Preoperative Gabapentin Dosage Relationship to Length of Stay in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit in Patients Undergoing Pelvic and Breast Surgery

Background: Gabapentin is routinely prescribed preoperatively to decrease postoperative pain intensity. It is included in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) recommendations. Objective: To analyze correlation of gabapentin dosage and post anesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay (LOS) and cost. Study Design: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent general anesthesia and received preoperative oral gabapentin from June 2017 to August 2017 for pelvic and breast procedures. The main outcome was correlation between PACU LOS and gabapentin dosage in the outpatients. Financial analysis was performed to assess the cost to the hospital associated with increased LOS. Results: Of the 636 patients, 405 patients received 300 mg and 231 patients received 100 mg gabapentin. Mean dosage per kg (mg/kg ± SD) was 3.12 ± 1.51 (range: 0.86 to 6.12). PACU LOS was 96 ± 77 (minutes ± SD) in patients receiving 100 mg and 120 ± 96 in patients receiving 300 mg capsule (p = 0.001). Linear regression analysis, failed to show a statistically significant correlation between per kg dosage and PACU LOS (p = 0.13). Using multiple regression analysis, we calculated the correlation coefficient to be +1.71 minutes per 1mg/kg gabapentin (95% CI: -3.75 to +7.10, p = 0.54) after adjusting for confounders. Adding 3 mg/kg to pre-op gabapentin dosage of all outpatients cost on average, an extra $9794 per month in this cohort. Conclusion: Every 1mg/kg increase in gabapentin dosage adds an estimated 7.1 minutes to PACU LOS. A 3 mg/kg increase in gabapentin adds estimated 22 additional minutes in PACU LOS. Unfortunately, increase LOS is associated with increased hospital costs.

Pain Management and Factors Associated with Its Severity among Post Surgical Patients Admitted in the Intensive Care Unit at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

Background: Pain is the common experience among post operative patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Inadequate management can lead to undesired complications which can increase risk for morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess pain management and factors associated with its severity among post surgical patients admitted in intensive care unit at MNH. Method: A prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018 involving a total of 123 post operative patients aged 18 years and above admitted to the surgical and obstetric intensive care units. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain the required perioperative information. Severity of pain was assessed by using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Frequency, percentages, tables and charts were used to summarize the study findings. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were done. P-value of Results: The prevalence of severe post operative pain within 24 and 72 hours was 32.1% and 41.5% respectively. Pre operative use of analgesia (OR: 2.66, CI: 1.15 - 6.12, P value = 0.02), abdominal surgery (OR: 4.12 CI: 1.12 - 15.88, P value = 0.03) and thoracic surgeries (OR;7.42, CI: 1.54 - 35.88, P value = 0.01) was significantly associated with severe pain. Age, sex, ASA class, duration of surgery, and level of education did not show significant association with pain severity. Opioids prescribed postoperatively were pethidine (70.7%), morphine (11.4%) and fentanyl (11.4%). Other analgesics used were paracetamol (60.2%) and diclofenac (22%). Conclusion: The magnitude of post operative pain was high. Pre operative uses of analgesia, abdominal and thoracic surgery were the factors associated with severe pain. Pethidine and paracetamol were the most prescribed drugs, however the prescription pattern used was inadequate to control pain.

Management of procedural pain in the intensive care unit

Pain is a common experience for inpatients,and intensive care unit(ICU)patients undergo more pain than other departmental patients,with an incidence of 50%at rest and up to 80%during common care procedures.At present,the management of persistent pain in ICU patients has attracted considerable attention,and there are many related clinical studies and guidelines.However,the management of transient pain caused by certain ICU procedures has not received sufficient attention.We reviewed the different management strategies for procedural pain in the ICU and reached a conclusion.Pain management is a process of continuous quality improvement that requires multidisciplinary team cooperation,painrelated training of all relevant personnel,effective relief of all kinds of pain,and improvement of patients'quality of life.In clinical work,which involves complex and diverse patients,we should pay attention to the following points for procedural pain:(1)Consider not only the patient's persistent pain but also his or her procedural pain;(2)Conduct multimodal pain management;(3)Provide combined sedation on the basis of pain management;and(4)Perform individualized pain management.Until now,the pain management of procedural pain in the ICU has not attracted extensive attention.Therefore,we expect additional studies to solve the existing problems of procedural pain management in the ICU.

Characteristics of postintensive care syndrome in survivors of pediatric critical illness: A systematic review

AIM To synthesize the available evidence focusing on morbidities in pediatric survivors of critical illness that fall within the defined construct of postintensive care syndrome(PICS) in adults, including physical, neurocognitive and psychological morbidities.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Psyc INFO, and CINAHL using controlled vocabulary and key word terms to identify studies reporting characteristics of PICS in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) patients. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and performed data extraction. From the 3176 articles identified in the search, 252 abstracts were identified for full text review and nineteen were identified for inclusion in the review. All studies reporting characteristics of PICS in PICU patients were included in the final synthesis. RESULTS Nineteen studies meeting inclusion criteria published between 1995 and 2016 were identified and categorized into studies reporting morbidities in each of three categories-physical, neurocognitive and psychological. The majority of included articles reported prospective cohort studies, and there was significant variability in the outcome measures utilized. A synthesis of the studies indicate that morbidities encompassing PICS are well-described in children who have survived critical illness, often resolving over time. Risk factors for development of these morbidities include younger age, lower socioeconomic status, increased number of invasive procedures or interventions, type of illness, and increased benzodiazepine andnarcotic administration.CONCLUSION PICS-related morbidities impact a significant proportion of children discharged from PICUs. In order to further define PICS in children, more research is needed using standardized tools to better understand the scope and natural history of morbidities after hospital discharge. Improving our understanding of physical, neurocognitive, and psychological morbidities after critical illness in the pediatric population is imperative for designing interventions to improve long-term outcomes in PICU patients.

Mothers’ Knowledge of Health Caring for Premature Infants after Discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Background: Preterm labor is one of the most public health problems related to neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Poor knowledge among mothers about the care requirements of a preterm neonate is immediate cause for post-discharge medical problems in premature and neonates readmission to NICU. Hence, this study aims to evaluate mothers’ knowledge of caring for premature infants post-discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Gaza strip. Methods: A Quantitative-based cross-sectional designs study was used to survey 120 mothers of preterm neonates at the time of preterm neonates discharge by face-to-face interview at Al-Shifa medical complex and Nasser hospital between February and June 2018. Results: The results showed that only about 58.4% of mothers of premature babies had good knowledge about health care needed for premature infants after discharge from NICU. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the level of knowledge and mother’s sociodemographic characteristics (P-values > 0.05). Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge of premature infants care was not at the optimal level, which might put the newborns at risk. Therefore, the study emphasizes the necessity of thoughtful exchange of health information between team members and mothers and establishing pre- and post-discharge plans with mothers to start their healthy transition of preterm neonate to home and to ameliorate family concerns.

Acute Stress Symptoms in Families of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during the First 24 Hours Following Admission in Japan

Families of patients in the intensive care unit often experience sever stress. Understanding their experience is important for providing family-centered care during this difficult period. Little is known about the experience of families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with acute stress symptoms among families of patients admitted to the ICU, we carried out a cross-sectional study at a teaching and advanced treatment hospital. The mean total Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) score differed significantly between planned and unplanned ICU admissions (t = 4.03, p < 0.05), indicating a main effect of admission type (F = 18.5, p < 0.05). There was no significant main effect of relationship (F = 0.05, p = 0.82) or interaction effect of admission type and relationship (F = 0.54, p = 0.47). Multiple regression analysis indicated that admission type was significantly associated with acute stress symptoms (B = 18.09, β = 0.47, p < 0.01), and explained 22% of the variance in total IES-R score. Whether a patient had a planned or unplanned admission to the ICU influenced symptoms associated with acute stress symptoms of family members more than did getting support from nurses, being the patient’s spouse, or the severity of illness of the patient.

全麻患者术后麻醉重症监护室中新发下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素

目的筛选全麻术后转入麻醉重症监护室(AICU)的患者新发下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的危险因素。方法回顾性收集2022年5—8月择期行全麻下手术后带气管插管转入AICU的患者192例,男105例,女87例,年龄18~85岁,BMI 18~31 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。收集患者基线资料、麻醉手术资料及实验室检查资料。根据入AICU 6 h内的超声结果是否有新发DVT将患者分为两组:DVT组和非DVT组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选AICU中患者术后6 h内新发DVT的危险因素及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果全麻术后在AICU新发DVT的患者有64例(33.3%),均为小腿肌间静脉血栓(CMVT)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前心律失常(OR=2.236,95%CI 1.011~4.943,P=0.047)、术前血小板计数高(OR=1.006,95%CI 1.002~1.010,P=0.007)、术前D⁃二聚体浓度高(OR=1.203,95%CI 1.046~1.383,P=0.010)、术中低血压(OR=1.010,95%CI 1.002~1.019,P=0.020)和术中应用去甲肾上腺素(OR=3.796,95%CI 1.697~8.492,P=0.001)是全麻术后AICU中患者新发DVT的危险因素;阿司匹林规律服用史(OR=0.176,95%CI 0.060~0.518,P=0.002)是其保护因素。结论术前心律失常、术前血小板计数高、术前D⁃二聚体浓度高、术中低血压及术中应用去甲肾上腺素是全麻手术后AICU患者6 h内新发DVT的危险因素。

接纳与承诺疗法对重症监护病房转出患者创伤后应激障碍及创伤后成长的影响

目的探讨接纳与承诺疗法对重症监护病房(ICU)转出患者创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)及创伤后成长(PTG)的影响。方法选择2021年7月至2022年12月南通市第一人民医院综合ICU转出患者86例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各43例。对照组给予ICU转出患者常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上联合应用接纳与承诺疗法。比较两组PTSD、PTG、重返ICU率。结果观察组患者回避/麻木、高警觉、再体验、PSTD总分均低于对照组(P<0.05);个人力量、人际关系、新可能性、精神变化、PTG总分高于对照组(P<0.05);重返ICU率低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.547,P<0.05)。结论接纳与承诺疗法能够缓解ICU转出患者创伤后应激障碍,促进创伤后成长,降低重返ICU发生率。

改良Aldrete量表和DPART在全身麻醉术后复苏病人中的应用效果比较

目的:探讨中文版DPART量表与改良Aldrete量表对全身麻醉病人术后复苏效果的评估效果。方法:以全身麻醉术后入麻醉复苏室(PACU)接受治疗的病人为研究对象,按手术日期先后顺序分为改良Aldrete组和DPART组。改良Aldrete组105例病人采用改良Aldrete作为出室评估工具,DPART组109例病人采用DPART作为出室评估工具,比较两组病人PACU停留时间、出室时疼痛评分、镇静躁动得分、苏醒期躁动发生率、恶心呕吐评分和护士对于两种量表的可行性、实用性评价。结果:DPART组PACU停留时间长于改良Aldrete组(P<0.05),但出室时疼痛评分、恶心呕吐评分低于改良Aldrete组(P<0.05);两组出室时镇静躁动得分及苏醒期躁动发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);DPART组量表的可行性评分低于改良Aldrete组(P<0.05),实用性评分高于改良Aldrete组(P<0.05)。结论:应用中文版DPART量表评估PACU病人,病人PACU停留时间较使用改良Aldrete量表评估延长,但病人出室时各项体征表现较好,更有利于保障全身麻醉术后病人安全转出PACU。

麻醉重症监护室是践行围术期医学的重要平台

近年来随着我国人口老龄化、疾病谱的改变和外科技术的发展,进行手术治疗的高危患者逐渐增加。而麻醉科医师传统的围麻醉期工作方式已不能满足现代医学发展的需求。麻醉学科正通过发挥自身的学科优势逐渐向围术期医学转变。麻醉重症监护室(AICU)是为围术期危重症患者提供复苏、监护和救治等麻醉医疗服务的场所,也是践行围术期医学的重要平台。本文将阐述建设发展AICU的必要性和学科优势,为手术患者围术期优质管理提供参考。

ICU护士职业死亡回避对创伤后成长的影响研究

目的了解ICU护士职业死亡回避与创伤后成长的现状,探讨ICU护士职业死亡回避及创伤后成长的相关性。方法于2023年4-8月,采用一般资料调查表、ICU护士职业死亡回避量表、创伤后成长量表对陕西省4所三级甲等医院的ICU护士开展问卷调查。结果职业死亡回避总分(55.42±6.24)分;创伤后成长总分(58.02±8.82)分。职业死亡回避与创伤后成长呈负相关(r=-0.480,P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果显示:职业死亡回避、年龄、职称、工作年限是影响ICU护士创伤后成长的主要因素(均P<0.05)。结论ICU护士职业死亡回避处于较高水平;创伤后成长处于中等水平。护理管理者可以从职业死亡回避层面出发,通过降低ICU护士的职业死亡回避来提高其创伤后成长水平,促进护士成长。

麻醉复苏室护士对麻醉苏醒期风险认知和患者安全胜任力现状的影响因素分析

目的研究麻醉复苏室(Post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)护士对麻醉苏醒期风险认知和患者安全胜任力现状,并分析麻醉苏醒期风险认知和患者安全胜任力相关性的影响因素。方法采用分层多阶段聚类抽样法于2022年6月-8月抽取新疆16所综合性医院的228名PACU护士为研究对象,采用电子问卷形式,问卷由一般资料、麻醉苏醒期风险认知调查问卷和患者安全胜任力护士评价量表组成,收集PACU护士对麻醉苏醒期风险认知和患者安全胜任力情况,分析患者安全胜任力和麻醉苏醒期风险认知的相关性及影响因素。结果PACU护士麻醉苏醒期风险认知总得分为(97.34±8.06)分,患者安全胜任力护士评价量表总得分为(148.72±11.80)分。在不同医院级别、学历、职称、麻醉护理工作年限、麻醉风险应急预案和麻醉风险培训频率PACU护士的患者安全胜任力和麻醉苏醒期风险认知差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,PACU护士麻醉苏醒期风险认知与患者安全胜任力各维度呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,麻醉护理工作年限、职称、麻醉风险培训频率、苏醒期风险认知总分是PACU护士患者安全胜任力的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论PACU护士的麻醉苏醒期风险认知和患者安全胜任力处于中等偏上水平,麻醉苏醒期风险认知水平的改善有助于PACU护士提高患者安全胜任力。

持续质量改进对麻醉恢复室全麻低体温患者复温效果的影响观察

目的探讨持续质量改进对麻醉恢复室(PACU)全麻低体温患者复温效果的影响观察。方法运用持续质量改进对低体温发生率进行原因分析并制定相关护理常规流程,全程监督反馈,进行质量改进。结果PACU全麻低体温发生率由49.83%降到了6.67%。结论持续质量改进可有效降低PACU全麻恢复期患者低体温发生率,达到医疗质量持续改进的目的。

多学科协作护理模式在脊柱侧弯矫正术后麻醉复苏室护理中的应用效果

目的探究在脊柱侧弯矫正术后麻醉复苏室护理中应用多学科协作(MDT)护理模式的效果。方法选取2023年1月至5月在核工业四一六医院行脊柱侧弯矫正术患者104例为观察对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与试验组,各52例。全部患者术后均送至麻醉复苏室接受相关护理,对照组接受常规护理干预,试验组接受MDT护理模式。比较两组术后苏醒相关指标。结果试验组患者完全苏醒时间、麻醉复苏室滞留时间、拔管时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苏醒后,试验组体温高于对照组,舒张压、收缩压、心率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组躁动程度、寒战程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MDT护理模式缩短苏醒时间及麻醉复苏室滞留时间,减少躁动、寒战发生,维护患者生命体征稳定。

全麻术后苏醒期患者呼气末二氧化碳分压监测的研究进展

综述呼气末二氧化碳分压监测在麻醉后苏醒室的应用,主要包括呼气末二氧化碳分压监测的优势、方法、波形分析及应用等,旨在为全麻术后苏醒期患者实施呼气末二氧化碳分压监测提供参考。

不同频次唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后患者苏醒效果的影响

目的探讨不同频次的唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)患者苏醒效果的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入气管导管观察的116例患者为研究对象,探讨不同频次(试验组A每5分钟、试验组B每10分钟、对照组等待患者自然苏醒)的唤醒护理对气管导管拔管时间、拔管后苏醒时间、总苏醒时间、拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动、拔管成功率、拔管后低氧血症和平均动脉压波动发生率的影响。结果气管导管拔管时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A和试验组B显著短于对照组(均P<0.05);试验组A与试验组B差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。拔管后苏醒时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A显著长于对照组(P<0.05)。总苏醒时间三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组气管导管拔管成功率和拔管后低氧血症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组A和试验组B拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动程度和拔管后平均动脉压波动发生率明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论5 min和10 min频次的唤醒护理均能有效减少全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后患者在气管导管机械通气时间,降低拔管时呛咳反应和苏醒期躁动严重度,有利于维持拔管时血流动力学稳定,提高苏醒质量。

THRIVE在麻醉后恢复室治疗低氧血症患者的效果评估

目的比较经鼻湿化快速充气交换通气(transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange,THRIVE)与传统面罩吸氧在麻醉后恢复室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)治疗低氧血症患者的效果。方法选取2023年6~12月于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院全身麻醉(以下简称全麻)手术后入PACU即刻脉搏血氧饱和度(pulse oxygen saturation,SpO_(2))<95%的患者144例。随机分为THRIVE组(n=72)和面罩组(n=72),THRIVE组患者采用THRIVE吸氧治疗,面罩组患者采用面罩吸氧治疗。连续心电监测患者的生命体征,并比较两组患者在不同时间点的SpO_(2)、达到出恢复室标准的留观时间以及患者满意度。结果THRIVE组吸氧1min的SpO_(2)(98.40%±1.65%)显著高于面罩组(96.72%±1.87%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);THRIVE组PACU留观时间为36.76±15.46min,较面罩组(44.38±21.73min)显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者返回病房后的SpO_(2)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);THRIVE组患者的满意度评分(18.31±1.00分)显著高于面罩组(17.46±1.17分),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在PACU期间应用THRIVE治疗低氧血症的效果显著优于传统面罩。应用THRIVE可以有效地改善患者的氧合状况,提高PACU的周转率以及患者的满意度,为全麻术后低氧血症的治疗提供了一种更有效的方案。

护理标识牌对麻醉恢复室不良事件的预防效果分析

目的根据临床需求自制护理标识牌,并探讨其对麻醉恢复室(PACU)不良事件的预防效果。方法选取2018-02/2019-05期间解放军总医院第一医学中心PACU收治的全身麻醉手术患者600例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=300)和试验组(n=300),对照组给予常规护理流程,试验组在对照组基础上使用护理标识牌用于医护交接班及PACU护理工作中。观察2组患者液体外渗、苏醒延迟、非计划性拔除气管导管、非计划性拔除动脉置管等不良事件发生率,采用护理质量调查问卷对PACU护士进行评价,包括对管道管理、患者安全管理、交接班内容完整性、沟通交流和转运管理5个维度;用护理满意度调查量表对护士工作满意度进行调查。结果试验组患者较对照组患者术后不良事件发生率降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组使用护理标识牌后护理质量各难度评分较对照组有所提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论护理标识牌应用于PACU护理中能有效降低不良事件的发生率,提高了护理质量,适宜在临床推广应用。

心肺康复护士专职岗位在重症监护室的设立与实践研究

目的:探讨心肺康复护士专职岗位在重症监护室(ICU)设立的可行性、工作模式及临床效果。方法:2021年12月在本院ICU设立心肺康复护士专职岗位,以2020年12月至2021年11月收治的50例患者为对照组,2021年12月至2022年10月收治的50例患者为试验组。比较两组患者的肺功能指标、APACHEⅡ评分、心功能指标、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、ICU住院费用。结果:试验组肺功能指标(临床肺部感染评分、氧合指数、PO_(2)、PCO_(2))明显优于对照组(P<0.05);试验组APACHEⅡ评分较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);试验组心功能指标(LVDD、LVSD、LVEF)明显优于对照组(P<0.05);试验组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间短于对照组,ICU住院费用低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:心肺康复护士专职岗位的设立不仅可以明显改善重症患者的心肺功能,降低患者的经济负担,还可以促进ICU护士专业化发展,进一步提升其科研能力。

ICU气管插管患者拔管后吞咽功能障碍的相关因素研究进展

在重症监护室(ICU)的治疗环境中,长期机械通气将对患者的喉部结构与功能带来一系列的负面影响,特别是在进行气管插管拔除后。吞咽功能障碍的发生不仅局限于吞咽困难和食物残留,其还同时可伴随声音嘶哑、咳嗽和呛咳等症状,严重时甚至会导致患者发生吸入性肺炎和营养不良。影响吞咽功能的因素较复杂,包括肌肉萎缩、神经控制损伤、喉反射减退、心理因素以及整体身体状况等。本文综述ICU气管插管患者在拔管后吞咽功能障碍的病因、影响因素,并对现行的治疗干预措施进行阐述,旨在为临床医生提供有关吞咽功能障碍的治疗参考。对制订个体化的治疗方案,减少并发症的风险,加快患者康复具有重要意义,同时也为未来的研究方向和临床实践提供了新的视角。