Preface to Special Issue on Towards High Performance Ga_(2)O_(3) Electronics: Epitaxial Growth and Power Devices(Ⅰ)

There is currently great optimism within the electronics community that gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3)) ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors have unprecedented prospects for eventually revolutionizing a rich variety of power electronic applications. Specially, benefiting from its ultra-high bandgap of around 4.8 eV, it is expected that the emerging Ga_(2)O_(3) technology would offer an exciting platform to deliver massively enhanced device performance for power electronics and even completely new applications.

The Contrastive Study on the Use of Politeness in Chinese Preface and English Preface

Based on Leech's maxims of politeness, this paper conducts a contrastive study between the use of politeness strategies in 30 Chinese prefaces and that in 30 English prefaces which are published about English study.

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For celebrating the 70th birthday of Professor Kang Li-shan,we edit and publish this Special Issue to report ourrecent researches in parallel computing and evolutionary computation. Professor Kang is one of the pioneers in parallel computing researches in China.In 1970ms he creatd the SchwarzAlternating Procedure and developed a class of asynchronous parallel algorithms for solving mathematical physics prob-lems called the domain decomposition methods(DDM).Then he and his colleagues continued to set up theoretic foun-

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Materials science and technology is the basis and driving force in the progress of human society,where a great number of research frontiers represented by nanomaterials。

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The 9th Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences （IAMAS-2005） was held at the Beijing International Convention Center （BICC）, Beijing, China from August 2-11, 2005. The Theme of IAMAS-2005 is： The Fascinating Atmosphere： Changeable and Changing.

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The Climate System Model Development and Application Studies （CSMDA for short） is an International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams that was started in October 2004 and is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. The initial objectives are ＂to develop a sustainable climate system model that can represent the interaction of different spheres in the climate system, to provide a cross-cut research platform for atmospheric sciences, oceanography and other related fields, and to offer theoretical support for developing and improving reasonable short-range climate prediction systems＂.

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Rheology is a new cross discipline which researches on flow and deformation of matter and material,furthermore the rules of

Preface to the Special Issue on the “Observation,Prediction and Analysis of severe Convection of China”(OPACC) National “973” Project

China is a country that is frequently affected by severe convective weather. Here, severe convective weather mainly refers to intense local heavy precipitation, thunderstorm-induced gale-force winds including those from tornadoes and downbursts, and hail and lightning. These types of severe weather are usually small in spatial scale and rapid in their development, and are therefore difficult to capture by observational networks and are poorly resolved in typical operational numerical weather prediction （NWP） models. Furthermore, many of the important dynamic and physical processes involved are not well understood. Within China, the impacts of severe convective weather rank only after those of landfalling typhoons and widespread heavy precipitation and flooding. Studies （e.g., Zhang and Zhai, 2011） have shown tendencies for an increased frequency in short-duration extreme precipitation during the past several decades over most of eastern China, where the population is most dense. An in-depth understanding of severe convective weather in China, as well as being able to accurately predict it, is clearly of great importance.

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The International Conference of Nonferrous Materials (ICNFM) ’2007 was held in Changsha and Zhangjiajie, China, from November 25 to November 30, 2007.

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Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) is regarded as an endemic, chronic, high incidence and degenerative osteoarthropathie disease. The areas of endemic KBD are relatively stable and are correlated with specific geographical environments. In China, estimation of KBD patients in 1985 indicated more than 2 million people were severely affected in a broad region inhibited by over 30 million people. KBD endemic areas form a broad belt extending from northeast to southwest. The disease mostly appears in mountainous and hilly regions, and farmers are the major potentially affected ones. Hence KBD has been designated a national health priori-ty problem in China since 60’s.

Preface:molecular,cellular,and tissue mechanobiology

Mechanics plays a crucial role in a diversity of biological processes at different length(from molecules,cells,tissues,organs to organisms)and time scales.As a rapidly growing field across the interfaces of mechanics,biology,and medical engineering,mechanobiology aims to identify the mechanical and biological responses of cells and tissues of

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The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Laud System model （FGOALS） is a coupled climate model that allows researchers to conduct fundamental research into the Earth＇s past, present, near-term and long-term future climate states. FGOALS couples the ocean, atmosphere, land, and sea ice through a coupler that coordinates the component models and passes the exchange of energy, momentum, and water among them. The first version of the model, FGOALS1, was released in 2004 as a new version of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere- Land System Model （GOALS）, which has been developed by LASG/IAP since the early 1990s. FGOALS1 has been applied to comparative model calculations in the context of CMIP3, as well as a variety of scientific studies that support the implementation of many Chinese research projects. The second version of the model, FGOALS2, was released in 2009, and its experiments have been conducted as part of CMIP5. All the output from the FGOALS-g2 and part output from the FGOALS-s2 CMIP5 runs are available to the international climate research community via the Earth System Grid gateway at LASG/IAP： http：//esg.lasg.ac.cn.

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World crude steel production was reported to be above 1.6 billion tons in 2014 and about a quarter of it was produced throughout the hot rolling process. The excess productivity has been so serious that it was calculated to be over 100 million tons more than needed only in China. This has caused a very heavy competition in the steel industry and the only way for a steel company to survive is to increase the competitiveness.

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In the world over community of system and control, there are a large number of Chinese professors, engineers and experts , who are cultivating in this field industriously. Accompanying the step of world globalization, the communications, academic exchanges and collaborations between Chinese scholars and their abroad colleagues become more and more important. It calls wider platform including international conferences, journals etc. To meet this requirement, this new control journal, Journal of Control Theory and Applications (JCTA) , is now started to publish its first issue.

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The S2P(Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites) International Conferences are dedicated to science and technology of semi-solid processing of metals. Since the discovery of the

Preface to the Special Issue:Aerosols,Clouds,Radiation,Precipitation,and Their Interactions

The treatment of aerosols, clouds, radiation, and precipitation in climate models, in addition to their interactions and as- sociated feedbacks, has long been one of the largest sources of uncertainty in predicting any potential future climate changes. Although many improvements have been made in CMIP5, aerosols, clouds, radiation, and their feedbacks are still a problem in climate models, as concluded in IPCC AR5 and published papers. Many studies have shown that modeled aerosols, clouds, radiation, and precipitation agree with observations within a certain range on a global scale; however, large biases occur at the regional scale. Characterizing the effects of aerosols and clouds on energy and the hydrological cycle and understanding the interactions among aerosols, clouds, radiation, and precipitation, are critical for weather forecasting and climate models. Significant improvements are needed, which require advanced observations and modeling at a range of spatial and temporal scales.

Energy: Preface

Energy is a vital commodity that sustains human lives,as well as economic processes.The challenges towards energy generation,demand and supply are plenty owing to the use of fossil fuels leading to climate change and environmental problems like water and air pollution.With the increasing awareness over climate change,post Paris Agreement,the role of energy plays a key role towards achieving the proposed target.The contributions in this Special Issue of Geoscience Frontiers on Energy includes 8 papers from esteemed research groups worldwide which explores,highlights and provide new insights towards the various aspects of energy.