BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)sensation is the experience of additional limbs,either single or a pair of limbs.Unique to traumatic spinal cord injuries,we report effect of transcranial direct current stimu...BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)sensation is the experience of additional limbs,either single or a pair of limbs.Unique to traumatic spinal cord injuries,we report effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on SPL pain in a patient with cervical cord injury.CASE SUMMARY The subject was a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with complete spinal cord injury(C6/C5,motor level;C5/C5,sensory level;AIS-A)approximately three months ago.After a period of 2 wk,we administered anodal tDCS over the motor cortex for 15 minutes at an intensity of 1.5 mA.Following that treatment,the patient experienced a decrease of SPL pain intensity and frequency,which lasted for 1 week after the end of treatment.CONCLUSION Targeting the motor cortex through neuromodulation appears to be a promising option for the management of SPL pain.展开更多
Traumatic amputations remain one of the most frequent and disturbing wounds of armed conflict.In this scenario,most amputees develop residual and phantom limb pain,impacting their quality of life.There are several ele...Traumatic amputations remain one of the most frequent and disturbing wounds of armed conflict.In this scenario,most amputees develop residual and phantom limb pain,impacting their quality of life.There are several elective surgical procedures available for both conditions,such as neuroma excision followed by nerve reconstruction,nerve relocation,e.g.,surgically implanting a transected nerve into a muscle,nerve transfers in cases of associated paralysis,and most recently,regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery.Whenever possible in the post-conflict phase,a coordinated effort between traveling humanitarian surgeons specializing in reconstructive microsurgery and local healthcare providers is essential for successfully treating phantom and chronic residual limb pain in post-conflict amputees.While providing a detailed logistical framework for global humanitarian missions is beyond the scope of this article,we provide a brief perspective on a topic of utmost importance for reconstructive surgeons worldwide:the high-quality care and treatment of refugees and those whose lives have been impacted by conflict,disaster,or displacement.展开更多
This paper studies phantom linear scalar field （LSF） and phantom non-linear Born-Infeld （NLBI） scalar field with square potential of the form V（Ф） =1/2m^2Ф^2. The equation of state parameter w（z）, and evolut...This paper studies phantom linear scalar field （LSF） and phantom non-linear Born-Infeld （NLBI） scalar field with square potential of the form V（Ф） =1/2m^2Ф^2. The equation of state parameter w（z）, and evolution of scale factor a（t） in both phantom LSF and phantom NLBI scalar model are explored. The age of universe Hot and the transition redshift Z are obtained. The Gold data set of 157-SN-Ia is used to constrain parameters of the two models by numerical calculation. The phantom LSF is slightly better than the phantom NLBI type scalar field model for a large m. Although a smaller m corresponding to a slower rolling of field Ф better fits the observation data, the difference between phantom NLBI scalar field and phantom LSF is not distinct in this case.展开更多
Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification a...Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification and validation, and medical devices development. Such new applications demand high-fidelity, patient-specific, tissue-mimicking medical phantoms that can not only closely emulate the geometric structures of human organs, but also possess the properties and functions of the organ structure. With the rapid advancement of three-dimensional （3D） printing and 3D bioprinting technologies, many researchers have explored the use of these additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate functional medical phantoms for various applications. This paper reviews the applications of these 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies for the fabrication of functional medical phantoms and bio-structures. This review specifically discusses the state of the art along with new developments and trends in 3D printed functional medical phantoms （i.e., tissue-mimicking medical phantoms, radiologically relevant medical phantoms, and physiological medical phantoms） and 3D bio-printed structures （i.e., hybrid scaffolding materials, convertible scaffolds, and integrated sensors） for regenerated tissues and organs.展开更多
Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with.Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain,there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to ...Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with.Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain,there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice.Thus,a systematic review was performed to analyze the efficacy of central nervous system stimulation therapies as a strategy for pain management in patients with phantom limb pain.A literature search for studies conducted between 1970 and September 2020 was carried out using the MEDLINE and Embase databases.Principles of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline were followed.There were a total of 10 full-text articles retrieved and included in this review.Deep brain stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,and motor cortex stimulation were the treatment strategies used in the selected clinical trials.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation were effective therapies to reduce pain perception,as well as to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients.Conversely,invasive approaches were considered the last treatment option as evidence in deep brain stimulation and motor cortex stimulation suggests that the value of phantom limb pain treatment remains controversial.However,the findings on use of these treatment strategies in other forms of neuropathic pain suggest that these invasive approaches could be a potential option for phantom limb pain patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.He...BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.Herein,we report a rare case of SPL in a patient with incomplete SCI.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old man complained of four hands 7 d after SCI.He was diagnosed with SPL complicated with actual limb neuropathic pain.Following a period of treatment with neurotrophic agents and Chinese traditional and analgesic medications,SPL symptoms and actual limb pain did not improve.However,his symptoms gradually lessened after combined treatment with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),a promising neuromodulation technique,over the M1 cortex and visual feedback.After 7 wk of this treatment,SPL disappeared completely and actual limb pain was significantly relieved.CONCLUSION Cerebral plasticity changes may be a mechanism underlying the occurrence of non-painful SPL in SCI patients,and high-frequency rTMS applied to the M1 cortex could be a promising treatment method for SPL.展开更多
在新型Phantom 4K摄影机中有很多技术创新。最重要的方面是图像质量的提高。噪波控制也非常好,动态范围至少提高了2档,增加了电源输入输出(I/O)选项和辅助接口使摄影机更加满足电影现场拍摄的需要。在摄影机右侧面的智能屏显中呈现更多...在新型Phantom 4K摄影机中有很多技术创新。最重要的方面是图像质量的提高。噪波控制也非常好,动态范围至少提高了2档,增加了电源输入输出(I/O)选项和辅助接口使摄影机更加满足电影现场拍摄的需要。在摄影机右侧面的智能屏显中呈现更多的摄影机控制。围绕菜单和控制部分,摄影机功能也作了改善。摄影机在4K(4096 X 2160)分辨率下拍摄速度1000帧/秒,实时拍摄时长4.展开更多
Monte Carlo simulations are frequently utilized in radiation dose assessments.However,many researchers find the prevailing computing platforms to be intricate.This highlights a pressing need for a specialized framewor...Monte Carlo simulations are frequently utilized in radiation dose assessments.However,many researchers find the prevailing computing platforms to be intricate.This highlights a pressing need for a specialized framework for phantom dose evalua-tion.To address this gap,we developed a user-friendly radiation dose assessment platform using the Monte Carlo toolkit,Geant4.The Tsinghua University Phantom Dose(THUDosePD)augments the flexibility of Monte Carlo simulations in dosi-metric research.Originating from THUDose,a code with generic,functional,and application layers,THUDosePD focuses predominantly on anatomical phantom dose assessment.Additionally,it enables medical exposure simulation,intricate geometry creation,and supports both three-dimensional radiation dose analysis and phantom format transformations.The system operates on a multi-threaded parallel CPU architecture,with some modules enhanced for GPU parallel computing.Benchmark tests on the ICRP reference male illustrated the capabilities of THUDosePD in phantom dose assessment,covering the effective dose,three-dimensional dose distribution,and three-dimensional organ dose.We also conducted a voxelization conversion on the polygon mesh phantom,demonstrating the method’s efficiency and consistency.Extended applications based on THUDosePD further underline its broad adaptability.This intuitive,three-dimensional platform stands out as a valuable tool for phantom radiation dosimetry research.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)sensation is the experience of additional limbs,either single or a pair of limbs.Unique to traumatic spinal cord injuries,we report effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on SPL pain in a patient with cervical cord injury.CASE SUMMARY The subject was a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with complete spinal cord injury(C6/C5,motor level;C5/C5,sensory level;AIS-A)approximately three months ago.After a period of 2 wk,we administered anodal tDCS over the motor cortex for 15 minutes at an intensity of 1.5 mA.Following that treatment,the patient experienced a decrease of SPL pain intensity and frequency,which lasted for 1 week after the end of treatment.CONCLUSION Targeting the motor cortex through neuromodulation appears to be a promising option for the management of SPL pain.
文摘Traumatic amputations remain one of the most frequent and disturbing wounds of armed conflict.In this scenario,most amputees develop residual and phantom limb pain,impacting their quality of life.There are several elective surgical procedures available for both conditions,such as neuroma excision followed by nerve reconstruction,nerve relocation,e.g.,surgically implanting a transected nerve into a muscle,nerve transfers in cases of associated paralysis,and most recently,regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery.Whenever possible in the post-conflict phase,a coordinated effort between traveling humanitarian surgeons specializing in reconstructive microsurgery and local healthcare providers is essential for successfully treating phantom and chronic residual limb pain in post-conflict amputees.While providing a detailed logistical framework for global humanitarian missions is beyond the scope of this article,we provide a brief perspective on a topic of utmost importance for reconstructive surgeons worldwide:the high-quality care and treatment of refugees and those whose lives have been impacted by conflict,disaster,or displacement.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos.10573012, 10575068）, and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission （Grant No.04dz05905）
文摘This paper studies phantom linear scalar field （LSF） and phantom non-linear Born-Infeld （NLBI） scalar field with square potential of the form V（Ф） =1/2m^2Ф^2. The equation of state parameter w（z）, and evolution of scale factor a（t） in both phantom LSF and phantom NLBI scalar model are explored. The age of universe Hot and the transition redshift Z are obtained. The Gold data set of 157-SN-Ia is used to constrain parameters of the two models by numerical calculation. The phantom LSF is slightly better than the phantom NLBI type scalar field model for a large m. Although a smaller m corresponding to a slower rolling of field Ф better fits the observation data, the difference between phantom NLBI scalar field and phantom LSF is not distinct in this case.
文摘Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification and validation, and medical devices development. Such new applications demand high-fidelity, patient-specific, tissue-mimicking medical phantoms that can not only closely emulate the geometric structures of human organs, but also possess the properties and functions of the organ structure. With the rapid advancement of three-dimensional （3D） printing and 3D bioprinting technologies, many researchers have explored the use of these additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate functional medical phantoms for various applications. This paper reviews the applications of these 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies for the fabrication of functional medical phantoms and bio-structures. This review specifically discusses the state of the art along with new developments and trends in 3D printed functional medical phantoms （i.e., tissue-mimicking medical phantoms, radiologically relevant medical phantoms, and physiological medical phantoms） and 3D bio-printed structures （i.e., hybrid scaffolding materials, convertible scaffolds, and integrated sensors） for regenerated tissues and organs.
文摘Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with.Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain,there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice.Thus,a systematic review was performed to analyze the efficacy of central nervous system stimulation therapies as a strategy for pain management in patients with phantom limb pain.A literature search for studies conducted between 1970 and September 2020 was carried out using the MEDLINE and Embase databases.Principles of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline were followed.There were a total of 10 full-text articles retrieved and included in this review.Deep brain stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,and motor cortex stimulation were the treatment strategies used in the selected clinical trials.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation were effective therapies to reduce pain perception,as well as to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients.Conversely,invasive approaches were considered the last treatment option as evidence in deep brain stimulation and motor cortex stimulation suggests that the value of phantom limb pain treatment remains controversial.However,the findings on use of these treatment strategies in other forms of neuropathic pain suggest that these invasive approaches could be a potential option for phantom limb pain patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.Herein,we report a rare case of SPL in a patient with incomplete SCI.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old man complained of four hands 7 d after SCI.He was diagnosed with SPL complicated with actual limb neuropathic pain.Following a period of treatment with neurotrophic agents and Chinese traditional and analgesic medications,SPL symptoms and actual limb pain did not improve.However,his symptoms gradually lessened after combined treatment with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),a promising neuromodulation technique,over the M1 cortex and visual feedback.After 7 wk of this treatment,SPL disappeared completely and actual limb pain was significantly relieved.CONCLUSION Cerebral plasticity changes may be a mechanism underlying the occurrence of non-painful SPL in SCI patients,and high-frequency rTMS applied to the M1 cortex could be a promising treatment method for SPL.
文摘在新型Phantom 4K摄影机中有很多技术创新。最重要的方面是图像质量的提高。噪波控制也非常好,动态范围至少提高了2档,增加了电源输入输出(I/O)选项和辅助接口使摄影机更加满足电影现场拍摄的需要。在摄影机右侧面的智能屏显中呈现更多的摄影机控制。围绕菜单和控制部分,摄影机功能也作了改善。摄影机在4K(4096 X 2160)分辨率下拍摄速度1000帧/秒,实时拍摄时长4.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)(Nos.12175114,U2167209)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Metrology and Calibration Technology(No.JLKG2022001C001)+2 种基金the Platform Development foundation of China Institute for Radiation Protection(No.YP21030101)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0603600)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(No.20211080081).
文摘Monte Carlo simulations are frequently utilized in radiation dose assessments.However,many researchers find the prevailing computing platforms to be intricate.This highlights a pressing need for a specialized framework for phantom dose evalua-tion.To address this gap,we developed a user-friendly radiation dose assessment platform using the Monte Carlo toolkit,Geant4.The Tsinghua University Phantom Dose(THUDosePD)augments the flexibility of Monte Carlo simulations in dosi-metric research.Originating from THUDose,a code with generic,functional,and application layers,THUDosePD focuses predominantly on anatomical phantom dose assessment.Additionally,it enables medical exposure simulation,intricate geometry creation,and supports both three-dimensional radiation dose analysis and phantom format transformations.The system operates on a multi-threaded parallel CPU architecture,with some modules enhanced for GPU parallel computing.Benchmark tests on the ICRP reference male illustrated the capabilities of THUDosePD in phantom dose assessment,covering the effective dose,three-dimensional dose distribution,and three-dimensional organ dose.We also conducted a voxelization conversion on the polygon mesh phantom,demonstrating the method’s efficiency and consistency.Extended applications based on THUDosePD further underline its broad adaptability.This intuitive,three-dimensional platform stands out as a valuable tool for phantom radiation dosimetry research.
