Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness:A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 years.Methods:Twenty schools in 5 different European countries(2 second-grade classrooms per school)participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial(Sport at School trial).Participants were assigned to either a control group,which continued with their habitual physical education lessons,or to an intervention group,which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total of 721 children(344 girls and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years old,mean±SD)completed the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group,respectively.Outcomes included academic performance(average grade),psychosocial functioning(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,balance,and flexibility).Results:The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct problems(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;p<0.001),and balance(d=0.24;p=0.015).There was a trend towards significant benefits for flexibility(d=0.24;p=0.056).No significant benefits were observed for other variables,including psychosocial difficulties,emotional symptoms,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problems,or prosocial behaviour(all p>0.05).Conclusion:A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct problems,and physical fitness in primary school children.The results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.

Scoping review on health-related physical fitness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease:Assessment,interventions,and future directions

BACKGROUND Reaching the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-II(STRIDE-II)therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)requires an interdisciplinary approach.Lifestyle interventions focusing on enhancing and preserving health-related physical fitness(HRPF)may aid in improving subjective health,decreasing disability,or even controlling inflammation.However,ambiguity remains about the status and impact of HRPF(i.e.body composition,cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,muscular endurance,and flexibility)in IBD patients,hindering the development of physical activity and physical exercise training guidelines.AIM To review HRPF components in IBD patients and the impact of physical activity and physical exercise training interventions on HRPF.METHODS A systematic search in multiple databases was conducted for original studies that included patients with IBD,assessed one or more HRPF components,and/or evaluated physical activity or physical exercise training interventions.RESULTS Sixty-eight articles were included.No study examined the complete concept of HRPF,and considerable heterogeneity existed in assessment methods,with frequent use of non-validated tests.According to studies that used gold standard tests,cardiorespiratory fitness seemed to be reduced,but findings on muscular strength and endurance were inconsistent.A limited number of studies that evaluated physical activity or physical exercise training interventions reported effects on HRPF,overall showing a positive impact.CONCLUSION We performed a scoping review using a systematic and iterative approach to identify and synthesize an emerging body of literature on health-related physical fitness in patients with IBD,highlighting several research gaps and opportunities for future research.Findings of this review revealed a gap in the literature regarding the accurate assessment of HRPF in patients with IBD and highlighted important methodological limitations of studies that evaluated physical activity or physical exercise training interventions.This scoping review is a step towards performing studies and systematic reviews in the future,which was not possible at present given the heterogeneity in endpoints and designs of the available studies on this topic.Future well-designed studies are required to determine the optimal training paradigm for improving HRPF in patients with IBD before guidelines can be developed and integrated into the therapeutic strategy.

Health Related Physical Fitness Measures: Reference Values and Predictive Equations for Saudi Female College Students

Health related-physical fitness (HRPF) is critical for maintaining and enhancing health and quality of life. Purposes: To estimate the reference values and predictive equations for frequently used clinical field HRPF measures in a sample of Saudi female college students aged 18 - 24 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, body fat percentage (BF %) was estimated. Curl-up test (CUT) and sit and reach test (SRT) were applied in 216 students. The Queen’s College Step Test (QCST) was used to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). Physical activity (PA) level was also measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The mean of BF %, SRT, CUT, and predicted VO2 max were 23.98% ± 6.13%, 17.10 ± 7.50 cm, 28.17 ± 7.72 number/min, and 39.58 ± 4.01 ml/kg/min respectively. There was no significant effect of age on all HRPF measures except for BF % (F (6,215) = 3.25, p (6,215) = 4.01, p strated that BMI was the predictor for BF % and SRT and explained 65% and 4% of total variance respectively. IPAQ score, age, and height were the predictors of CUT counting 17% of total variance. While, BMI and IPAQ score were the predictors for VO2 max and explained 13% of the total variance. Conclusion: Reference values can be used clinically in the evaluation of HRPF, in the rehabilitation process as well as in designing a program to improve the HRPF for female college students with consideration of age, height, BMI, and PA level for a particular population.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index in the Chinese child and adolescent populations： An update from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China The Youth Study

In this special issue of the Journal of Sport and Health Science, analyses of the most recent national prevalence esti- mates from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fimess in China-- The Youth Study （PAFCTYS） are presented. These include the prevalence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity （MVPA）.

Physical activity,sedentary behaviors,physical fitness,and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes:A review of the epidemiologic literature

Diabetes is a leading chronic disease of childhood and adolescence. In addition to the well-known auto-immune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （type 1 diabetes （T 1D））, the past two decades have witnessed the emergence of type 2 diabetes （T2D） in children and adolescents, which previously was only seen in middle-aged or older adults. One of the key components of diabetes management is physical activity （PA）. The beneficial effects of increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior are extremely important in youth with diabetes because of the markedly increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in this population compared to persons without diabetes. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the epidemiologic, observational research published and listed in PubMed between 1970 and 2012 on PA and sedentary behaviors, as well as physical fitness in children and adolescents with T1D and T2D. Additionally, we describe briefly the state of knowledge on perceived barriers of PA in persons with diabetes, with a focus on hypoglycemia. Finally, we provide an overview of the epidemiological literature pertaining to health benefits of increased PA in youth with TID and T2D and briefly discuss the topic of exercise-related hypoglycemia, Copyright ~ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chronic hepatitis B, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and physical fitness of military males: CHIEF study

AIM To investigate the association of chronic hepatitis B and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with physical fitness in a Taiwan Residents military male cohort.METHODS We made a cross-sectional examination of this association using 3669 young adult military males according to cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events recorded in the Taiwan Armed Forces study. Cases of chronic hepatitis B(n = 121) were defined by personal history and positive detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. Cases of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(n = 129) were defined by alanine transaminase level > 60 U/L, liver ultrasound finding of steatosis, and absence of viral hepatitis A, B or C infection. All other study participants were defined as unaffected(n = 3419). Physical fitness was evaluated by performance in 3000-m run, 2-min sit-ups, and 2-min push-ups exercises, with all the procedures standardized by a computerized scoring system. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship.RESULTS Chronic hepatitis B negatively correlated with 2-min push-up numbers(β =-2.49, P = 0.019) after adjusting for age, service specialty, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, current cigarette smoking, alcohol intake status, serum hemoglobin, and average weekly exercise times. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was borderline positively correlated with 3000-m running time(β = 11.96, P = 0.084) and negatively correlated with 2-min sit-up numbers(β =-1.47, P = 0.040). CONCLUSION Chronic hepatitis B viral infection and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis affects different physical performances in young adult military males, and future study should determine the underlying mechanism.

Occupation, Physical Fitness and Adiposity Markers among Security Guards and Students of Delhi University

Physical fitness and health are reciprocal to each other and examining adiposity is an important parameter to assess physical fitness. The present study examines the relationship between different adiposity markers and physical fitness based on occupation. A cross sectional sample of 82 security guards (mean age: 36.86 ± 8.72) and 43 students (mean age: 23.4 ± 3.86) of Delhi University were studied. Anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist and hip circumference) and socio-demographic characteristics were ascertained. Body composition parameters (body fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass, muscle mass, total body water, bone mass and visceral fat) were assessed by bioelectric-impedance method using Tanita Body Composition Analyzer (BCA). Harvard step test was performed to test the physical fitness using Rapid Fitness Index. Student’s t test was used to compare the physical fitness and adiposity markers between the security guards and the students. ANOVA was used to categorize the level of physical fitness with adiposity markers amongst the two groups. As RFI scores decreased, mean value of body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, MUAC, fat mass, visceral fat and BMI increased among the security guards showing a trend which indicates that with an increase in adiposity, the tendency to perform physical work decreases. However, no consistent trend as such was observed amongst the students between the RFI categories. Nevertheless, Delhi University students were found to be more physically fit than the security guards that may be attributable to the differences in their leisure time physical activity preferences and occupational workloads besides the underlying genetic, metabolic or dietary influences. Workplace interventions to reduce occupational sitting among the university security guards may boost cardiorespiratory fitness in the long run.

Correlation between the results of three physical fitness tests(endurance,strength,speed) and the output measured during a bicycle ergometer test in a cohort of military servicemen

Background: Physical fitness tests are widely used to assess endurance,sprint ability,coordination and/or strength.The objective of the present study was to analyze the degree to which the results of the Bundeswehr Basis Fitness Test(BFT)–a physical fitness test comprising a sprint test(11×10-m shuttle test),a flexed-arm hang test and a 1000-m run–are consistent with the output measured during a bicycle ergometer test.The number of false-positive and falsenegative results with regard to the assessment of physical fitness were also examined.Methods: As part of a retrospective study,health assessments from 323 reenlistment examinations were evaluated regarding the output measured during a bicycle ergometer test and compared with the BFT results of the candidates.Results: Overall,a good correlation was shown between the bicycle ergometer test results and the results achieved in the BFT disciplines.All three disciplines of the BFT showed a highly significant correlation with the relative output achieved during the bicycle ergometer test(P<0.001),and also,the overall BFT score was highly significantly correlated(P<0.001).The overall rate of false-positive and false-negative results was 4.0%.Conclusion: The BFT results measured in the three physical fitness test items were highly correlated with the output measured during the bicycle ergometer tests.The rate of false-positive and false-negative results was low.The test items thus represent an appropriate measurement instrument because the test items require few equipment and less time.Additionally,a large number of subjects can be assessed.We suggest that it would be more useful to assess the physical fitness of this special group exclusively on the basis of the BFT instead of using the bicycle ergometer test.

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Basal Metabolism and Physical Fitness in Sedentary Women

Objective: Aerobic exercises are the basic activity on fight against obesity. And obesity is related with metabolic rate. So our study is aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on basal metabolic rate and physical parameters. Methods: Sedentary women between the ages of 35 - 45 (n = 40) were randomized into control group (CG) (n = 20) and exercise group (EG) (n = 20). EG underwent 8 weeks of aerobic-run-walk exercise training: 3 days a week, 1 hour sessions. The CG was not trained. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) were measured for all of the subjects before and after the training program. Results: Mean BMR decreased from 1386 ± 213.6 kcal to 1327 ± 253.7 in CG, and raised from 1308 ± 201.8 to 1409 ± 218.3 kcal in EG. While BMI raised from 31.39 ± 6.15 kg/m2 to 31.51 ± 6.09 kg/m2 in CG, it decreased from 29.62 ± 3.78 kg/m2 to 28.47 ± 3.74 kg/m2 in EG. There was also statistically significant difference in parameters of WHR, BFP, FM and LBM in favour of EG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After 8 weeks aerobic exercise training program, there was a statistically significant difference in favour of EG in BMR, BMI, BFP, FM, LBM, WHR and weight parameters.

Workplace Health Interventions and Physical Fitness Status among Managers of Small-Scale Enterprises in Norway and Sweden

Background: The ability of managers of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) to prioritize health, working conditions, and their own physical fitness is an important issue for workplace health promotion in Norway and Sweden, where most owner-manager positions are in SSEs. Aim: To assess the physical fitness status of SSE managers compared to a norm population and to study changes in physical fitness status, self-reported physical activity, and sickness outcomes after workplace health interventions. Methods: The study allocated SSE managers to either an intervention or a reference group. The intervention, over twelve months, consisted of motivational input related to lifestyle and physical activity through tests and feedback, individual support, and courses on health and psychosocial working conditions. The participants (N = 28) completed health screening checks, questionnaires and testing before and after the intervention. Results: SSE managers in the study had positive outcomes for BMI levels and strength compared to the norm population, while percentage of fat for both men and women indicated poor results. There were no further improvements in the intervention group after comparison with the reference group. Separately, both groups seemed to improve strength and body composition. Conclusion: Workplace health interventions with essentially motivational components may increase SSE managers’ attention to physical fitness, but appear to have limited effects on objective and subjective physical fitness outcomes.

Evaluation of the Physical Fitness of the Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Necessity for the Prescription of Adapted Physical Activity

Background: Diabetes mellitus and physical inactivity are modifiable risk factors for stroke. Physical activity is one of the pillars of type 2 diabetes management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical fitness of a sample of type 2 diabetes patients at the CHU of Martinique (UHCM). Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, from 1st June to 30th September 2018. It consisted of the exhaustive prospective collection of data on the usual physical activity and physical fitness of type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized in the Endocrinology department of the UHCM for a short stay. The physical fitness tests of the French National Olympic and Sports Committee, validated on 13 April 2013, were used. Results: Thirty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 51.9 ± 11 years. The sex ratio was 1.5, and hypertension in 53% (n = 16) of patients was the most associated risk factor. The median duration of diabetes progression was 4 years with Q1 and Q2 quantiles of 2 and 10 years, respectively. The physical fitness evaluation noted a balance disorder with a risk of falling in 56.7% (n = 17) of patients, muscle stiffness in 20% (n = 6) of them, while 56.7% (n = 17) and 80% (n = 24) had a decrease in the muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs, respectively. The distance covered during the standard 6 min walking test was normal for 70% (n = 21) of the patients. Conclusion: The evaluation of the patient’s physical fitness allows us to assess their deconditioning to physical activity and other obstacles to physical activity to plan appropriate interventions.

Analysis of the Current Situation of the National Student Physical Fitness Test

The physical health level of adolescents is related to the future of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Through literature review,induction method,and logical analysis,this paper analyzes the policies related to students’physical health,explains the current situation of physical health testing of students in China,summarizes the problems that occur in the process of physical health testing,and finally puts forward suggestions for optimizing physical health testing of college students.

Examination of the effect of fascial therapy on some physical fitness parameters in taekwondo athletes

One of the objectives of this study is to determine the effect of the eight-week fascial therapy program on flex-ibility,vertical jump,standing long jump,speed and anaerobic strength parameters in taekwondo athletes.Another aim of the research is to create a therapy protocol that can be used in athletes related to performance development through the relaxation of the fascial system,which is considered an indicator of physical fitness and has numerous functions in the body.This study included 32 taekwondo players who were licensed,actively attending taekwondo training.In the study,two groups were formed as fascial therapy group(FTG)(n=16)and control group(CG)(n=16).After the groups were randomized,fascial relaxation techniques were applied to the fascial therapy group for eight weeks,up to twice a week,and for 30 min.According to the findings obtained as a result of the research,FTG([-0.36±0.17]seconds[s])for the 20 m(m)Sprint(T2-T1)had a lower mean time than CG(0.00±0.07)s,FTG(0.06±1.95)for the Flamingo Balance Test(T2-T1)had a lower mean fall than CG(1.25±1.13),FTG([3.56±2.37]centimeters[cm])for the Sit&Reach Test(T2-T1)had a lower mean fall than CG([-0.19±1.28]cm),FTG([5.75±2.54]cm)had a higher jump distance than CG([1.88±8.11]cm)ac-cording to the results of Vertical Jump Test(T2-T1)and finally FTG([9.13±5.56]cm)had a longer distance than CG([-0.31±1.85]cm)according to the results of Standing Long Jump Test(T2-T1).The result of our study has shown that fascial techniques can be used safely by experienced physiotherapists and can be included in the training program.It is recommended that coaches of sports disciplines work with experienced physiotherapists on this subject and include fascial methods in their training programs.

Physical fitness level and the risk of severe COVID-19:A systematic review

To verify systematically the association between the status of physical fitness and the risk of severe Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This systematic review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses(PRISMA)statement and the eligibility criteria followed the Population,Intervention,Comparison,Outcomes and Study(PICOS)recommendation.PubMed,Embase,SciELO and Cochrane electronic databases were searched.All studies that explored the relationship between the pattern of physical fitness and COVID-19 adverse outcomes(hospitalization,intensive care unit admission,intubation,or mortality),were selected.The quality of the studies was assessed by the specific scale of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A total of seven observational studies were identified in this systematic review;13468 patients were included in one case-control study,two cohort studies,and four cross-sectional studies.All studies reported an inverse association between high physical fitness and severe COVID-19(hospitalization,intensive care admission,or mortality).Only some studies reported comorbidities,especially obesity and cardiovascular disorders,but the results remained unchanged after controlling for comorbidities.The quality of the seven studies included was moderate according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.The methodological heterogeneity of the studies included did not allow a meta-analysis of the findings.In conclusion,higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower risk of hospitalization,intensive care admissions,and mortality rates among patients with COVID-19.

The effect of aerobic dancing on physical fitness and cognitive function in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic-a natural experiment

During the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19),the physical activity of older adults is at a lower level.The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of aerobic dancing on physical fitness and cognitive function in older adults.We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 34 older adults who were assigned into an aerobic dancing group and a control group.Three dance sessions weekly for 60min were scheduled for the aerobic dancing group for a total of 12 weeks.Physical fitness,blood pressure,lipids,glucose,cognitive function were assessed before and after the intervention.Baseline adjusted Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA)was used to determine whether outcome variables varied between groups at pre-test and post-test.Effect size(Cohen's d)was calculated to determine the differences between groups from baseline to post-test.After 12 weeks,we found that the aerobic dancing group showed significant improvement in memory(portrait memory:F=10.45,p=0.003,d=1.18).The Limit of Stability(LOS)parameters in the aerobic dancing group displayed a significant increase after the intervention(right angle:F=5.90,p=0.022,d=0.60;right-anterior angle:F=4.23,p=0.049,d=0.12).Some beneficial effects were found on flexibility,grip strength,balance and subjective well-being(sit and reach:F=0.25,p=0.62,d=−0.40;grip strength:F=3.38,p=0.08,d=0.89;one-legged standing with eyes closed:F=1.26,p=0.27,d=0.50)in the aerobic dancing group.Aerobic dancing training was effective in improving memory and balance ability in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.In the future,aerobic dancing is a promising tool to encourage physical activity in older adults.

Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members in Urumqi, China

Objective: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability, and is closely related to a lack of exercise. Currently, most Chinese medical staff members lack exercise and may be at risk for stroke. We sought to determine the risk factors for stroke and study the significance of health-related physical fitness testing in stroke prevention among Chinese medical staff members. Methods: A total of 627 subjects from Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, were included in the study and a survey was conducted from 1st January 2016 to 1st February 2016. Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing were completed according to the standard protocol, and the related data were analyzed. Results: Based on the screening, 27.6%(n=173) of the subjects were at high risk for stroke. The top risk factors for stroke in these subjects were dyslipidemia, lack of exercise or mild physical activity, being overweight or obese, and high blood pressure. Body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral fat area, body fat percentage, and basal metabolic rate were significantly higher (P<0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Lung capacity, step index, grip test, vertical jump, and sit-up/push-up index were significantly lower (P<0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Conclusions: A large proportion of China's on-the-job medical personnel is at high risk for stroke. This may be related to the nature of the profession and warrants more attention from the society. The health-related physical fitness measurement parameters in subjects at high risk for stroke were significantly different from those in subjects who were not at high risk. Screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members may contribute to stroke prevention. More rigorous controlled clinical trials will be needed in the future.

Effect of the Resistance Exercise on Elementary School Students’Physical Fitness

Background Physical activity programs using components of resistance have the potential to improve health in school chil-dren.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a school-based resistance exercise program on physical fitness in elementary school students.Methods The sample was 256 children(mean age=8.3±2.5 years;119 girls)from kindergarten to 5th grade.Participants performed a 10-min resistance exercise 2-3 times in each school day.Physical fitness outcomes were assessed using President’s Physical Fitness Challenge test.Measures were collected at baseline and at a 6-month post-test time point.A 2×2 doubly MANOVA was employed to examine the effect of sex and time.Results The multivariate model was statistically significant with a main time effect(Wilks’λ=0.19,F=290.9,P<0.001).Follow-univariate tests found significant differences between time-points on flex arm hang(P=0.033),shuttle run(P<0.001),and 1-mile run/walk times(P<0.001).Conclusions A 6-month resistance exercise program improved upper body strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in elementary school aged children.The use of resistance exercise intervention during school day can be effectively used to promote physical fitness and ultimately improve the health of children.

Physical activity support or weight loss counseling for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?

AIM: To determine the clinical effectiveness of intense psychological support to physical activity (PA) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), compared with cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT).

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness associations with older adolescent cognitive control

Background:Participation in physical activity supports greater cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF),a correlate of cognitive control.However,the relationship between muscular fitness(MF)and cognitive control is less clear.The present study investigated the differential relationship of CRF and MF with cognitive control in older adolescents.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved students(1517 years old,n=541,43%female)from 20 secondary schools who completed tests of inhibition(modified flanker task),working memory(n-back task),CRF(Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run),and MF(standing long jump and push-up test).Multilevel analyses tested the association between CRF or MF and cognitive outcomes while accounting for the influence of the other fitness variable and relevant demographic factors.Results:CRF predicted response accuracy during incongruent flanker trials,the condition requiring greater inhibition.For the working memory task,CRF predicted greater target accuracy and greater d’scores on the 1-back task,requiring lesser amounts of working memory.In the 2-back task,which requires greater amounts of working memory,CRF also predicted greater target and non-target accuracy and d’scores.Comparatively,MF did not predict any cognitive outcomes after adjustment for CRF.Conclusion:CRF was selectively related to better performance during task conditions that require greater amounts of inhibition and working memory.This finding suggests that CRF,but not MF,may benefit cognitive control in older adolescents.This selective influence of CRF on older adolescents’cognition highlights the value of aerobic physical activity.

Continuous use of fitness apps and shaping factors among college students: A mixed-method investigation

Objective:This current study pursued an exploration of the psychological mechanism that determines college students'continuance intention to use fitness apps.Methods:This current study adopted a mixed methods research that composed two distinct phases.Study 1 was quantitative research that helped to identify determinants of Chinese college students'continuance intention to use.A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 379 college students to ascertain their user experience.Study 2 was qualitative research.A semi-structured interview was conducted with a sample of 10 college students.Study 2 can be seen as a follow-up study and it pursued an in-depth understanding on how college students use fitness apps in the everyday life and their views towards study 1's major findings.Results:The results revealed that five factors(confirmed usefulness,confirmed ease of use,satisfaction,fitness achievement and social connection)were found to significantly and positively affect college students'continuous intention to use fitness apps.Entertainment did not show obvious impact.In the interview,college students reported that even if they don't obtain entertainment from fitness apps,they will still push themselves to use them,because they have a very specific goal when using fitness apps,which is to achieve health and fitness.Conclusion:These findings indicated that successful fitness apps should make users feel convenient to use and indeed improves the fitness user's efficiency.Besides,people are more eager to get the information with strong credibility with the negligible effort.This implies more efforts should be made to design apps that can provide high-quality services.Moreover,if apps designers can pay more attention to protecting the personal information and data,it will inspire more people to use social connection functions.