Reviewing Stability Criteria for Positive Homogeneous Systems and Adding One for Discrete-Time Cases with Degree Less Than One

The article synthesizes and presents the results regarding the stability of positive homogeneous systems that have been researched and published in recent years. Next, we provide a sufficient condition for global exponential stability in the case of discrete-time positive homogeneous systems with an order less than one with time-varying delays.

Coping with the Impact of Climate Change: A Dive into Precision Agriculture in the United States

With the continued increase in the number of people that are food insecure globally, which could be increasing because of the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war, leading to reduction in international agribusinesses, coupled with drastic climate change exacerbating the problem of food insecurity, there is a constant need to come up with innovative approaches to solve this global issue. In this article, we articulated how precision agriculture can be a tool for ensuring food security in the United States. This study aims to reiterate the significance of precision agriculture in solving global food insecurity.

A Double Sensitive Fault Detection Filter for Positive Markovian Jump Systems With A Hybrid Event-Triggered Mechanism

This paper is concerned with the double sensitive fault detection filter for positive Markovian jump systems. A new hybrid adaptive event-triggered mechanism is proposed by introducing a non-monotonic adaptive law. A linear adaptive event-triggered threshold is established by virtue of 1-norm inequality.Under such a triggering strategy, the original system can be transformed into an interval uncertain system. By using a stochastic copositive Lyapunov function, an asynchronous fault detection filter is designed for positive Markovian jump systems(PMJSs) in terms of linear programming. The presented filter satisfies both L_-gain(?_-gain) fault sensitivity and L_1(?_1)internal differential privacy sensitivity. The proposed approach is also extended to the discrete-time case. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.

Comparative Analysis of Sonar Heads Drive Systems

This paper is dealing with a comparative analysis, from technical point of view of the solutions with the highest potentiality utilized in sonar heads drives. Even though the use of DC servomotors is a convenient solution for most customers, from some modem analysis criteria points of view, this type of drive system has a low reliability and a greater impact on the environment, compared to AC servomotors. From this class of AC servomotors, high behaviors, in such an application, have stepper motors and electronically commutated motor （brushless DC）. That is why, analysis in this paper, balances these two classes of AC servomotors. The systems performed are analyzed in Matlab/Simulink and PowerSim environments.

Delay-dependent Stabilization Conditions of Controlled Positive Continuous-time Systems

The stabilization problem for a class of linear continuous-time systems with time-varying non differentiable delay is solved while imposing positivity in closed-loop. In particular, the synthesis of state-feedback controllers is studied by giving sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). The obtained results are then extended to systems with non positive delay matrix by applying a memory controller. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by using numerical examples.

Criteria Selecting Knowledge Base in the FuzzyController of the Electrohydraulic Position Control System

Aim To analyse the influence of knowledge base on the performance of the fuzzy controller of the electrohydraulic position control system,and to determine their selection cri- teria. Methods Experiments based on different membership functions,scaling factors and con-trol rules were done separately.The experiment results and the influence of different know- ledge base on the control performance were analysed in theory so that criteria of selcting knowledge base can be summarized correctly.Results Knowledge base,including membershipfunctions, scaling factors and control rules,has a crucial effect on the fuzzy control system.Suitably selected knowledge base can lead to good control performance of fuzzy control sys-tem. Conclusion Being symmetric,having an intersection ratio of 1 and satisfying width con- dition are three necessities for selecting membership functions.Selecting scaling factors dependson both the system requirement and a comprehensive analysis in the overshoot,oscillation, rising time and stability. Integrity and continuity must be guaranteed when determining control rules.

Stability of Switched Positive Descriptor Systems with Average Dwell Time Switching

In this paper, the problems of stability for a class of switched positive descriptor systems(SPDSs)with average dwell time(ADT) switching are investigated. First, based on the equivalent switched system and the properties of the projector matrix, sufficient stabilities are given for the underlying systems in both continuoustime and discrete-time contexts. Then, a sufficient stability condition for the SPDS with both stable and unstable subsystems is obtained. The stability results for the SPDSs are represented in terms of a set of linear programmings(LPs) by the multiple linear co-positive Lyapunov function(MLCLF) approach. Finally, three numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.

Position Vectors Based Efcient Indoor Positioning System

With the advent and advancements in the wireless technologies,Wi-Fi ngerprinting-based Indoor Positioning System(IPS)has become one of the most promising solutions for localization in indoor environments.Unlike the outdoor environment,the lack of line-of-sight propagation in an indoor environment keeps the interest of the researchers to develop efcient and precise positioning systems that can later be incorporated in numerous applications involving Internet of Things(IoTs)and green computing.In this paper,we have proposed a technique that combines the capabilities of multiple algorithms to overcome the complexities experienced indoors.Initially,in the database development phase,Motley Kennan propagation model is used with Hough transformation to classify,detect,and assign different attenuation factors related to the types of walls.Furthermore,important parameters for system accuracy,such as,placement and geometry of Access Points(APs)in the coverage area are also considered.New algorithm for deployment of an additional AP to an already existing infrastructure is proposed by using Genetic Algorithm(GA)coupled with Enhanced Dilution of Precision(EDOP).Moreover,classication algorithm based on k-Nearest Neighbors(k-NN)is used to nd the position of a stationary or mobile user inside the given coverage area.For k-NN to provide low localization error and reduced space dimensionality,three APs are required to be selected optimally.In this paper,we have suggested an idea to select APs based on Position Vectors(PV)as an input to the localization algorithm.Deducing from our comprehensive investigations,it is revealed that the accuracy of indoor positioning system using the proposed technique unblemished the existing solutions with signicant improvements.

Guaranteed Cost Finite-Time Control of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Positive Switched Systems with D-Perturbations via MDADT

This paper is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost finite-time control of fractionalorder nonlinear positive switched systems (FONPSS) with D-perturbation. Firstly, the proof of the positivity of FONPSS with D-perturbation is given, the definition of guaranteed cost finite-time stability is firstly given in such systems. Then, by constructing linear copositive Lyapunov functions and using the mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) approach, a static output feedback controller is constructed, and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the corresponding closed-loop system is guaranteed cost finite-time stable (GCFTS). Such conditions can be easily solved by linear programming. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

INVESTIGATION ON FAULT DETECTION & DIAGNOSIS FOR POSITION SERVO SYSTEM OF AIRCRAFT ACTUATOR

A new approach to fault dignosis dealing with nonlinear system Hopfieldneural networks (HNN) is presented. The model parameters of the nonlinear systemtreated as functions of measured operating points and faults are estimated by HNN. Boththe nominal model of the healthy system and HNN training models corresponding to everyoperating point are recognized. In addition, the anticipated fault models corresponding toevery kind of fault and every operating point are obtaind in advance. The real systemmodel parameters of the system estimated by generalization process of HNN are matchedwith the nominal models of the healthy system and anticipated fault models. Consequent-ly, the final result of fault detection and diagnosis is acquired. The approach to fault diag-nosis is used in an aircraft actuating poisition servo system and the simulation resu1t is re-ported.

Event-Triggered L1-Gain Control of Nonlinear Positive Switched Systems

This paper is concerned with the event-triggered L1-gain control of a class of nonlinear positive switched systems.First,an event-triggering condition in the form of 1-norm is presented for the systems.By virtue of the event-triggering strategy,the original system is transformed into an interval uncertain system.An event-triggered L1-gain controller is designed by decomposing the controller gain matrix into the sum of nonnegative and non-positive components.Under the design controller,the resulting closed-loop systems are positive and L1-gain stable.The obtained approach is developed for the systems subject to input saturation.All presented conditions are solvable in terms of linear programming.Finally,two examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the design.

Event-triggered Control of Positive Switched Systems with Actuator Saturation and Time-delay

This paper investigates the event-triggered control of positive switched systems with randomly occurring actuator saturation and time-delay,where the actuator saturation and time-delay obey different Bernoulli distributions.First,an event-triggering con-dition is constructed based on a 1-norm inequality.Under the presented event-triggering scheme,an interval estimation method is utilized to deal with the error term of the systems.Using a co-positive Lyapunov functional,the event-triggered controller and the cone attraction domain gain matrices are designed via matrix decomposition techniques.The positivity and stability of the resulting closed-loop systems are reached by guaranteeing the positivity of the lower bound of the systems and the stability of the upper bound of the systems,respectively.The proposed approach is developed for interval and polytopic uncertain systems,respectively.Finally,two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical findings.

Positive Observer Design for Positive Markovian Jump Systems with Partly Known Transition Rates

The paper is concerned with positive observer design for positive Markovian jump systems with partly known transition rates. By applying a linear co-positive type Lyapunov-Krasovskii function,a sufficient condition is proposed to ensure the stochastic stability of the error positive system and the existence of the positive observer, which is computed in linear programming. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the validity of the main results.

Security control of positive semi-Markovian jump systems with actuator faults

Actuator faults usually cause security problem in practice.This paper is concerned with the security control of positive semi-Markovian jump systems with actuator faults.The considered systems are with mode transition-dependent sojourn-time distributions,which may also lead to actuator faults.First,the time-varying and bounded transition rate that satisfies the mode transition-dependent sojourn-time distribution is considered.Then,a stochastic co-positive Lyapunov function is constructed.Using matrix decomposition technique,a set of state-feedback controllers for positive semi-Markovian jump systems with actuator faults are designed in terms of linear programming.Under the designed controllers,stochastic stabilization of the systems with actuator faults are achieved and the security of the systems can be guaranteed.Furthermore,the proposed results are extended to positive semi-Markovian jump systems with interval and polytopic uncertainties.By virtue of a segmentation technique of the transition rates,a less conservative security control design is also proposed.Finally,numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the presented results.

Event-Triggered Control of Positive Semi-Markovian Jump Systems Without/with Input Saturation

This paper is concerned with the event-triggered control of positive semi-Markovian jump systems without/with input saturation.The considered systems are subject to a stochastic semi-Markovian process whose sojourn time is dependent on a non-exponential distribution.First,an event-triggering condition is introduced in a linear form for the systems.A class of event-triggered feedback controllers is proposed using matrix decomposition technique.By using a stochastic co-positive Lyapunov function,the systems’positivity and stability are guaranteed.Then,the obtained results are developed for the systems with input saturation.A cone set is chosen as the attraction domain and the corresponding attraction domain gain matrix is designed in terms of standard linear programming approach.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to verify the validity and effectiveness of the presented theoretical findings.

Non-fragile reliable control for positive Markovian jump systems based on event-triggered mechanism

This paper is concerned with the non-fragile reliable control of positive Markovian jump systems with actuator saturation based on event-triggered mechanism.First,an event-triggering condition is given in the form of 1-norm.Using a stochastic co-positive Lyapunov function,a design approach is proposed for the non-fragile controller gain and the corresponding auxiliary feedback gain.Under the designed controller,the closed-loop system is positive and stochastically stable even if actuator faults occur.A cone is constructed as the invariant set of the systems.All conditions are solvable in terms of linear programming.Finally,two examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the obtained results.

Geographical Reconnaissance of Household in Northern Nigeria towards Optimizing Indoor Residual Spraying Method for Malaria Elimination

As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain significant malaria elimination intervention. GIS tool was used for geographical reconnaissance (GR), providing demographic data on respondents’ household and spatial information on the distribution of households in the selected location. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect spatial data in the two locations, while a quantitative questionnaire was used to collect the household data. The analysis of field data indicated that 49,500 unique households were enumerated and thus included in the Indoor Residual Spraying to prevent malaria infection, covering 424 towns in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). 383,301 persons were recorded during the GR exercise in Doma and Nassarawa Eggon LGAs out of which 79,339 were children of agesless than five years, with 13,526 pregnant women. Further data analysis revealed that the average number of persons per household in both LGAs was approximately eight. The spatial information from the GR provides a foundation for an updateable database for any future survey for developmental activities in Nigeria. The use of modern GR approach has proved to be accurate, reliable and more cost effective and less cumbersome than the traditional approach in the collection and geo-positioning of household data. Use of Garmin e-Trex GPS handheld instruments to collect household data in the designated areas removed the constraints of expensive Personal Digital Assistants and reduced errors of wrong location coordinates. Several African countries which did not use GR or applied the use of Geospatial tool appropriately had setbacks. The previous study in other countries showed limitations which was characterized by substantial inherent logistical and technical challenges culminating in missed targets. This setback was addressed in our study.

FPC-BTB detection and positioning system based on optimized YOLOv5

With the aim of addressing the visual positioning problem of board-to-board(BTB)jacks during the automatic assembly of flexible printed circuit(FPC)in mobile phones,an FPC-BTB jack detection method based on the optimized You Only Look Once,version 5(YOLOv5)deep learning algorithm was proposed in this study.An FPC-BTB jack real-time detection and positioning system was developed for the real-time target detection and pose output synchronization of the BTB jack.On that basis,a visual positioning experimental platform that integrated a UR5e manipulator arm and Hikvision industrial camera was built for BTB jack detection and positioning experiments.As indicated by the experimental results,the developed FPC-BTB jack detection and positioning system for BTB target recognition and positioning achieved a success rate of 99.677%.Its average detection accuracy reached 99.341%,the average confidence of the detected target was 91%,the detection and positioning speed reached 31.25 frames per second,and the positioning deviation was less than 0.93 mm,which conforms to the practical application requirements of the FPC assembly process.

Combination of light-emitting diode positioning identification and time-division multiplexing scheme for indoor location-based service

A combination of light-emitting diode（LED） identification and a time-division multiplexing scheme is proposed in this Letter for indoor location-based service. With the scheme, the arrangement of white LED lamps and the structure of a data frame are designed to realize high-accuracy indoor positioning and location-based payload data transmission simultaneously. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the indoor positioning accuracy is 10 cm and 2 Mb/s data transmission with high signal quality is realized.

Optimizing artificial neural network-based indoor positioning system using genetic algorithm

The Global Positioning System(GPS)is expected to play an integral role in the development of digital earth;however,the GPS cannot provide positioning information in regions where a majority of the population spends their time,that is,in urban and indoor environments.Hence,alternate positioning systems that work in indoor and urban environments should be developed to achieve the vision of digital earth.Wi-Fi-based positioning systems(WPS)stand out because of the near-ubiquitous presence of the associated infrastructure and signals in indoor environments.The WPS-based fingerprinting is the most widely adopted technique for position determination,but its accuracy is lower than that of techniques such as time of arrival and angle of arrival.Improving the accuracy is still a challenging task because of the complex nature of the propagation of Wi-Fi signals.Here,a novel server-based,genetic-algorithm-optimized,cascading artificial neural network-based positioning model is presented.The model is tested in 2D and 3D indoor environments under varying conditions.The model is thoroughly investigated on a real Wi-Fi network,and its accuracy is found to be better than that of other well-known techniques.A mean accuracy of 1.9 m is achieved with 87%of the distance error within the range of 0-3 m.