Boosting Chemodynamic Therapy by the Synergistic Effect of Co‑Catalyze and Photothermal Effect Triggered by the Second Near‑Infrared Light

In spite of the tumor microenvironments responsive cancer therapy based on Fenton reaction(i.e.,chemodynamic therapy,CDT)has been attracted more attentions in recent years,the limited Fenton reaction efficiency is the important obstacle to further application in clinic.Herein,we synthesized novel FeO/MoS2 nanocomposites modified by bovine serum albumin(FeO/MoS2-BSA)with boosted Fenton reaction efficiency by the synergistic effect of co-catalyze and photothermal effect of MoS2 nanosheets triggered by the second near-infrared(NIR II)light.In the tumor microenvironments,the MoS2 nanosheets not only can accelerate the conversion of Fe3+ions to Fe2+ions by Mo4+ions on their surface to improve Fenton reaction efficiency,but also endow FeO/MoS2-BSA with good photothermal performances for photothermal-enhanced CDT and photothermal therapy(PTT).Consequently,benefiting from the synergetic-enhanced CDT/PTT,the tumors are eradicated completely in vivo.This work provides innovative synergistic strategy for constructing nanocomposites for highly efficient CDT.

Preparation of gold tetrananocages and their photothermal effect

A gold tetrahedral nanocage, i.e., a tetrananocage, that converts near-infrared （NIR） light into heat was fabricated by using a simple method. Silver tetrahedra with good homogeneity and dispersity were synthesized by a hydrothermal route. Gold tetrananocages were obtained using a galvanic replacement reaction between Ag tetrahedra and HAuC14 solution. The surface plasmon resonance （SPR） of gold tetrananocages was tuned from 412 nm to 850 nm through controlling the volume of HAuC14 solution added. This Au tetrananocage can effectively convert NIR light into heat when the SPR couples with the exciting light. When cancer cells are cultured with the gold tetrananocages for several hours and irradiated, the gold tetrananocages destroy the cancer cells effectively and demonstrate themselves to be a good candidate for combating cancer.

A tightly bonded reduced graphene oxide coating on magnesium alloy with photothermal effect for tumor therapy

Photothermal therapy becomes a hotspot in the treatment of bone tumors. Magnesium and its alloys are regarded as potential bone implants for their favorable mechanical property and biodegradable in vivo. However, there is few research devoted to fabricating a photothermal coating on Mg alloy. In the present study, reduced graphene oxide coating with a strong photothermal effect was prepared on the surface of AZ31via two steps. Firstly, graphene oxide coating was deposited on the surface via electrophoresis deposited(GO#), followed by a reduction process of the graphene oxide coating in ultrapure water(rGO#). GO# and rGO# coatings were characterized by SEM, Raman, XRD, FTIR,and XPS. The results revealed that, compared with GO# coating, the content of oxygen-containing(C-O/C-O-C, C=O, O-C=O) groups on rGO# coating was significantly decreased. rGO# coating was found tightly adhered to AZ31 substrate. According to the first-principles calculations, the well-bonded heterostructure between MgO and rGO is the main reason for the strong bonding force. Moreover, the prepared rGO# coating showed a superior photothermal effect, which brings a new strategy to the treatment of bone tumors with Mg-based implants.

Construction of 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

The insensitivity of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key constraint on the utilization of light energy in photocatalytic reactions.Constructing photocatalysts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully harnessing light energy in semiconductor materials.Herein,a novel stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heterojunction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)CdS nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal method.The exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-alytic hydrogen evolution capability upon the heterogeneous catalyst.The unique 2D/2D structure effectively mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst.Moreover,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of CdS.Under irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite catalyst with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of CdS catalyst.This study introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption catalysts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution research.

Recent advances in photothermal effects for hydrogen evolution

Photothermal effect has been widely employed in the H2 evolution process at the advantage of using clean energy sources to produce another one of higher benefits.The solar-to-heat conversion have various forms and heat can facilitate reactions in a variety of dimensions.Hence,summarizing the sources and destinations of heat is important for constructing hydrogen production systems of higher efficiency.This view mainly focuses on the recent state-of-art progress of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)based on photothermal effect.First,we introduce the main pathways of photothermal conversions applied in H2 evolution.Then,the functions of the photothermal effect are clearly summarized.Furthermore,we go beyond the catalytic reaction and introduce a method to improve the catalytic system by changing the catalytic bulk phase through thermal means.In the end,we sort out the challenges and outlook to offer some noble insights for this promising area.

A CS-based composite scaffold with excellent photothermal effect and its application in full-thickness skin wound healing

The development of natural polymer-based scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility,antibacterial activity,and blood compatibility,able to facilitate full-thickness skin wound healing,remains challenging.In this study,we have developed three chitosan(CS)-based porous scaffolds,including CS,CS/CNT(carbon nanotubes)and CS/CNT/HA(nano-hydroxyapatite,n-HA)using a freeze-drying method.All three scaffolds have a high swelling ratio,excellent antibacterial activity,outstanding cytocompatibility and blood compatibility in vitro.The introduction of CNTs exhibited an obvious increase in mechanical properties and exerts excellent photothermal response,which displays excellent healing performance as a wound dressing in mouse full-thickness skin wound model when compared to CS scaffolds.CS/CNT/HA composite scaffolds present the strongest ability to promote full-thickness cutaneous wound closure and skin regeneration,which might be ascribed to the synergistic effect of photothermal response from CNT and excellent bioactivity from n-HA.Overall,the present study indicated that CNT and n-HA can be engineered as effective constituents in wound dressings to facilitate full-thickness skin regeneration.

Portable multi-amplified temperature sensing for tumor exosomes based on MnO_(2)/IR780 nanozyme with high photothermal effect and oxidase-like activity

Efficient determination of tumor exosomes using portable devices is crucial for the establishment of facile and convenient early cancer diagnostic methods. However, it is still challenging to effectively amplify the detection signal to achieve tumor exosomes detection with high sensitivity by portable devices. To address this issue, we developed a portable multi-amplified temperature sensing strategy for highly sensitive detecting tumor exosomes based on multifunctional manganese dioxide/IR780 nanosheets(MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs) nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity and enhanced photothermal performance.Inspiringly, MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs were synthesized via a facile one-step method with mild experimental conditions, which not only exhibited a stronger photothermal effect than that of MnO_(2) but also showed excellent oxidase-like activity that can catalyze the oxidation of 3',3',5',5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) to generate TMB oxide(oxTMB) with a robust photothermal property, thus conjoining with MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs to further enhance the temperature signal. The present assay enables highly sensitive determination of tumor exosomes with the detection limit down to 5.1×10~3 particles/mL, which was comparable or superior to those of the most previously reported sensors. Furthermore, detection of tumor exosomes spiked in biological samples was successfully realized. More importantly, our method showed the recommendable portability, robust applicability, and easy manipulation. By taking advantages of these features,this high-performance photothermal sensor offered a promising alternative means for nondestructive early cancer diagnosis and treatment efficacy evaluation.

Elimination of methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on titanium implants via photothermally‑triggered nitric oxide and immunotherapy for enhanced osseointegration

Background:Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of titanium(Ti)implants.There is a need to explore more effective approaches for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections.Methods:Herein,an interfacial functionalization strategy is proposed by the integration of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles(PDA),nitric oxide(NO)release donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)and osteogenic growth peptide(OGP)onto Ti implants,denoted as Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP.The physical and chemical properties of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP were assessed by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,water contact angle,photothermal property and NO release behavior.The synergistic antibacterial effect and elimination of the MRSA biofilms were evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe,1-N-phenylnaphthylamine assay,adenosine triphosphate intensity,O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside hydrolysis activity,bicinchoninic acid leakage.Fluorescence staining,assays for alkaline phosphatase activity,collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization,quantitative real‑time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to evaluate the inflammatory response and osteogenic ability in bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs),RAW264.7 cells and their co-culture system.Giemsa staining,ELISA,micro-CT,hematoxylin and eosin,Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the eradication of MRSA biofilms,inhibition of inflammatory response,and promotion of osseointegration of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP in vivo.Results:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP displayed a synergistic photothermal and NO-dependent antibacterial effect against MRSA following near-infrared light(NIR)irradiation,and effectively eliminated the formed MRSA biofilms by inducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated oxidative stress,destroying bacterial membrane integrity and causing leakage of intracellular components(P<0.01).In vitro experiments revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP not only facilitated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs,but also promoted the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The favorable osteo-immune microenvironment further facilitated osteogenesis of MSCs and the anti-inflammation of RAW264.7 cells via multiple paracrine signaling pathways(P<0.01).In vivo evaluation confirmed the aforementioned results and revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP induced ameliorative osseointegration in an MRSA-infected femoral defect implantation model(P<0.01).Conclusions:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP is a promising multi-functional material for the high-efficient treatment of MRSA infections in implant replacement surgeries.

Rational construction of CuFe_(2)O_(4)@C/Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for extraordinary photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

Rational design of photocatalyst to maximize the use of sunlight is one of the issues to be solved in photocatalysis technology.In this study,the CuFe_(2)O_(4)@C/Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S(CFO@C/CZS)S-scheme photocatalyst with photothermal effect was synthesized by ultrasonic self-assembly combined with calcination.The dark CFO@C absorbed visible light and partly converted into heat to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction.The presence of heterojunctions inhibited the photogenerated electron-hole recombination.The graphite-carbon layer provided a stable channel for electron transfer,and the presence of magnetic CFO made recycle easier.Under the action of photothermal assistance and heterojunction,the hydrogen evolution rate of the optimal CFO@C/CZS was 80.79 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which was 2.55 times and 260.61 times of that of pure CZS and CFO@C,respectively.Notably,the composite samples also exhibit excellent stability and a wide range of environmental adaptability.Through experimental tests and first-principles simulation calculation methods,the plausible mechanism of photoactivity enhancement was proposed.This work provided a feasible strategy of photothermal assistance for the development of heterojunction photocatalysts with distinctive hydrogen evolution.

CA IX-targeted Ag_(2)S quantum dots bioprobe for NIR-II imaging-guided hypoxia tumor chemo-photothermal therapy

Hypoxia is the common characteristic of almost all solid tumors,which prevents therapeutic drugs from reaching the tumors.Therefore,the development of new targeted agents for the accurate diagnosis of hypoxia tumors is widely concerned.As carbonic anhydrase IX(CA IX)is abundantly distributed on the hypoxia tumor cells,it is considered as a potential tumor biomarker.4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzenesulfonamide(ABS)as a CA IX inhibitor has inherent inhibitory activity and good targeting effect.In this study,Ag_(2)S quantum dots(QDs)were used as the carrier to prepare a novel diagnostic and therapeutic bioprobe(Ag_(2)S@polyethylene glycol(PEG)-ABS)through ligand exchange and amide condensation reaction.Ag_(2)S@PEG-ABS can selectively target tumors by surface-modified ABS and achieve accurate tumor imaging by the near infrared-II(NIR-II)fluorescence characteristics of Ag_(2)S QDs.PEG modification of Ag_(2)S QDs greatly improves its water solubility and stability,and therefore achieves high photothermal stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)of 45.17%.Under laser irradiation,Ag_(2)S@PEG-ABS has powerful photothermal and inherent antitumor combinations on colon cancer cells(CT-26)in vitro.It also has been proved that Ag_(2)S@PEG-ABS can realize the effective treatment of hypoxia tumors in vivo and show good biocompatibility.Therefore,it is a new efficient integrated platform for the diagnosis and treatment of hypoxia tumors.

Controlling the Balance of Photoluminescence and Photothermal Effect in Cyanostilbene-Based Luminescent Liquid Crystals

Molecular motions of the luminescent liquid crystals(LLCs)show a significant effect on fluorescent emission and heat generation.In this article,a series of cyanostilbene-based LLCs(CSs:CS1-6,CS1-12,CS2-6 and CS2-12)are synthesized to investigate how the pho-toluminescence and photothermal effect balanced.Among these materials,the mesogens peripheried by single alkyl chains formed enantiotropic nematic(CS1-6)or smectic C(CS1-12)phase with different alkyl tail lengths.When the single aliphatic chain is re-placed by mini-dendrons,room temperature(RT)monotropic hexagonal columnar phase(CS2-12)or molecular liquid(CS2-6)is formed.The results revealed that all these materials exhibited high efficiency emission with the highest quantum yield reaching 59.0%.The photoluminescence and photothermal effect can be effectively tuned by dispersing CSs into a commercially available RT liquid crystal matrix 8CB,which output significantly improved photothermal conversion efficiency of 63.2%.Furthermore,the pho-tothermal can rapidly trigger the Smectic A-Nematic-Isotropic sequence transitions of 8CB doped with CSs.This work paves a way of adjusting the balance of photoluminescence and photothermal properties of the LLC materials.

Near-infrared light triggered multi-hit therapeutic nanosystem for tumor specific photothermal effect amplified signal pathway regulation and ferroptosis

The high therapeutic resistance of tumor is the primary cause behind tumor recurrence and incurability.In recent years,scientists have devoted themselves to find a variety of treatments to solve this problem.Herein,we propose a multi-hit strategy that is based on the biodegradable hollow mesoporous Prussian blue(HMPB)-based nanosystem for tumor-specific therapy that encapsulated the critical heat shock protein 90(HSP90)inhibitor 17-dimethylamino-ethylamino-17-demethoxydeldanamycin(17-DMAG).The nanosystem was further modified using thermotropic phase transition material star-PEG-PCL(sPP)and hyaluronic acid(HA),which offers near infrared light(NIR)responsive release characteristic,as well as enhanced tumor cell endocytosis.Upon cell internalization of 17-DMAG-HMPB@sPP@HA and under 808 nm laser irradiation,photothermal-conversion effect of HMPB directly kills cells using hyperthermia,which further causes phase transition of sPP to trigger release of 17-DMAG,inhibits HSP90 activity and blocks multiple signaling pathways,including cell cycle,Akt and HIF pathways.Additionally,the down-regulation of GPX4 protein expression by 17-DMAG and the release of ferric and ferrous ions from gradual degradation of HMPB in the endogenous mild acidic microenvironment in tumors promoted the occurrence of ferroptosis.Importantly,the antitumor effect of 17-DMAG and ferroptosis damage were amplified using photothermal effect of HMPB by accelerating release of ferric and ferrous ions,and reducing HSP90 expression in cells,which induced powerful antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo.This multi-hit therapeutic nanosystem helps provide a novel perspective for solving the predicament of cancer treatment,as well as a promising strategy for design of a novel cancer treatment nanoplatform.

Ti-MOF-based biosafety materials for efficient and long-life disinfection via synergistic photodynamic and photothermal effects

Pathogenic bacterial infection is severely threatening public health globally.The multi-modal antibacterial nanoplatforms could significantly improve the antibacterial efficiency.Here,we report a metal(Ti)-organic framework(MOF)derived nanocarbon(C-Ti-MOF)as a biosafety material for synergistic sterilization of pathogenic bacteria via efficient photodynamic catalysis and robust photothermal effects.The C-Ti-MOF consists of abundant TiO_(2) nanodots embedded in graphitic carbon frameworks.Under visible light irradiation,TiO_(2) nanodots can catalyze H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2) to produce superoxide anion(•O_(2)^(–))and singlet oxygen(1O2),respectively.Meanwhile,under near-infrared irradiation(NIR),C-Ti-MOF can generate massive heat to destroy bacterial membranes.Systematic antibacterial experiments reveal that the C-Ti-MOF nanoagents have a long-lasting and nearly 100%bactericidal ratio at an extremely low dose(0.16 mg/mL),which is much better than the state-of-the-art TiO_(2)(Commercial TiO_(2)(P25),0.64 mg/mL).Furthermore,the C-Ti-MOF can be electrospun into an antibacterial nanofiber membrane via mixing with polymeric matrix for treating bacteriacontaminated wastewater,and the membranes possess integrated antibacterial activity and excellent biocompatibility.Our study demonstrates a promising Ti-MOF-based biosafety material for efficient and long-life disinfection,which may stimulate new research in MOF-related biological applications in various disciplines ranging from water decontaminations to nanotherapeutics.

3D flower-like mesoporous Bi_(4)O_(5)I_(2)/MoS_(2)Z-scheme heterojunction with optimized photothermal-photocatalytic performance

3D flower-like hierarchical mesoporous Bi_(4)O_(5)I_(2)/MoS_(2)Z-scheme layered heterojunction photocatalyst was fabricated by oil bath and hydrothermal methods.The heterojunction with narrow band gap of~1.95 eV extended the photoresponse to near-infrared region,which showed obvious photothermal effect due to the introduction of MoS_(2) with broad spectrum response.MoS_(2) nanosheets were anchored onto the surface of flower-like hierarchical mesoporous Bi_(4)O_(5)I_(2) nanosheets,thereby forming efficient layered heterojunctions,the solar-driven photocatalytic efficiency in degradation of highly toxic dichlorophenol and reduction of hexavalent chromium was improved to 98.5%and 99.2%,which was~4 and 7 times higher than that of the pristine Bi_(4)O_(5)I_(2),respectively.In addition,the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate reached 496.78 μmol h^(-1)g^(-1),which was~6 times higher than that of the pristine Bi_(4)O_(5)I_(2).The excellent photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the promoted photothermal effect,as well as,the formation of compact Z-scheme layered heterojunctions.The 3D flower-like hierarchical mesoporous structure provided adequate surface active-sites,which was conducive to the mass transfer.Moreover,the high stability of the prepared photocatalyst further promoted its potential practical application.This strategy also provides new insights for fabricating layered Zscheme heterojunctions photocatalysts with highly photothermal-photocatalytic efficiency.

Photothermal‐boosted polaron transport in Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Introduction of the photothermal effect into transition-metal oxide photoanodes has been proven to be an effective method to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting performance.However,the precise role of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of photoanodes is still not well understood.Herein,spinel-structured ZnFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3)),and the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode achieves a high photocurrent density of 3.17 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode(VRHE)due to the photothermal effect of ZnFe_(2)O_(4).Considering that the hopping of electron small polarons induced by oxygen vacancies is thermally activated,we clarify that the main reason for the enhanced PEC performance via the photothermal effect is the promoted mobility of electron small polarons that are bound to positively charged oxygen vacancies.Under the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and the photothermal effect,the electron conductivity and PEC performance are significantly improved,which provide fundamental insights into the impact of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of small polaron-type semiconductor photoanodes.

Visible Light Responsive DNA Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Based on a Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles

Solvent free DNA-surfactant melts are receiving continuous attractions in recent years.Their physical properties could be regulated via changing the alkyl chain length of surfactants.As an ideal external stimulus,light has been used in the regulation of mechanical properties of DNA thermotropic liquid crystal(TLC)containing an azobenzene motif,while in this case,the UV light is the only effective excitation source.However,in comparison with visible light,UV light causes damage to DNA and has low tissue-penetration efficiency problem.In this work,a new type of DNA-didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DNA-DDAB)TLCs fabricating with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)was demonstrated.The visible light-induced photothermal effect of AuNPs could change the mechanical properties of AuNPs/DNA-DDAB TLCs,as shown by clearly boundary motion activity and viscoelasticity change.Furthermore,the ratio of AuNPs and charge stoichiometry of DNA:DDAB also affected photocurrent generation property of these DNA melts.The development of this visible light responsive DNA melt might facilitate the related studies in biomedicine and biomaterials.

Photothermal Effect for Fe_3O_4 Nanoparticles Contained in Micelles Induced by Near-Infrared Light

Near infrared （NIR） light induced photothermal effect for Fe304 nanoparticles, contained in Pluronic F127 micelles, has been studied and it exhibits high photothermal converting efficiency. Heat is found to be rapidly generated in micelles containing Fe304 nanoparticles by NIR laser irradiation. Upon irradiation at 808 nm light and with mass concentration of Pe304 nanoparticles in 4 g/L, the micelle temperature increase is higher than 34 ℃ for 10 min irradiation. The maximum temperature of micelles containing Fe304 nanoparticles in 4 g/L reaches 62 ℃.

Recent advancement and future challenges of photothermal catalysis for VOCs elimination:From catalyst design to applications

Photothermal catalysis realizes the synergistic effect of solar energy and thermochemistry,which also has the potential to improve the reaction rate and optimize the selectivity.In this review,the research progress of photothermal catalytic removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)by nano-catalysts in recent years is systematically reviewed.First,the fundamentals of photothermal catalysis and the fabrication of catalysts are described,and the design strategy of optimizing photothermal catalysis performance is proposed.Second,the performance for VOC degradation with photothermal catalysis is evaluated and compared for the batch and continuous systems.Particularly,the catalytic mechanism of VOC oxidation is systematically introduced based on experimental and theoretical study.Finally,the future limitations and challenges have been discussed,and potential research directions and priorities are highlighted.A broad view of recent photothermal catalyst fabrication,applications,challenges,and prospects can be systemically provided by this review.

Anisotropic Plasmon Resonance Enables Spatially Controlled Photothermal and Photochemical Effects in Hot Carrier-Driven Catalysis

Localized surface plasmon resonance has been demonstrated to provide effective photophysical enhancement mechanisms in plasmonic photocatalysis.However,it remains highly challenging for distinct mechanisms to function in synergy for a collective gain in catalysis due to the lack of spatiotemporal control of their effect.Herein,the anisotropic plasmon resonance nature of Au nanorods was exploited to achieve distinct functionality towards synergistic photocatalysis.Photothermal and photochemical effects were enabled by the longitudinal and transverse plasmon resonance modes,respectively,and were enhanced by partial coating of silica nanoshells and epitaxial growth of a reactor component.Resonant excitation leads to a synergistic gain in photothermal-mediated hot carrier-driven hydrogen evolution catalysis.Our approach provides important design principles for plasmonic photocatalysts in achieving spatiotemporal modulation of distinct photophysical enhancement mechanisms.It also effectively broadens the sunlight response range and increases the efficacy of distinct plasmonic enhancement pathways towards solar energy harvesting and conversion.

Functional Group Effects for Photothermal Mass-energy Transfer in CO_(2) Capture and Conversion

The surface microstructure can be influenced by surface environment,weak adsorption,and bonding interactions,leading to the changes of surface electronic states and the configuration of active sites,which affects the mass-energy transfer pathway.The interaction between multiple species on the surface of light-absorbing materials directly impacts the performance of photothermal catalytic process.Based on this,we present the latest perspectives on photothermal CO_(2) capture and conversion,which focus on(1)the mechanism of functional group-assisted photothermal process,(2)the effects of functional group species,configurations,spatial positions,and surface interactions on photothermal catalytic reactions,and(3)the interaction between substrates and functional groups.Finally,an insightful perspective is drawn in the last section.