Production of titanium powder by metallothermic reduction of TiO2 in cold pressed pellets

In order to produce low-cost titanium(Ti)with high productivity,fundamental studies on producing metallic Ti from titanium dioxide(TiO2)in the cold pressed pellets were conducted by metallothermic reduction with an indirect contact method.This paper focuses on discussing the mechanism of the reduction process and the relationships of RM(a revised reduction index)with reduction temperature,reduction time,and mole ratio of TiO2 to CaCl2(nTiO2/nCaCl2)in the pellets.The results show that metallic Ti was obtained from the reduction of TiO2 in the pellets by calcium(Ca)vapor;pellets were reduced homogenously and Ca vapor diffused into the porous pellets by Knudsen diffusion or the mixing diffusion of molecular diffusion and Knudsen diffusion at 1273 K;RM increased with the increases of temperature and reduction time and was 96.34%when TRedu=1273 K,tRedu=6 h,and nTiO2/nCaCl2=4;the reasonable nTiO2/nCaCl2 value is 3−5 for the pellets with enough strength and high RM.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF PSEUDOBULBAR PARALYSIS-INDUCED DYSPHAGIA WITH OTOPOINT-PELLET-PRESSING PLUS ACUPUNCTURE

In the present paper, the therapeutic effects of otopoint pellet pressing plus body acupuncture and simple body acupuncture for dysphagia and water drinking induced coughing are compared in 126 cases of pseudobulbar paralysis who are randomly divided into treatment group (n=63) and control group (n=63). Main acupoints used are Shuigou (GV 26), Fengchi (GB 20), Lianquan (CV 23) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), while otopoints used are Xin (MA IC), Gan (MA SC 5), Pi (MA IC), Shen (MA SC), Yanhou (MA T 3) and She (MA L). Following one course of treatment (12 sessions), in treatment group, of the 63 cases, 34 (54.0%) are cured, 18 (28.5%) have remarkable improvement, 5 (8.0%) have improvement, and 6 ( 9.0%) have no apparent changes, with the tottal effective rate being 90.5%; while in control group, of the 63 cases, 18 (28.5%) are cured, 11 (17.5%) have marked amelioration, 15 ( 24.0%) experience apparent amelioration and 19 (30.0%) have no obvious changes, with a total effective rate of 70.0%. The therapeutic effect of otopoint pellet pressing plus body acupuncture is significantly superior to that of simple body acupuncture in the treatment of dysphagia and water drinking induced coughing.

COMBINED TREATMENT OF 198 CASES OF INSOMNIA WITH ACUPUNCTURE OF BODY ACUPOINTS PLUS PELLET PRESSING OF OTOPOINTS

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture of body acupoints plus otopoint pellet-pressing for treatment of insomnia. Methods: A total of 198 cases of insomnia patients were observed. Straight inserted the filiform needles into Shenmen (HT 7), Neiguan (PC 6), Zhaohai (KI 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) and manipulated the needles with uniform reinforcing-reducing method, then otopoints as Ershenmen (MA-TF 1), Shen (MA-SC), Gan (MA-SC 5), etc. were stimulated by pressing the stuck vaccaria seeds. Ten treatments were considered as a therapeutic course. Results: Of the 198 cases, 65 (32%) were cured, 76 (38%) had remarkable improvement, 53 (26%) had improvement and 4 (2%) had no effect, with the total effective rate being 97%. Conclusion: Acupuncture of body acupoints plus otopoint pellet pressing works well in treatment of insomnia.