dioxygenase(CDO).In addition,uterus tissue and uterus fluid are rich in to urine,and to urine synthesis is regulated by estrogen(E2)and progesterone(P_(4)),the key hormones priming embryo-uterine crosstalk during embryo implantation,but the functional interactions and mechanisms among which are largely unknown.The present study was thus proposed to identify the effects of CDO and taurine on embryo implantation and related mechanisms by using Cdo knockout(KO)and ovariectomy(OVX)mouse models.Results The uterine CDO expression was assayed from the first day of plugging(d 1)to d 8 and the results showed that CDO expression level increased from d 1 to d 4,followed by a significant decline on d 5 and persisted to d 8,which was highly correlated with serum and uterine taurine levels,and serum P_(4) concentration.Next,Cdo KO mouse was established by CRISPER/Cas9.It was showed that Cdo deletion sharply decreased the taurine levels both in serum and uterus tissue,causing implantation defects and severe subfertility.However,the implantation defects in Cdo KO mice were partly rescued by the taurine supplementation.In addition,Cdo deletion led to a sharp decrease in the expressions of P_(4)receptor(PR)and its responsive genes Ihh,Hoxa10 and Hand2.Although the expression of uterine estrogen receptor(ERa)had no significant change,the levels of ERa induced genes(Muc1,Ltf)during the implantation window were upregulated after Cdo deletion.These accompanied by the suppression of stroma cell proliferation.Meanwhile,E2inhibited CDO expression through ERa and P_(4)upregulated CDO expression through PR.Conclusion The present study firstly demonstrates that taurine and CDO play prominent roles in uterine receptivity and embryo implantation by involving in E2-ERa and P_(4)-PR signaling.These are crucial for our understanding the mechanism of embryo implantation,and infer that taurine is a potential agent for improving reproductive efficiency of livestock industry and reproductive medicine.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172201,51732005,51902118,and 52102249)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662609and 2020T130217)for financial support。
文摘Ethylene carbonate(EC)is widely used in lithium-ion batteries due to its optimal overall performance with satisfactory conductivity,relatively stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and wide electrochemical window.EC is also the most widely used electrolyte solvent in sodium ion batteries.However,compared to lithium metal,sodium metal(Na)shows higher activity and reacts violently with EC-based electrolyte(NaPF_(6)as solute),which leads to the failure of sodium metal batteries(SMBs).Herein,we reveal the electrochemical instability mechanism of EC on sodium metal battery,and find that the com-bination of EC and NaPF_(6) is electrically reduced in sodium metal anode during charging,resulting in the reduction of the first coulombic efficiency,and the continuous consumption of electrolyte leads to the cell failure.To address the above issues,an additive modified linear carbonate-based electrolyte is provided as a substitute for EC based electrolytes.Specifically,ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC)and dimethyl carbon-ate(DMC)as solvents and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as SEI-forming additive have been identified as the optimal solvent for NaFP_(6)based electrolyte and used in Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))/Na batteries.The batter-ies exhibit excellent capacity retention rate of about 80%over 1000 cycles at a cut-off voltage of 4.3 V.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976143)the Guangdong Key Areas Research and Development Program(2020B090904001 and 2019B090909003)。
文摘The practical applications of high-capacity alloy-type anode materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are challenged by their vast volume effects and resulting unstable electrode-electrolyte interphases during discharge-charge cycling.Taking red phosphorus(P)/carbon anode material as an example,we report an on-site conversion reaction to intentionally eliminate the volume effect-dominated surface P and yield an ionically conducting layer of Na3PS4solid-state electrolyte on the composite.Such a surface reconstruction can significantly suppress the electrode swelling and simultaneously enable the activation energy of interfacial Na+transfer as low as 36.7 k J mol^(-1),resulting in excellent electrode stability and ultrafast reaction kinetics.Consequently,excellent cycling performance(510 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles with a tiny capacity fading rate of 0.016%per cycle)and outstanding rate capability(484 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)are achieved in half cells.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO4)3cathode,the full cells exhibit 100%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 5C with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.93%and a high energy density of 125.5 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 8215.6 W kg^(-1)(charge or discharge within~49 s).Remarkably,the full cell can steadily operate at a high areal capacity of 1.9 mA h cm^(-2),the highest level among red P-based full SIBs ever reported.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (32130098)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘Background Taurine performs multiple physiological functions,and the maintenance of taurine level for most mammals relies on active uptake from diet and endogenous taurine synthesis through its synthesis enzymes,including cysteine dioxygenase(CDO).In addition,uterus tissue and uterus fluid are rich in to urine,and to urine synthesis is regulated by estrogen(E2)and progesterone(P_(4)),the key hormones priming embryo-uterine crosstalk during embryo implantation,but the functional interactions and mechanisms among which are largely unknown.The present study was thus proposed to identify the effects of CDO and taurine on embryo implantation and related mechanisms by using Cdo knockout(KO)and ovariectomy(OVX)mouse models.Results The uterine CDO expression was assayed from the first day of plugging(d 1)to d 8 and the results showed that CDO expression level increased from d 1 to d 4,followed by a significant decline on d 5 and persisted to d 8,which was highly correlated with serum and uterine taurine levels,and serum P_(4) concentration.Next,Cdo KO mouse was established by CRISPER/Cas9.It was showed that Cdo deletion sharply decreased the taurine levels both in serum and uterus tissue,causing implantation defects and severe subfertility.However,the implantation defects in Cdo KO mice were partly rescued by the taurine supplementation.In addition,Cdo deletion led to a sharp decrease in the expressions of P_(4)receptor(PR)and its responsive genes Ihh,Hoxa10 and Hand2.Although the expression of uterine estrogen receptor(ERa)had no significant change,the levels of ERa induced genes(Muc1,Ltf)during the implantation window were upregulated after Cdo deletion.These accompanied by the suppression of stroma cell proliferation.Meanwhile,E2inhibited CDO expression through ERa and P_(4)upregulated CDO expression through PR.Conclusion The present study firstly demonstrates that taurine and CDO play prominent roles in uterine receptivity and embryo implantation by involving in E2-ERa and P_(4)-PR signaling.These are crucial for our understanding the mechanism of embryo implantation,and infer that taurine is a potential agent for improving reproductive efficiency of livestock industry and reproductive medicine.
