The Influence of Significant Public Health Events on Offline Consumption and Its Pathways

In the face of a significant public health event,consumers may either increase their panic buying or decrease their willingness to make purchases.This study focuses on the impact of a significant public health event on offline store sales and consumer consumption,utilizing data from chain convenience stores in Hefei and Wuhu during early 2019 and early 2020 in China.Employing a difference-in-differences model,the study investigates the effect of the significant public health event outbreak on weekly store sales,order numbers,and consumer consumption in terms of product quantities,transaction amount,average amount per order,and transaction frequency.Different from prior literature that finds hoarding behavior of consumers online,the findings of this paper indicate a significant reduction in stores’offline weekly sales and order numbers,as well as consumers’offline weekly consumption across the four dimensions,as a result of the significant public health event outbreak.Additionally,employing a mediation model,the study explores the pathway of population mobility through which the significant public health event adversely affects offline consumption.Furthermore,subset analysis is conducted for stores located in different areas and consumers with varying characteristics,revealing that the aforementioned conclusions predominantly apply to stores situated in office areas and residential areas,as well as consumers with either no apparent preference for different product categories or a noticeable preference for food.

Dynamic analysis of major public health emergency transmission considering the dual-layer coupling of community–resident complex networks

We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.

A study on predicting crisis information dissemination in epidemic-level public health events

Crisis information dissemination plays a key role in the development of emergency responses to epidemic-level public health events.Therefore,clarifying the causes of crisis information dissemination and making accurate predictions to effectively control such situations have attracted extensive attention.Based on media richness theory and persuasion theory,this study constructs an index system of crisis information dissemination impact factors from two aspects:the crisis information publisher and the published crisis information content.A multi-layer perceptron is used to analyze the weight of the index system,and the prediction is transformed into a pattern classification problem to test crisis information dissemination.In this study,COVID-19 is considered a representative event.An experiment is conducted to predict the crisis information dissemination of COVID-19 in two megacities.Data related to COVID-19 from these two megacities are acquired from the well-known Chinese social media platform Weibo.The experimental results show that not only the identity but also the social influence of the information publisher has a significant impact on crisis information dissemination in epidemic-level public health events.Furthermore,the proposed model achieves more than 95%test accuracy,precision rate,recall value and f1-score in the prediction task.The study provides decision-making support for government departments and a guide for correctly disseminating crisis information and public opinion during future epidemic-level public health events.

REDISSE in Benin and Lessons Learned for the Management of Public Health Emergencies after Five Years of Implementation

Introduction: Benin was embarked on phase 3 of the REDISSE Benin project (Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement) which began in 2018. The objectives were in five key components namely, Surveillance and health information;Laboratory capacity building;Emergency preparedness and response;Human resources management for effective disease surveillance and epidemic preparedness;and Institutional Capacity Building, Project Management, Coordination and Advocacy. After five years of implementation, this study aimed at the documentation of lessons learned and best practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Apart from individual semi-structured interviews, a thematic workshops bringing together the project’s main stakeholders recruited on an exhaustive way by component to identify and validate lessons learned, good practices and propose improvement mechanisms to be taken into account by the sector. Criteria were set up and used to validate best practices and lessons learned. Results: A total 54 (Surveillance workshop), 47 (Preparedness & response workshop), 53 (Human Resources workshop), 26 (Laboratories workshop) participated to the thematic workshops, and five interviews. The good practices (33: 9 for animal health, 7 for human health and 17 crosscutting) and lessons learned (10: 3 for animal health and 7 for human health) have been identified and have been the subject, depending on the case, of proposals for improvement or conditions necessary for their maintenance. Discussion: The richness of a project lies not only in the immediate achievement of its results, but also and above all, in its usefulness for similar interventions, whether in the local, regional, national or international context. It is in this context that the REDISSE project has set out to make public the various lessons learned and best practices from the implementation of its activities over a period of some five consecutive years.

Analysis of CDC’s Role in Public Health Emergencies

Objective:To explore the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)in public health emergencies.Methods:The details of 12 public health events that occurred between January 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed to explore the roles of the CDC.Results:There were 160 patients involved in 10 public health events in 2021 and 48 patients involved in 2 public health events in 2022.Besides,the proportion of school public health events in 2022 was 0%,which was lower than in 2021,which was 80%(P<0.05).99.38%of patients during public health events were sent to the hospital promptly in 2022,which was higher than that in 2021,which was 81.25%(P<0.05).Furthermore,the average time taken for the CDC to control public health events in 2022 was 20.11±1.62 hours,and the average time taken to send inspection reports was shorter than that in 2021.The public satisfaction score was also higher in 2022 compared to 2021(P<0.05).Conclusion:The role of the CDC is to control infectious diseases.Therefore,it is important to pinpoint the existing problems in the strategies implemented by the CDC so that more improvements can be made to better prevent infectious diseases.

护理人员应对突发公共卫生事件心理健康状况影响因素分析

目的调查临床一线护士应对突发公共卫生事件心理健康状况及其影响因素,为提升护士心理健康提供理论依据。方法于2020年2月采用便利抽样法选取某市四所医院中(包括所有定点医院及三级综合医院)工作在发热门诊及隔离病房的192名一线护士作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、一般心理健康状况问卷(GHQ-12)、护士职业获益感量表进行调查。结果本次调查中有51.04%(98/192)的一线护士GHQ-12得分≥3分,疑似有心理健康问题。护士职业获益感得分为(44.25±9.90)分。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:工作时长、有类似灾害救护经历、护士职业获益感是一线护士心理健康状况的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论突发公共卫生事件期间,临床一线护士心理健康问题较为普遍,提高护士职业获益感有利于减少心理问题,管理者需要针对主要影响因素进行干预,改善此类人群心理健康状况。

旅游者风险感知对目的地信任影响研究——政府信任的中介作用

旅游者风险感知与信任密切相关,各种风险所带来的不确定性会改变社会互动并造成信任危机,而旅游者目的地信任是影响旅游者满意度与忠诚度的重要因素。以安东尼·吉登斯关于风险感知和信任的论述为理论依据建立分析框架,通过网络问卷对326名风险经历者进行调查,并以政府信任为中介变量,以风险沟通、应急处置为调节变量,重点探讨了公共卫生事件情境下旅游者风险感知对其目的地信任的作用机制与效应。结果显示:风险感知对旅游者政府信任具有显著负向影响,而风险感知对旅游者目的地信任无显著影响;政府信任对旅游者目的地信任具有显著正向影响;风险沟通在风险感知与政府信任中不存在调节作用,应急处置在风险感知与政府信任中存在调节作用。

医联体内护士传染病相关应急能力现状及影响因素调查

目的探讨医联体内护士传染病突发公共卫生事件应急能力的现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法,选取2022年1月—2023年1月404名医联体内护士进行问卷调查分析。统计404名不同特征护士应急能力得分、应急能力得分较低和较高的条目、应急能力得分情况,采用logistic多元分层回归分析医联体内护士传染病突发公共卫生事件应急能力得分的影响因素。结果一级指标准备得分最高的项目为“救援能力”(126.67±10.89)分,得分最低的项目为“风险沟通能力”(3.02±0.77)分;二级指标得分最高项目为“预防能力评分”(13.67±1.07)分,得分最低的项目是“应急演练评分”(3.43±0.78)分。三级医院、男性、年龄>39岁、临床经验>14年、硕士、有救援工作经验、有突发事件应急救援经验、过去5年参加过新发传染病事件应急演练、过去5年参加过常见传染病或新发传染病培训的护士应急能力得分高于一二级医院、女性、年龄<31岁和31~39岁、临床经验<6年和6~14年、本科和专科、无救援工作经验、无突发事件应急救援经验、过去5年未参加过新发传染病事件应急演练、过去5年未参加过常见传染病或新发传染病培训的护士,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别、年龄、学历、医院级别、临床经验、突发事件应急救援经验、过去5年参加新发传染病事件应急演练、过去5年参加常见传染病或新发传染病培训均为应急能力的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论医联体内护士应急能力评分处于中等水平。护理管理人员应选择适当的方法对医联体内护士进行传染病突发事件应急能力的演练和培训,以提高其应急能力。

Business Process Analysis and Simulation: The Contact Center of a Public Health and Social Information Office

This article proposes a framework, called BP-M* which includes: 1) a methodology to analyze, engineer, restructure and implement business processes, and 2) a process model that extends the process diagram with the specification of resources that execute the process activities, allocation policies, schedules, times of activities, management of queues in input to the activities and workloads so that the same model can be simulated by a discrete event simulator. The BP-M* framework has been applied to a real case study, a public Contact Center which provides different typologies of answers to users’ requests. The simulation allows to study different system operating scenarios (“What-If” analysis) providing useful information for analysts to evaluate restructuring actions.

信息框架和媒介信任对公共卫生事件信息分享的影响机制研究——基于眼动追踪技术

[研究目的]媒介通过构建不同的信息框架来影响用户对公共卫生事件的认知和行为决策,同时用户也会基于对不同媒介的信任而有意识地选择和传播事件信息。探究用户的信息认知加工机制和信息分享行为影响机制,对于精准进行舆情引导和提升应急管理能力具有重要意义。[研究方法]依据框架理论,利用眼动追踪技术,设计2信息框架(正性vs.负性)×2媒介信任(高vs.低)的混合实验,揭示用户对媒介信息的视觉加工过程及信息分享行为的深层动机。[研究结论]相较于负性信息框架,用户在正性框架下投入更多的认知努力并更倾向于进行信息分享;无论信息框架为正性或负性,用户更倾向于关注和分享信任度高的媒介发布的信息。用户在高媒介信任水平下对媒介的关注存在差异,而在低媒介信任水平下对信息内容的注意分配存在差异,且两种信任水平下用户对正性信息框架的认知分配均多于负性信息框架。

时空大数据在突发公共卫生事件应急指挥中的应用与挑战

时空是人类生存和发展一切活动的基础,时空大数据是同时具有时间和空间维度的、与地理位置有关的大数据,是突发公共卫生事件应急指挥与控制的重要支撑。针对我国在新冠肺炎疫情应急响应中出现的各种问题,总结时空大数据在新冠肺炎疫情应急响应中的应用。在此基础上分析我国突发公共卫生事件应急指挥系统存在的问题、时空大数据在突发公共卫生事件应急指挥中面临的挑战。提出面向突发公共卫生事件的时空大数据应急指挥技术框架,以期深化时空大数据在突发公共卫生事件领域的应用。

重大公共卫生事件驱动下国外城市公园绿地需求变化启示

根据多个国家和地区调查研究结果,在以全球性新冠疫情大流行为标志的突发公共卫生事件冲击下,国内外学者普遍认识到城市公园绿地的使用需求向“生活必需品”方向转化的客观事实;同时还发现,具有出色服务模式、社区凝聚力以及健康作用和公平可达等优势的城市公园绿地在新冠疫情期间呈现出城市“重要生命线”的独特属性。在此基础上,总结出以上新价值的认识对未来城市公园绿地规划设计产生的影响:1)服务向下游覆盖,关注点从使用权向邻近性转移,公园绿地供给和分配的公平性要求凸显;2)注重人均面积向关注可获得性转变,尤其是作为健康服务功能和生活必备资源的可获得性及可达性受到重视;3)重视公园绿地的社会性作用,其社会韧性和协同作用在重大突发公共卫生事件中受到广泛关注。最后,针对我国未来城市公园绿地建设提出几点启示,即以社区为单位完善城市公园绿地体系、注重增强独立社区内部公园绿地空间的开放与融合性、注重发掘并弘扬我国人居空间环境的社会协同性作用。

公共卫生事件中谣言形成机理与应对策略研究

公共卫生事件发生发展过程中,谣言肆意传播的现象时有发生,特别是在全媒体时代,这种情况愈发严重。谣言危害性极大,其对公众认知与行为、社会情绪的负面影响会对公共卫生事件处置和社会稳定带来严重不良后果。因此,探讨公共卫生事件中谣言形成机理和传播特征,有效应对并降低其危害性,已成为当前公共管理领域的重要任务。本文首先对公共卫生事件中谣言的形成机理进行分析,根据谣言的传播特征建立基于系统动力学的仿真模型,并在Vensim仿真平台进行仿真实验研究,总结提出更具科学性和可靠性的公共卫生事件谣言应对策略。

安徽省医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急药品供应保障现状分析

目的 通过深入探析安徽省医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急药品供应保障现状,分析应急药品在不同医疗机构的可获得性及短缺障碍因素,为完善我国应急药品供应保障体系建设提供思路。方法 2022年9―11月运用文献研究法、问卷法等,向安徽省171家医疗机构进行调查,实际回收150份问卷,除无效问卷及废卷,共139家医疗机构纳入研究。参考安徽省药学会药物经济学专委会委员所在医疗机构的级别比例,其中三级医疗机构73家,二级医疗机构53家,一级医疗机构13家。比较该省不同等级的医疗机构应急药品准备能力的差异,从解决实际问题的角度完善应急药品供应保障体系的建设。结果 调研显示,在应急药品准备能力的三个方面,该省各级医疗机构总体上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),医疗机构等级越高,应急药品准备能力越强,二级与一级医疗机构之间差距很小。该省应急药品短缺障碍因素总体上差异无统计学意义,但对各级医疗机构来说,其中有7个应急药品短缺障碍因素差异有统计学意义,它们分别是药品价格偏低、原材料短缺、药品市场需求量小、企业不愿意生产、药品生产质量管理规范认证改造或未通过认证、药品生产企业数量少、存在可替代的高价新药、利润过低导致经营企业不愿意经营药品。结论 突发公共卫生事件下,该省医疗机构应急药品供应保障形势仍很严峻,各等级医疗机构之间有差距,三级医疗机构应急药品准备能力最强。努力提升基层医疗机构的应急药品准备能力,克服应急药品短缺的障碍因素,能辅助健全该省医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急药品供应保障体系。

护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的研究进展

介绍护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的内涵及现状,其主要能力有临床实践能力、学习与教育能力、心理抗压能力;总结影响护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的主要因素,包括个人因素(如性别、年龄、学历、参与培训的个人意愿等)、工作因素(如工作满意度、工作年限、职业角色、是否参加培训演练、是否具备相关救援经历等)及组织因素(如医院级别和组织支持等);采用的评估工具有葛森医院安全氛围量表、护士重大传染病疫情应急能力调查问卷等。提出提升护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力的相关策略,以期为提升护理人员传染病突发事件防控能力提供参考。

重大公共卫生事件下西安市采供血情况纵向对比分析及启发

目的探讨重大公共卫生事件下西安市采供血情况。方法采用回顾性资料分析法,比较2020年1月25日至2月28日、2021年12月23日至2022年1月24日、2022年3月6日至3月28日西安市突发三轮公共卫生事件期间悬浮红细胞和血小板的采供量、血液调配情况和献血者人口学特征。结果2020年1月第1轮事件期间悬浮红细胞日库存一度跌至接近0;2022年3月第3轮事件期间悬浮红细胞日出库不断升高。三轮事件期间血小板日库存与日出库量均呈现较大波动。第1轮与第3轮事件期间悬浮红细胞供应主要靠本单位采集,而第2轮事件期间悬浮红细胞供应则主要依靠血液调配;三轮事件期间血小板供应主要依靠本单位采集。三轮事件期间献血人群越来越年轻化,专科学历献血者占比上升。结论重大公共卫生事件对西安市血液保障工作造成影响的同时有助于积累宝贵的工作经验。采供血机构应根据政府防控措施及事件发生发展的趋势灵活应对,及时调整工作思路和重点,不断完善采供血应急保障机制。

儿科公共卫生事件应急响应护理队伍培训课程的实施与评价研究

目的针对儿童突发公共卫生事件,设置和实施应急响应救护培训课程,并探索其应用效果。方法基于WHO灾害救护与应急响应理论模型、国际护士协会灾害护理胜任力标准科学建立儿科应急响应课程,通过专家咨询法对课程设置和内容进行论证。并于2021年11—12月选取93名护理人员参与课程培训,应用理论和技能考核、护士在线学习态度量表和课程满意度问卷进行教学评价。结果93名护理队员全程参加并完成课程考核。经过系统教学培训,护理人员应急响应救护理论考核成绩显著提升,合格率从56.3%提升至89.2%(P<0.05),技能考核合格率100%。调查结果中,护理队员对在线学习接受度高,但认为对促进临床实践作用有限。同时对整体课程感到满意,认为教师授课质量较高,但建议增加线下讨论课频次,提升学习效果。结论建立系统的儿童公共卫生事件应急响应培训课程能够有效帮助护理人员提升综合救护能力,且混合式教学有助于最大化保障教学效率和质量。

基于UIE的深圳市公共卫生事件应急管理知识图谱构建与应用

目的:构建深圳市公共卫生事件应急管理体系知识图谱,促进公共卫生事件应急管理向依赖大量知识和数据的智能模式发展。方法:从多个信息源收集相关内容,利用经过少量标注数据微调后的ERNIE-UIE模型,实现实体关系联合抽取,并将结果存储于Neo4j图数据库,进行应用与分析。结果:利用微调后的模型抽取得到6787个实体和6052个实体关系三元组。结论:ERNIE-UIE为垂直领域的低资源大规模知识图谱构建提供了一种可行手段,研究得到的深圳市公共卫生事件应急管理知识图谱能够满足较多情况下的应用场景,为提高公共卫生事件应急管理能力提供了模板。

面向信息公开的突发公共卫生事件知识表示模型构建

近年来,突发公共卫生事件频发给政府应急管理带来了极大挑战。政府及时公开事件信息有助于消除公众恐慌,对于疫情防控和社会经济发展至关重要。然而,当前突发公共卫生事件信息以碎片化、不连续、不完整方式散落在不同位置,未能较好地集成融合。如何对海量、多样、变化的信息进行描述与组织是政府应急管理的关键。因此,本文面向信息公开,融合知识图谱和事理图谱,构建突发公共卫生事件知识表示模型,并对其中的核心概念及关系进行表示,提出了一种既能刻画疫情时空演化状态,又能展示疫情信息的突发公共卫生事件信息组织方法。研究结果显示,本文构建的知识表示模型具有较好的垂直性质,能够展示较为丰富的概念关系和属性特征,大部分类能够得到实例填充。本文提出的知识表示模型为突发事件知识库构建提供新思路,扩充了突发事件信息组织的方法体系,有助于存量信息公开与价值释放,进一步满足公众的信息需求,提升应急管理效果。

外科护理学云见习模式的实践研究

目的:根据护理本科生见习教学需求,探索更好的课程见习教学方法。方法:采取整群抽样,选择2018级156名护理本科生为试验组,实施云见习模式,2017级84名护理本科学生为对照组,实施常规教学模式。结果:两组期末理论考试成绩比较无统计学意义,案例汇报成绩有统计学意义;试验组对云见习的满意度98%;授课教师对云见习的综合评价较好。结论:云见习实景感强,学生参与度高,有利于理论知识与临床实践的结合。