Separation,identification,and quantification of active constituents in Fructus Psoraleae by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV,ion trap mass spectrometry,and electrochemical detection

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of active constituents in Fructus Psoraleae is presented by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with different detections.Extracts of Fructus Psoraleae were examined by HPLC with ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) and 18 major compounds of coumarins,benzofuran glycosides,flavonoids,and meroterpene were identified.The determination of four major constituents including bavachin,isobavachalcone,bavachinin,and bakuchiol was accomplished by HPLC with UV,MS,and electrochemical detection (ECD).These methods were evaluated for a number of validation characteristics (repeatability,LOD,calibration range,and recovery).ECD obtained a high sensitivity for analysis of the four components;MS provided a high selectivity and sensitivity for determination of bavachin,isobavachalcone,and bavachinin in negative-ion mode.After optimization of the methods,separation,identification.and quantification of the four components in Fructus Psoraleae were comprehensively tested by HPLC with UV,MS,and ECD.

Chiral separation of bavachinin in Fructus Psoraleae and rat plasma by liquid chromatography using permethylated-b-CD as a chiral selector

A simple, sensitive and selective method of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） has been successfully developed for separation of bavachinin enantiomers in Fructus Psoraleae and rat plasma. The separation and detection conditions of HPLC were optimized. Chiral bavachinin were separated with the mobile phase of methanol and water （70：30, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The linear ranges were in the range of 20-1000 μg/mL. The detection limits were tested as 4 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL for （＋）-bavachinin and （-）-bavachinin, respectively. The method has been applied to analyze chiral bavachinin in rat plasma. HPLC-MS method was used to test the accuracy.

EFFECTS OF BU GU ZHI(PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA L) AND BAI ZHI(DAHURIAN ANGELICA ROOT) EXTRACTS ON MELANOCYTE ADHESION AND MIGRATION

Objective To find direct effect of Chinese herbs Bu Gu Zhi (Psoralea corylifolia L) and Bai Zhi (Dahurian angelica root) Extracts on melanocyte adhesion and migration in vitro. Methods Ethanol extracts obtained from two kind of Chinese medicinable herbs were tested. Human melanocytes were obtained from neonatal foreskins and 48-well culture dish covered with fibronectin were used to perform melanocyte adhesion assay; Motility was assessed using the micropore filter method. Results: The extracts of Bu Gu Zhi(Psoralea corylifolia L), Bai Zhi(Dahurian angelica root) obviously showed an effect in increasing of human melanocyte adhesion and migration on fibronectin. Conclusion It is suggested that Buguzhi(Fructus Psoraleae) and Baizhi(Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) might induce melanocyte adhesion and/or migration in the treatment of vitiligo.

Effect of Fructus Psoraleae on motility of gallbladder isolated smooth muscle strips from guinea pigs

AIM： To observe the effect of Fructus Psoraleae on motility of isolated gallbladder muscle strips of guinea pigs and its mechanism. METHODS： Guinea pigs were hit to lose consciousness and the whole gallbladder was removed quickly. Two or three smooth muscle strips （8 mm×3mm） were cut along a longitudinal direction. The mucosa was gently removed. Every longitudinal muscle strip was suspended in a tissue chamber which was continuously perfused with 5 mL Krebs solution （37℃）, pH 7.4, and aerated with 950 mL/L 02 and 50 mL/L CO2. The isometric response was recorded with an ink-writing recorder. After 2 h equilibration under i g-load, 50 μL Fructus Psoraleae （10, 20, 70, 200, 700, 1000 g/L） was added cumulatively into the tissue chamber in turn every 2 rain to observe their effects on gallbladder muscle strips （cumulating final concentration of Fructus Psoraleae was 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 20.0 g/L）. The antagonists, including 4-DAMP, benzhydramine, hexamethonium, phentolamine, verapamil and idomethine were given 2 min before Fructus Psoraleae respectively to investigate the mechanisms involved. RESULTS： Fructus Psoraleae dose-dependently increased the resting tension （r=0.992, P〈0.001）, decreased the mean contractile amplitude （r=0.970, P〈0.001） and meanwhile increased the contractile frequency of the gallbladder muscle strip in vitro （r=0.965, P〈0.001）. The exciting action of Fructus Psoraleae on the resting tension could be partially blocked by 4-DAMP （the resting tension decreased from 1.37 ± 0.41 to 0.70 ± 0.35, P〈0.001）, benzhydramine （from 1.37 ±0.41 to 0.45±0.38, P〈0.001）, hexamethonium （from 1.37 ± 0.41 to 0.94 ± 0.23, P〈0.05）, phentolamine （ from 1.37±0.41 to 0.89±0.22, P〈0.01） and verapamil （from 1.37±0.41 to 0.94±0.26, P〈0.05）. But the above antagonists had no significant effect on the action of Fructus Psoraleae-induced mean contractile amplitude （P〉0.05）. Moreover, the increase of the contractile frequency due to Fructus Psoraleae was inhibited by 4-DAMP （decreased from 8.3 ± 1.2 to 6.8 ± 0.5, P 〈 0.01） and hexamethonium （from 8.3 ±1.2 to 7.0 ± 0.9, P 〈 0.05）. Idomethine had no significant effect on the Fructus Psoraleae- induced responses （P〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Fructus Psoraleae enhances the motility of isolated gallbladder muscle strips from guinea pigs, in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of Fructus Psoraleae is partly related to M3, N receptor, α receptor, H1 receptor, Ca^2＋ channel, but not related to prostaglandin.

Eucommia and fructus psoraleae promote the proliferation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro: an experimental study

Objective:To study the effect of eucommia and fructus psoraleae treatment on the proliferation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro.Method:1-day-old SD rats were taken, the osteoblasts in exposed bone were separated, cultured and divided into 4 groups, group A were treated with DMEM without drugs or serum, group B were treated with serum-free DMEM containing eucommia with final concentration 10 μg/L, group C were treated with serum-free DMEM containing fructus psoraleae with final concentration 10 μmol/L, and group D were treated with serum-free DMEM containing eucommia with final concentration 10 μg/L and fructus psoraleae with final concentration 10 μmol/L. 24 h after treatment, the mRNA expression of apoptosis genes and proliferation genes in cells were detected.Results: Bax, Fas, FasL and HSG mRNA expression in group B, group C and group D were significantly lower than those in group A while c-fos, c-jun, CyclinD1, Egr-1 and NDRG1 mRNA expression were significantly higher than those in group A;Bax, Fas, FasL and HSG mRNA expression in group D were significantly lower than those in group B and group C, and c-fos, c-jun, CyclinD1, Egr-1 and NDRG1 mRNA expression were significantly higher than those in group B and group C.Conclusion: Both eucommia and fructus psoraleae can promote the osteoblast proliferation, and the combination of the two drugs has synergistic effect.

A systematic review on the safety of Psoraleae Fructus:potential risks,toxic characteristics,underlying mechanisms and detoxification methods

Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is an important traditional herbal medicine with a long history of clinical application.It is widely used to treat various diseases,such as osteoporosis,leucoderma and diarrhea.As a traditional nontoxic herb,it has aroused worldwide concern about the potential risks due to increasing adverse reaction events.This article reviews the botany,ancient records of medical uses,adverse reactions,toxicological research advance and detoxification methods of PF.According to clinical studies,liver injury is the most predominant in PF-related adverse reactions.The underlying mechanisms include bile acid metabolism and transport disorders,oxidative stress,mitochondrial damage,inhibition of liver cell regeneration and inflammatory reactions.Furthermore,the potential toxins of PF are summarized.Traditional methods of processing and compatibility will provide reference for reducing the toxicity of PF,which requires further research.In sum,this work systematically summarizes the reserach progress on the safety of PF,which will provide comprehensive insights into the toxicity of PF and facilitate its safe use and future development.

补骨脂肝毒性及配伍减毒机制研究进展

补骨脂是豆科补骨脂属植物补骨脂(Psoralea corylifolia Linn.)的干燥成熟果实,有补肾壮阳、固精缩尿、纳气平喘、温脾止泻、消风祛斑的作用。但不当的应用会造成一定不良反应,其中肝毒性是最主要的毒性反应之一。补骨脂的化学成分十分复杂,其中包括补骨脂素、异补骨脂素以及补骨脂酚等多种化合物,这些化合物不仅是有效成分,同时也是导致肝脏损伤的主要原因,其毒性机制与胆汁淤积、内质网应激、氧化应激、线粒体损伤、诱发肝脏脂变、破坏脂质代谢稳态等有关。配伍减毒为中药学中常用的降低药物毒性的方法,研究发现补骨脂与其他中药如五味子、肉豆蔻、黄芪、何首乌、赤芍、甘草、杜仲配伍能通过抗氧化、缓解内质网应激、降低毒性成分体内暴露量、抑制炎症反应、减慢毒性代谢产物的产生等方式有效降低肝毒性。文章综述了补骨脂肝毒性及其配伍减毒有关机制的最新研究进展,为进一步开发补骨脂及其临床安全用药提供借鉴。

New incompatible pair of TCM:Epimedii Folium combined with Psoraleae Fructus induces idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity under immunological stress conditions

Epimedii Folium(EF)combined with Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is a common modern preparation,but liver injury caused by Chinese patent medicine preparations containing EF and PF has been frequently reported in recent years.Zhuangguguanjiewan pills(ZGW),which contain EF and PF,could induce immune idiosyncratic liver injury according to clinical case reports and a nonhepatotoxic dose of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)model.This present study evaluated the liver injury induced by EF or PF alone or in combination and investigated the related mechanism by using the LPS model.Liver function indexes and pathological results showed that either EF or PF alone or in combination led to liver injury in normal rats;however,EF or PF alone could lead to liver injury in LPS-treated rats.Moreover,EF combined with PF could induce a greater degree of injury than that caused by EF or PF alone in LPS-treated rats.Furthermore,EF or PF alone or in combination enhanced the LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokine production,implying that IL-1β,which is processed and released by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome,is a specific indicator of EF-induced immune idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.Thus,EF may induce liver injury through enhancing the LPS-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.In addition,the metabolomics analysis results showed that PF affected more metabolites in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolic pathways compared with EF in LPS model,suggesting that PF increased the responsiveness of the liver to LPS or other inflammatory mediators via modulation of multiple metabolic pathways.Therefore,EF and PF combination indicates traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility,considering that it induces idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity under immunological stress conditions.

Quantitative proteomics analysis of Fructus Psoraleae-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Fructus Psoraleae,which is commonly consumed for the treatment of osteoporosis,bone fracture,and leucoderma,induces liver injury.This study investigated the pathogenesis of the ethanol extract of Fructus Psoraleae(EEFP)-induced liver injury in rats.EEFP(1.35,1.80,and 2.25 g·kg^–1)was administrated to Sprague Dawley(SD)rats for 30 d.We measured liver chemistries,histopathology,and quantitative isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)-based protein profiling.EEFP demonstrated parameters suggestive of liver injury with changes in bile secretion,bile flow rate,and liver histopathology.iTRAQ analysis showed that a total of 4042 proteins were expressed in liver tissues of EEFP-treated and untreated rats.Among these proteins,81 were upregulated and 32 were downregulated in the treatment group.KEGG pathway analysis showed that the drug metabolic pathways of cytochrome P450,glutathione metabolism,glycerolipid metabolism,and bile secretion were enriched with differentially expressed proteins.The expression of key proteins related to the farnesoid X receptor(FXR),i.e.,the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha(PPAR-α),were downregulated,and multidrug resistance-associated protein 3(MRP3)was upregulated in the EEFP-treated rats.Our results provide evidence that EEFP may induce hepatotoxicity through various pathways.Furthermore,our study demonstrates changes in protein regulation using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics analysis.

Interactions of drug-metabolizing enzymes with the Chinese herb Psoraleae Fructus

Psoraleae Fructus(the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs in Asian countries, has a variety of biological activities. In clinical settings, Psoraleae Fructus or Psoraleae Fructus-related herbal medicines frequently have been used in combination with a number of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various human diseases, such as leukoderma, rheumatism and dysentery. The use of Psoraleae Fructus in combination with drugs has aroused concern of the potential risks of herb-drug interactions(HDI) or herb-endobiotic interactions(HEI). This article reviews the interactions between human drug-metabolizing enzymes and the constituents of Psoraleae Fructus;the major constituents in Psoraleae Fructus, along with their chemical structures and metabolic pathways are summarized, and the inhibitory and inductive effects of the constituents in Psoraleae Fructus on human drug-metabolizing enzymes(DMEs), including target enzyme(s), its modulatory potency, and mechanisms of action are presented. Collectively, this review summarizes current knowledge of the interactions between the Chinese herb Psoraleae Fructus and therapeutic drugs in an effort to facilitate its rational use in clinical settings, and especially to avoid the potential risks of HDI or HEI through human DMEs.

Landscape of Hepatobiliary Adverse Drug Reactions Related to Preparations Containing Psoraleae Fructus and Its Application in Pharmacovigilance

Objective To analyze clinical feature and information of medication to explore the risk signals of preparations containing Psoraleae Fructus(BGZP)related with hepatobiliary adverse drug reactions(ADR),in order to reinforce pharmacovigilance.Methods A retrospective study was conducted based on hepatobiliary ADR related with BGZP from the China Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System in years from January 2012 to December 2016.Serious and general ADRs were analyzed and assessed.Results There were 355 cases of hepatobiliary ADR related to BGZP.Both the amount of cases and the proportion of serious ADR showed an increasing growth by years(P<0.05).It was found that 10.43%of 355 cases may be involved with irrational drug use,including overdose,repeated medication,and combination of multiple drugs.There were 190 cases which used BGZP(non-combination),and they were mainly for common in diseases caused by abnormal immune activation(accounting for 40.53%of the total cases).Especially at the age group with the most cases with age of 41–50 years,the cases associated with immunological diseases of female were obviously more than that of male(P<0.05).The latency of hepatobiliary ADR related to BGZP ranged from 1 to 386 days,and the median latency was 27.5 days,along with the range of cumulative dose(0.45–520.02 g)as well as the daily dose(0.09–2.64 g/d)after the conversion.Conclusions Cases of hepatobiliary ADR related to BGZP showed significant individual differences,and there was no correlation between drug usage duration and dosage and the occurrence of hepatobiliary ADR.It may be similar with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury,and recommended that BGZP should be used with more caution under monitoring liver function,especially in female patients with immunological diseases.

Pancreatic lipase inhibitory constituents from Fructus Psoraleae

Pancreatic lipase(PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibition activities of the major constituents from Fructus Psoraleae(FP), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs with lipid-lowering activity. To this end, a total of eleven major constituents isolated from Fructus Psoraleae have been obtained and their inhibition potentials against PL have been assayed by a fluorescence-based assay. Among all tested compounds, isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A displayed strong inhibition on PL(IC50 < 10 μmol·L-1). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A acted as mixed inhibitors against PL-mediated 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate(4-MUO) hydrolysis, with the Ki values of 1.61, 3.77 and 10.16μmol·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, docking simulations indicated that two chalcones(isobavachalcone and bavachalcone) could interact with the key residues located in the catalytic cavity of PL via hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, these finding provided solid evidence to support that Fructus Psoraleae contained bioactive compounds with lipid-lowering effects via targeting PL, and also suggested that the chalcones in Fructus Psoraleae could be used as ideal leading compounds to develop novel PL inhibitors.

Quality Evaluation and Regional Analysis of Psoraleae Fructus by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS plus Chemometrics

Objective To evaluate the quality of Psoralea corylifolia collected from 12 provinces of China. Methods An HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method was used to identify, determine, and estimate 14 representative bioactive compounds in P. corylifolia. Then on the basis of the content data, the chemometrics method was used to differentiate 20 samples from different regions. Results The quality of P. corylifolia from 12 different provinces of China was evaluated by this method. Though the samples showed similar profiles, content of the detected markers varied significantly in different regions and batches. According to the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis and principle component analysis, it can be concluded that the samples from different origins could be clustered reasonably into two groups, as well as successfully distinguished. Conclusion A simple and reliable new method which used HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and chemometrics has been developed to characterize, classify, and control the quality of P. corylifolia.

Pharmacokinetic study about compatibility of Eucommia ulmoides and Psoralea corylifolia

Objective:The compatibility of Eucommia ulmoides(Eu)and Psoralea corylifolia(Pc)on the pharmacokinetic(PK)properties in the rat was explored in this study.Methods:Eu extract,Pc extract and the combined extracts(crude drug ratio was 2:1)was administered by gavage,respectively.Two PK experiments were conducted.In first one,the blood samples were collected via the occuli chorioideae vein to get the PK properties of the components.In second one,the blood samples were simultaneously collected via the internal jugular vein or portal vein at different time points and the concentrations of target ingredients were detected by LC/MS/MS to clear the location where the interaction of Eu and Pc took place in vivo.Results:Eight of 11 ingredients in Eu and Pc extract were determined in rat plasma.The exposure levels of geniposidic acid(GPA),aucubin(AU),geniposide(GP),pinoresinol diglucoside(PDG),psoralen glycosides(PLG)and isopsoralen glycosides(IPLG)were decreased 1/5–2/3 after administration of combined extracts.Comparing to the combined administration,the exposure of GPA and AU in plasma of single Eu administration collected via the portal vein were decreased 1/3–2/3,and the values of AUC0-24h and AUC0-∞ of GP collected from the portal vein or internal jugular vein were double increased.The other components’parameters were not significantly changed.Conclusion:In summary,the Pc and Eu combined administration could affect the exposure of the main components of Eu extract in rats due to the changed intestinal absorption.The research on the compatibility of Pc and Eu was helpful to guide the clinical administration of Eu and Pc simultaneously.

Improved extraction efficiency of bakuchiol with antioxidant and whitening bioactivities from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L.

Background:Mining new whitening ingredients from plants is an effective way to develop new cosmetic products.Bakuchiol,as one of the main active ingredients from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L,displays whitening,antioxidant,antiaging,and free radical-scavenging activities and attracts wide attention especially in the cosmetics industry.However,environmentally friendly extraction technologies with high efficiency and high product purity remain to be developed for the scale production of bakuchiol.Objective:In this study,a new approach(acetic acid–steaming–assisted technique)was developed to improve the extraction efficiency of bakuchiol.Methods:The factors influencing the extraction efficiency of bakuchiol,including seed powder granularity,acetic acid volume,temperature,and time,were optimized based on single-factor experiments.Results:The extraction conditions were optimized as steaming the seed powder(100 g)of 40–100meshes with acetic acid(50 mL)for 10 minutes,from which a crude extract(25.1 g)containing bakuchiol was obtained.High purity(99.1)of bakuchiol(6.02 g)was then prepared by silica gel column chromatography in a one-step process.The method established in this study had higher extraction rate than other methods.The antioxidant potential of bakuchiol was evaluated based on the ABTS free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power.Furthermore,bakuchiol demonstrated stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the positive control(arbutin).Conclusions:Compared with the available methods,the method established in this study has increased extraction rate of bakuchiol and is environmentally friendly and economical,demonstrating the potential for industrial production.

补骨脂化学成分研究进展

补骨脂是豆科植物Psoralea corylifolia L.的干燥成熟果实,作为一种传统的中药,其在我国已有几千年的临床应用历史,广泛地用于心血管疾病、肾炎、骨质疏松和癌症等的治疗。植物化学研究显示,香豆素类、杂萜类和黄酮类是其主要化学成分。对补骨脂化学成分研究进行系统梳理,以期为临床更安全、有效地使用补骨脂和研究补骨脂现代中药提供理论依据。

补骨脂提取物对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢水平的影响

目的探讨补骨脂提取物对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢指标的影响。方法将60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、补骨脂提取物组和西药组,每组15只。除对照组外,各组通过切除大鼠两侧卵巢组织进行造模,对照组大鼠仅暴露卵巢而不行切除术。造模成功后,补骨脂提取物组给予补骨脂素(88 mg/kg)灌胃,西药组给予阿仑膦酸钠(7 mg/kg)灌胃,对照组和模型组则灌胃等体积生理盐水;连续12周。采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测各组大鼠血清骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(bone-specific alkaline phosphatase,BAP)、Ⅰ型胶原交联C-末端肽(C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,CTX)水平;采用RT-PCR法检测大鼠股骨和胫骨骨髓中Wnt3a和β-catenin的mRNA表达;采用双能X线骨密度仪检测大鼠腰椎和股骨的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清CTX水平显著升高(P<0.05),OCN、BAP含量明显降低(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,各用药组大鼠血清CTX水平显著降低(P均<0.05),OCN、BAP含量明显升高(P均<0.05),但各用药组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组大鼠股骨和胫骨骨髓中Wnt3a、β-catenin的mRNA表达明显降低(P均<0.05),第4腰椎及左、右股骨BMD明显降低(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,各用药组大鼠股骨和胫骨骨髓中Wnt3a、β-catenin的mRNA表达水平,第4腰椎及左、右股骨BMD均升高(P均<0.05),但各用药组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论补骨脂提取物能提高去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度,改善骨代谢指标,其作用可能与活化Wnt/β-catenin有关。

基于七情配伍理论的补骨脂药对配伍规律研究进展

目的 基于中药七情配伍理论归纳补骨脂药对配伍规律,为补骨脂临床合理应用提供依据。方法 通过古籍与现代文献检索与分析,从相须相使、协同增效、相畏相杀、减毒降副,配伍禁忌三方面总结补骨脂配伍规律。结果 基于七情配伍理论探析补骨脂药对的配伍规律,补骨脂常用相须相使药对为肉豆蔻、蛇床子、小茴香、益智仁、肉桂、吴茱萸、巴戟天、杜仲、骨碎补、仙茅,常用相畏相杀药对为胡桃仁、生地黄、五味子、赤芍,相恶、相反禁忌药对有甘草、淫羊藿。结论 总结了常与补骨脂配伍的药对,为临床遣方用药提供思路。

补骨脂种子提取物对茶饼病菌的抑菌活性

探讨补骨脂(Psoralea corylifolia L.)种子提取物对茶饼病菌(Exobasidium vexans Massee)的抑菌活性及田间防治效果。采用孢子萌发抑制率法和菌丝生长速率法测定补骨脂种子提取物的抑菌活性,按照农药田间药效试验准则在5省5地进行茶饼病田间试验。室内抑菌活性试验结果表明,补骨脂种子提取物对茶饼病菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率随着药剂浓度的增加而增加,其EC50分别为12.925 mg/L和6.074 mg/L。田间试验结果表明,当补骨脂种子提取物微乳剂有效成分用量为2.00~2.67 mg/kg时,其对茶饼病的防治效果为68.08%~83.78%,其防治效果相当或优于对照药剂3%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂。

中药补骨脂本草考证

本文以时间为主线,梳理历代本草著作及相关医学著作,并结合现代中药学文献,考证补骨脂的名称、基原、产地、采收时间、药材性状和炮制方法,以厘清补骨脂的药用历史。补骨脂早在唐朝已流传入我国,结合各时期本草图文对比,古今补骨脂基原相同,为豆科植物补骨脂Psoralea corylifolia L.的干燥成熟果实。古时主要“自外藩随海舶而来”,我国东南沿海一带亦有分布,现今缅甸进口补骨脂仍为主要市场商品来源。古今记载补骨脂的采收时间和药材性状特征描述基本一致,在农历九月果实成熟时采收,但不同时期本草对药材表面颜色描述有所不同,由初期红色、绿色至北宋黑色,明清时期以“色黑者良”,这与现代文献记载黑色成熟种子中有效成分累积量和产量均较高的研究结果相符。历史上补骨脂的炮制加工方法有蒸、炒、炙及复制法等,目前以盐炙为主,引药入肾,以增强其温肾助阳、纳气、止泻的功效。通过以上对补骨脂的本草考证,为确保补骨脂临床使用的安全性和有效性、规范市场流通和统一使用奠定理论基础。