Objective:This review is aimed at explaining the psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose(CBG)testing and insulin injection,as well as recommending essential strategies to solve the fear thereof.Metho...Objective:This review is aimed at explaining the psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose(CBG)testing and insulin injection,as well as recommending essential strategies to solve the fear thereof.Methods:Databases,including PubMed,Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Scopus,and Google Scholar,were searched to extract the relevant articles.Initially,the terms used to retrieve related studies were"fear of blood glucose monitoring","anxiety capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection","psychological problems on blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection","diabetes management",and"diabetes mellitus".Results:Results showed that the psychological problems related to CBG testing and insulin injection were associated with the stress and depression experienced during diabetes self-monitoring of blood glucose.This psychological issue has its impacts such as nonadherence to medication as well as a lack of self-discipline in terms of CBG testing and insulin injection.Inadequate information,inappropriate perception,and pain/discomfort during pricking of fingers were the main reasons for the psychological issues in CBG testing and self-injection of insulin.Conclusions:The expected benefits of this review include the explanation of the issues related to the psychological problems in CBG testing and insulin injection among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.This review article also provides the recommendations on providing counseling and empowering the patients on CBG monitoring and insulin injection.Moreover,family members should provide psychological support to reduce fear,anxiety,and distress arising from CBG testing and insulin injection.展开更多
BACKGROUND An inconclusive result from BRCA1/2 genetic testing indicates that a genetic variant of uncertain significance is detected.This case constitutes the majority of genetic test results,but studies specifically...BACKGROUND An inconclusive result from BRCA1/2 genetic testing indicates that a genetic variant of uncertain significance is detected.This case constitutes the majority of genetic test results,but studies specifically addressing the psychological adjustment of people with inconclusive results are scarce.AIM To examine psychological outcomes of receiving an uninformative BRCA1/2 test result.METHODS PubMed,PsychInfo,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were screened for studies focusing on distress,anxiety,and depression levels in individuals with inconclusive genetic test results.This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method.RESULTS Studies on psychological outcomes of inconclusive BRCA1/2 focused on general and specific distress,anxiety,and depression.Overall,they produced mixed results.These inconsistent findings are probably due to the uncertainty caused by this type of result,that may also influence the decisions of individuals about surveillance and prophylactic options,reducing their compliance.In addition,this review highlights specific risk and protective factors that affect psychological adjustment in individuals with an inconclusive genetic testing result.CONCLUSION Individuals with inconclusive genetic test results need specific educational programs and support to better understand the meaning of their results in order to be able to make decisions about surveillance and prophylactic options.展开更多
The projective test is not only helpful to find the potential psychological crisis,but also to overcome the language barrier and make up for the deficiency of the questionnaire test to a certain extent.In this study,4...The projective test is not only helpful to find the potential psychological crisis,but also to overcome the language barrier and make up for the deficiency of the questionnaire test to a certain extent.In this study,403 college students(205 Tibetan students and 198 Han students)from a national college were selected to test their mental health with Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)and House-Tree-Person test(HTP).By comparing the results of questionnaire test and drawing projection test,it is found that SCL-90 and HTP test are significantly related to the positive screening results of four factors:Somatization,Depression,Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety.Both HTP test and SCL-90 test results show that the scores of Somatization,Depression,Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of Tibetan and Han college students were significantly different;the scores of Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of different gender college students were significantly different.Using HTP test as a supplementary test of questionnaire test can effectively improve the accuracy of screening.展开更多
Competency-based testing is part of a broader trend towards a psychologization of the pedagogical which is characteristic for the educational systems of the USA and Europe in the second halve of the 20th century. The ...Competency-based testing is part of a broader trend towards a psychologization of the pedagogical which is characteristic for the educational systems of the USA and Europe in the second halve of the 20th century. The article examines David C. McClelland＇s pathbreaking paper Testing for Competence Rather Than for ＂Intelligence （1973） as an important testimony of this trend. McClelland＇s paper breaks down into two halves that rely on fundamentally different normative premises： on the one hand the political demand for social equality, on the other hand the economic demand for increased performance. Only the latter demand, which is formulated most forcefully in McClelland＇s book The Achieving Society （1961）, can be considered as a crucial factor in determining the course of the recent reforms of the educational systems of the German-speaking world. A clear example of this can be seen in Franz E. Weinert＇s influential paper on Comparative Performance Measurement in Schools （2001）.展开更多
基金the Layanan Beasiswa dan Pendanaan Riset Indonesia(LPDP)Scholarship scheme for supporting this study。
文摘Objective:This review is aimed at explaining the psychological problems related to capillary blood glucose(CBG)testing and insulin injection,as well as recommending essential strategies to solve the fear thereof.Methods:Databases,including PubMed,Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Scopus,and Google Scholar,were searched to extract the relevant articles.Initially,the terms used to retrieve related studies were"fear of blood glucose monitoring","anxiety capillary blood glucose testing and insulin injection","psychological problems on blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection","diabetes management",and"diabetes mellitus".Results:Results showed that the psychological problems related to CBG testing and insulin injection were associated with the stress and depression experienced during diabetes self-monitoring of blood glucose.This psychological issue has its impacts such as nonadherence to medication as well as a lack of self-discipline in terms of CBG testing and insulin injection.Inadequate information,inappropriate perception,and pain/discomfort during pricking of fingers were the main reasons for the psychological issues in CBG testing and self-injection of insulin.Conclusions:The expected benefits of this review include the explanation of the issues related to the psychological problems in CBG testing and insulin injection among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.This review article also provides the recommendations on providing counseling and empowering the patients on CBG monitoring and insulin injection.Moreover,family members should provide psychological support to reduce fear,anxiety,and distress arising from CBG testing and insulin injection.
文摘BACKGROUND An inconclusive result from BRCA1/2 genetic testing indicates that a genetic variant of uncertain significance is detected.This case constitutes the majority of genetic test results,but studies specifically addressing the psychological adjustment of people with inconclusive results are scarce.AIM To examine psychological outcomes of receiving an uninformative BRCA1/2 test result.METHODS PubMed,PsychInfo,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were screened for studies focusing on distress,anxiety,and depression levels in individuals with inconclusive genetic test results.This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method.RESULTS Studies on psychological outcomes of inconclusive BRCA1/2 focused on general and specific distress,anxiety,and depression.Overall,they produced mixed results.These inconsistent findings are probably due to the uncertainty caused by this type of result,that may also influence the decisions of individuals about surveillance and prophylactic options,reducing their compliance.In addition,this review highlights specific risk and protective factors that affect psychological adjustment in individuals with an inconclusive genetic testing result.CONCLUSION Individuals with inconclusive genetic test results need specific educational programs and support to better understand the meaning of their results in order to be able to make decisions about surveillance and prophylactic options.
基金This paper is one of a series of research results of the soft science research project"Application of Painting Art Therapy in the Mental Health Education of Tibetan College Students"(a key project at the provincial level,Project Approval No.:RK20180010)of the department of science and technology of Tibet Autonomous Region.
文摘The projective test is not only helpful to find the potential psychological crisis,but also to overcome the language barrier and make up for the deficiency of the questionnaire test to a certain extent.In this study,403 college students(205 Tibetan students and 198 Han students)from a national college were selected to test their mental health with Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)and House-Tree-Person test(HTP).By comparing the results of questionnaire test and drawing projection test,it is found that SCL-90 and HTP test are significantly related to the positive screening results of four factors:Somatization,Depression,Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety.Both HTP test and SCL-90 test results show that the scores of Somatization,Depression,Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of Tibetan and Han college students were significantly different;the scores of Anxiety and Phobic Anxiety of different gender college students were significantly different.Using HTP test as a supplementary test of questionnaire test can effectively improve the accuracy of screening.
文摘Competency-based testing is part of a broader trend towards a psychologization of the pedagogical which is characteristic for the educational systems of the USA and Europe in the second halve of the 20th century. The article examines David C. McClelland＇s pathbreaking paper Testing for Competence Rather Than for ＂Intelligence （1973） as an important testimony of this trend. McClelland＇s paper breaks down into two halves that rely on fundamentally different normative premises： on the one hand the political demand for social equality, on the other hand the economic demand for increased performance. Only the latter demand, which is formulated most forcefully in McClelland＇s book The Achieving Society （1961）, can be considered as a crucial factor in determining the course of the recent reforms of the educational systems of the German-speaking world. A clear example of this can be seen in Franz E. Weinert＇s influential paper on Comparative Performance Measurement in Schools （2001）.
