真学习还是假参与?——Presentation在高校课堂教学应用中的问题与改进

Presentation是目前国内高校教学改革中常用的教学形式之一,在各类学科教学中均有不同程度的应用。这种以增强教学双主体互动为主要特征的教学形式,在实际教学中呈现出学生课堂参与深度不足、学习收获不系统、课堂汇报“一言堂”等问题。学生学习是为了完成任务而非获得知识、学生习惯于服从教师权威而非批判性思考、教师教学准备不足与指导环节缺失,以及教学评价的评价主体与形式单一是造成Presenta-tion应用效果不佳的重要因素。提高Presentation的应用效果,需要强化对教学过程的管理,保障Presentation规范实施;改革学业评价方式,促进学生主动思考与合作学习;拓展教学资源供给,为学生自主与合作学习提供更多支持;鼓励教师开展教学行动研究,不断提高教学专业化水平。

基于Present算法的无线网络通信数据安全加密方法

为降低无线网络通信中数据传输节点的损失系数,引进Present算法,设计一种针对无线网络通信数据的安全加密方法。将贝叶斯定理作为参照,计算得到无线网络通信中数据处于安全状态的概率,推断得到数据通信的安全等级,实现对无线网络通信数据类别的划分;引进Present算法,生成无线网络通信数据轮密钥;根据窗口分割的结果,提取通信网络敏感数据,设定无线网络通信数据的时间序列,实现对无线网络通信数据中敏感数据的主动安全加密。实验结果表明:所提方法应用效果较好,可以将加密后节点损失系数控制在一个相对较低的水平,通过此种方式,降低节点在通信与传输信息时的损失。

Chlorfenapyr poisoning:mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies

BACKGROUND:Chlorfenapyr is used to kill insects that are resistant to organophosphorus insecticides.Chlorfenapyr poisoning has a high mortality rate and is difficult to treat.This article aims to review the mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies for chlorfenapyr poisoning.DATA RESOURCES:We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed,Web of Science,and SpringerLink from their beginnings to the end of October 2023.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews,clinical guidelines,retrospective studies,and case reports on chlorfenapyr poisoning that focused on its mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies.The references in the included studies were also examined to identify additional sources.RESULTS:We included 57 studies in this review.Chlorfenapyr can be degraded into tralopyril,which is more toxic and reduces energy production by inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate.High fever and altered mental status are characteristic clinical presentations of chlorfenapyr poisoning.Once it occurs,respiratory failure occurs immediately,ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death.Chlorfenapyr poisoning is diflcult to treat,and there is no specific antidote.CONCLUSION:Chlorfenapyr is a new pyrrole pesticide.Although it has been identified as a moderately toxic pesticide by the World Health Organization(WHO),the mortality rate of poisoned patients is extremely high.There is no specific antidote for chlorfenapyr poisoning.Therefore,based on the literature review,future efforts to explore rapid and effective detoxification methods,reconstitute intracellular oxidative phosphorylation couplings,identify early biomarkers of chlorfenapyr poisoning,and block the conversion of chlorfenapyr to tralopyril may be helpful for emergency physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Recent Advances for Global Perspectives on Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentations, and Management of Moyamoya Disease

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a condition characterized by the gradual narrowing and blockage of blood vessels in the brain, specifically those in the circle of Willis and the arteries that supply it. This results in reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain, leading to progressive symptoms and potential complications. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains elucidated. However, recent studies have highlighted numerous etiologic factors: abnormal immune complex responses, susceptibility genes, branched-chain amino acids, antibodies, heritable diseases, and acquired diseases, which may be the great potential triggers for the development of moyamoya disease. Its clinical presentation has varying degrees from transient asymptomatic events to significant neurological deficits. Moyamoya disease (MMD) shows different patterns in children and adults. Children with MMD are more susceptible to ischemic events due to decreased blood flow to the brain. Conversely, adults with MMD are more prone to hemorrhagic events involving brain bleeding. Children with MMD may experience a range of symptoms including motor impairments, sensory issues, seizures, headaches, dizziness, cognitive delays, or ongoing neurological problems. Although adults may present with similar clinical symptoms as children, they are more prone to experiencing sudden onset intraventricular, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hemorrhages. One of the challenges in moyamoya disease is the potential for misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, particularly when physicians fail to consider MMD as a possible cause in stroke patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent global studies on the pathophysiology of MMD, along with advancements in its management. Additionally, the review will delve into various surgical treatment options for MMD, as well as its rare occurrence alongside atrioventricular malformations. Exciting prospects include the use of autologous bone marrow transplant and the potential role of Connexin 43 protein treatment in the development of moyamoya disease.

Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury among Pregnant Women Admitted at the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Tanzania

Background: Globally, PRAKI is among the leading causes of death in pregnant women. The prevalence, causes and outcome of this condition vary among countries due to differences in environmental, socioeconomic, and health delivery systems. The common causes that have been reported in several studies are PIH, Haemorrhages and Sepsis while the outcomes may be either complete renal recovery, progression to CKD and hence dialysis dependency or death. This study aimed at determining clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnant women admitted at the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania. Results: Out of 4007 pregnant women who were admitted to the maternity ward 51 pregnant women were found to have PRAKI. Of those with PRAKI, 74.5% were between 21 to 25 years. The leading causes of PRAKI were PPH 12 (23.53%), Eclampsia 12 (23.53%), and pre-eclampsia 12 (23.5%). Hemodialysis therapy was provided to 22 (43.1%) patients, 15 (29.4%) individuals recovered spontaneously with medical management and 14 (27.5%) missed haemodialysis therapy due to various reasons. The mortality due to PRAKI was 17 (33.3%). Conclusion and Recommendation: Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and post-partum haemorrhage were found to be the main causes of PRAKI. The mortality related to PRAKI is high and Hemodialysis therapy is vital help to prevent deaths for pregnant women with PRAKI. Pregnant women who develop acute kidney injury should be followed closely and a nephrologist should be consulted early. Early referral should be done by the lower level facilities for all at-risk pregnant women to a specialized multidisciplinary health facility.

Thinking on Improving Presentation Teaching-Based on the Empirical Analysis of Presentation in College English Classes of Junior Non-English Majors in Universities of Science and Engineering

Based on the empirical investigation of presentation in college English classes for junior non-English majors in science and engineering universities,the author explains her own thinking on how to improve presentation teaching from four aspects:setting teaching objectives,selecting teaching contents,using teaching methods,and evaluating and implementing methods.

Cultivate Critical Thinking Ability via Students’ Presentations in College English Classes

In the new era when demands for flexible intellectual skills are increasing,strengthening the cultivation of critical thinking ability of students has become one of the key purposes of higher education.This paper intends to discuss how to cultivate students’critical thinking ability through English classroom presentations.It points out that during the whole process,teachers’guidance plays an indispensable role.Only when both teachers and students are aware that classroom presentations are a golden opportunity for the cultivation of students’critical thinking ability and carry this awareness into their English classes,can English presentations be brought into full play.

Research on Heterogeneous Information Network Link Prediction Based on Representation Learning

A heterogeneous information network,which is composed of various types of nodes and edges,has a complex structure and rich information content,and is widely used in social networks,academic networks,e-commerce,and other fields.Link prediction,as a key task to reveal the unobserved relationships in the network,is of great significance in heterogeneous information networks.This paper reviews the application of presentation-based learning methods in link prediction of heterogeneous information networks.This paper introduces the basic concepts of heterogeneous information networks,and the theoretical basis of representation learning,and discusses the specific application of the deep learning model in node embedding learning and link prediction in detail.The effectiveness and superiority of these methods on multiple real data sets are demonstrated by experimental verification.

PRESENT密码代数故障攻击

提出了一种新的PRESENT密码故障分析方法——代数故障攻击。将代数攻击和故障攻击相结合,首先利用代数攻击方法建立密码算法等效布尔代数方程组;然后通过故障攻击手段获取错误密文信息,并将故障差分和密文差分转化为额外的布尔代数方程组;最后使用CryptoMiniSAT解析器求解方程组恢复密钥。结果表明:在PRESENT-80的第29轮注入宽度为4的故障,故障位置和值未知时,2次故障注入可在50s内恢复64bit后期白化密钥,将PRESENT-80密钥搜索空间降低为216,经1min暴力破解恢复完整主密钥;和现有PRESENT故障攻击相比,该攻击所需样本量是最小的;此外该代数故障分析方法也可为其他分组密码故障分析提供一定思路。

PRESENT密码硬件语言实现及其优化研究

PRESENT密码算法是2007年提出来的一种轻量级分组密码算法,适合于物联网环境下的安全加密.研究了PRESENT密码算法结构,在原算法结构基础上优化了密钥扩展的实现方法,把密钥扩展不在原算法图的右边实现,而是放入轮运算中.在硬件实现上,31轮重复运算只实现一次,采用31次调用完成,从而可以大幅节约PRESENT密码实现面积.最后,对PRESENT密码的各核心模块进行了Verilog HDL实现,并分模块进行了测试数据验证.经FPGA综合下载后,实验结果表明优化的PRESENT密码硬件语言实现正确,面积相对原始算法更少.

缩减轮数PRESENT算法的Biclique分析

轻量级分组密码算法PRESENT由于其出色的硬件实现性能和简洁的轮函数设计,一经提出便引起了工业界与学术界的广泛关注.文中作者基于Biclique分析方法,首次提出针对21轮PRESENT-80算法的Biclique密钥恢复攻击方法.该攻击方法需要278.9的计算复杂度和264的数据复杂度.此外,针对PRESENT-80的Biclique攻击也可推广到相同轮数的PRESENT-128和DM-PRESENT压缩函数的安全性分析.与其它已公开密码学安全性分析结果相比,作者提出的Biclique攻击在内存复杂度上具有一定的优势.

基于PRESENT算法的RFID安全认证协议

物联网中RFID技术的应用非常广泛,但是RFID系统的安全性却存在着很大隐患。在RFID系统中标签与读写器间的通信信道是最易受到攻击,传输数据的完整性与保密性得不到保障,因而需要加强RFID系统通信的安全机制。考虑到RFID系统的硬件条件与成本限制,需要建立一个适合RFID系统的安全认证协议,来解决在RFID系统中信息传输所遇到的安全问题。PRESENT算法是轻量级的分组加密算法,将PRESENT结合到RFID系统的安全认证协议中,形成了新的RFID安全认证协议PRSA(PRESENT based RFID security authentication)。此协议可以增强RFID系统的安全性而又不会占用过多的硬件资源,从而能够适用于低成本的RFID系统的通信安全。

基于汉明重的PRESENT密码代数旁路攻击

研究了分组密码代数旁路攻击原理及模型、非线性布尔方程组转化为SAT问题的方法,提出了一种基于汉明重的PRESENT密码代数旁路攻击方法,降低了求解非线性多元方程组的复杂度,减少了旁路攻击所需样本量,并通过实验对理论正确性进行了验证。结果表明,在已知明文条件下,利用一个样本前3轮的S盒输入、输出汉明重在0.63s内即可恢复80bit PRESENT完整密钥;在未知明密文和S盒输入、输出汉明重随机选取条件下,也可恢复PRESENT完整密钥。

轻量级PRESENT加密算法功耗攻击研究

PRESENT密码算法是2007年提出来的一种轻量级分组密码算法,适合于物联网环境下的安全加密。对PRESENT加密算法结构进行了深入研究,提出了其适合功耗攻击的两个最佳攻击点,详细介绍了针对PRESENT加密系统进行功耗分析攻击的设计与实现过程,实验结果表明未加防护措施的PRESENT加密系统不能抵御一阶差分功耗分析攻击,从而给PRESENT加密算法的安全改进提供一定的设计参考。

PRESENT相关功耗分析攻击研究

对PRESENT分组密码抗相关功耗分析能力进行了研究。基于汉明距离功耗模型,提出了一种针对PRES-ENT S盒的相关功耗分析方法,并通过仿真实验进行了验证。结果表明,未加防护措施的PRESENT硬件实现易遭受相关功耗分析威胁,5个样本的功耗曲线经分析即可恢复64位第一轮扩展密钥,将80位主密钥搜索空间降低到216,因此,PRESENT密码硬件实现需要对此类攻击进行防护。

基于碰撞模型的PRESENT密码代数旁路攻击

提出了一种新的分组密码通用的基于碰撞模型的分组密码代数旁路分析方法—代数功耗碰撞攻击,将代数攻击与功耗碰撞攻击结合,首先利用代数分析方法建立密码算法等效布尔代数方程组;然后通过功耗攻击手段获取密码加密过程运行时泄露的功耗信息,经分析转化为加密过程碰撞信息,并表示为关于加密中间状态变元的代数方程组;最后使用CryptoMiniSAT解析器求解方程组恢复密钥。应用该方法对在8位微控制器上实现的PRESENT密码进行了实际攻击,实验结果表明,代数攻击基础上引入额外的代数方程组,可有效降低方程组求解的复杂度;PRESENT易遭受此类代数功耗攻击的威胁,明密文已知,以4个样本全轮碰撞或8个样本部分轮碰撞信息成功获取PRESENT 80bit完整密钥。此外,文中分析方法也可为其它分组密码功耗碰撞分析提供一定思路。

PRESENTATION在ESL课堂上的应用

PRESENTATION作为第二外语教学课堂交际活动的一种形式,已经得到越来越广泛地应用。本文作者论述了PRESENTATION应用于第二外语课堂教学的理论依据,介绍了它的优势,并且谈到了教师的策划及组织工作。对于PRESENTATION的准备及内容编排也做了较为详尽的阐述。

PRESENT轻量级密码的中间相遇统计故障分析

PRESENT算法是于2007年在国际密码硬件与嵌入式系统会议提出的一种轻量级分组密码,2012年成为国际轻量级算法标准ISO/IEC-29192-2,适用于物联网中射频识别标签、网络传感器、智能卡等设备的数据保护.本文结合PRESENT密码的设计结构和实现特点,基于统计分析和中间相遇分析策略,提出了一种中间相遇统计故障分析方法,设计了皮尔逊相关系数-汉明重量、库尔贝克莱布勒散度-汉明重量区分器和杰卡德相似系数-汉明重量-极大似然估计等区分器,可以分别破译PRESENT密码全部版本的80比特和128比特原始密钥.该方法攻击轮数更深,故障数和耗时更少,有效地扩展了攻击范围,提升了攻击能力.结果表明,中间相遇统计故障分析对PRESENT密码构成了严重威胁.该研究为轻量级密码的实现安全研究提供了有价值的参考.

PRESENT的多模型差分错误分析

PRESENT密码是一种适用于传感器网络、RFID标签等小规模硬件的轻量加密算法。本文对PRESENT算法的差分错误分析方法进行研究,提出了针对PRESENT密码的四种差分错误模型,并对它们进行分析对比,从而找到针对PRESENT算法最好的差分错误分析方法。就我们收集到的现有发表著作显示,此次研究比以往PRESENT的差分错误攻击更为有效。最好结果是,在第28轮和第29轮P置换之间引入8bit随机错误,平均使用17个错误样本分析得到最后一轮64bit白化密钥。

提高高校文科课堂教学效能的实证研究——基于Presentation教学法

以Presentation为主的互动教学法的实证探索,对提高课堂教学效能的实践效果,特别是对学生挑战权威意识、批判性阅读和批判性思维学术研究能力和发现、分析、解决问题、团队合作能力的提高进行质与量的分析,说明以Presentation为主的互动教学法是提高高校文科课堂效能的有效方法,并对其教学的效能的提高提供可操作的保障性建议。