Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Undular Tidal Bores in the Qiantang River Based on Field Observations

Understanding the undular tidal bores in the Qiantang River is essential for effective river management and maintenance.While breaking tidal bores have been studied extensively, reports on undular tidal bores in the Qiantang Riverremain limited. Furthermore, observed data on undular tidal bores fulfilling the requirements of short measurementtime intervals, and spring, medium, and neap tide coverage, and providing detailed data for the global vertical stratificationof flow velocity are quite limited. Based on field observations at Qige in the Qiantang estuary, we analyzedthe characteristics of undular tidal bores. The results showed that the flooding amplitude (a) of the first wave isalways larger than its ebbing amplitude (b). Moreover, the vertical distribution of the maximum flood velocity exhibitesthree shapes, influenced by the tidal range, while that of the maximum ebb velocity exhibites a single shape. Duringthe initial phase of the flood tide in the spring and medium tides, the upper water body experiences multiple oscillatingchanges along the flow direction, corresponding to the alternating process of the crest and trough of the tide levelupon the arrival of the tidal bore. The tidal range is a crucial parameter in tidal bore hydrodynamics. By establishingthe relationship between hydrodynamic parameters and tidal range, other hydrodynamic parameters, such as the tidalbore height, maximum flood depth–averaged velocity, maximum flood stratified velocity at the measurement points,and duration of the flood tide current, can be effectively predicted, thereby providing an important reference for rivermanagement and maintenance.

Spatiotemporal Distributions of Bacterioplankton Communities in the Qiantang River(Hangzhou Section),China

The spatial and temporal distribution of bacterioplankton communities plays a vital role in understanding the ecological dynamics and health of aquatic ecosystems.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the bacterioplankton communities in the Qiantang River(Hangzhou section).Water samples were collected quarterly from seven sites over a one-year period.Physical and chemical parameters,including dissolved oxygen(DO),water temperature(WT),chemical oxygen demand(COD),nitrite(NO_(2)^(-)),active phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-))and other indices were determined.In this study,theαdiversity,βdiversity and abundance differences of bacterial communities were investigated using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and main driving factors of the bacterioplankton community structure and diversity were discussed.The results showed that a total of 57 phyla were detected in the bacterioplankton community,among which Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes were the two dominant groups with the highest relative abundance.The results of PCoA based on Bray-Curtis distance showed that the sampling season had a slightly greater effect on the changes in bacterioplankton community structure in the Qiantang River.Mantel and partial Mantel test showed that environmental variables(Mantel r=0.6739,P<0.0001;partial Mantel r=0.507,P=0.0001)were more important than geographical distance(Mantel r=0.5322,P<0.001;partial Mantel r=0.1563,P=0.001).The distance attenuation model showed that there was significant distance attenuation in all four seasons,and the maximum limit of bacterial community diffusion was found in spring.RDA analysis showed that nine environmental factors,including COD,WT and DO,significantly affected community distribution(P<0.05).This study provides valuable insights into the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of bacterioplankton communities,shedding light on their ecological roles in the Qiantang River.The information obtained can guide future research on the interactions between bacterioplankton and their environment,enabling the development of effective conservation strategies and sustainable management practices for aquatic ecosystems.

Carbon Storage Dynamics in Lower Shimentan Formation of the Qiantang Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin: Stratigraphy, Reservoir ‒ Cap Analysis, and Source ‒ Sink Compatibility

Excessive carbon emissions have resulted in the greenhouse effect, causing considerable global climate change. Marine carbon storage has emerged as a crucial approach to addressing climate change. The Qiantang Sag(QTS) in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, characterized by its extensive area, thick sedimentary strata, and optimal depth, presents distinct geological advantages for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) storage. Focusing on the lower section of the Shimentan Formation in the Upper Cretaceous of the QTS, this study integrates seismic interpretation and drilling data with core and thin-section analysis. We reveal the vertical variation characteristics of the strata by providing a detailed stratigraphic description. We use petrophysical data to reveal the development characteristics of high-quality carbon-storage layers and favorable reservoircaprock combinations, thereby evaluating the geological conditions for CO_(2) storage in various stratigraphic sections. We identify Layer B of the lower Shimentan Formation as the most advantageous stratum for marine CO_(2) storage. Furthermore, we analyze the carbon emission trends in the adjacent Yangtze River Delta region. Considering the characteristics of the source and sink areas, we suggest a strong correlation between the carbon emission sources of the Yangtze River Delta and the CO_(2) storage area of the QTS, making the latter a priority area for conducting experiments on marine CO_(2) storage.

Growth, Mortality and Stock Assessment of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Xenocyprididae) from Lanxi Section of Qiantang River, China

Population dynamics parameters and stock status of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846) were analyzed from May to September 2021 in the Lanxi section of Qiantang River. FiSAT II software program was used. The growth coefficient K = 0.21 year–1, asymptomatic length L∞ = 39.48 cm, and age at theoretical zero-length t0 = –0.74 years were estimated. The von Bertalanffy growth function was calculated as Lt = 39.48[1 – e–0.21(t + 0.74)]. The growth curve for weight had an inflection at 5.86 years, corresponding to 29.61 cm in standard length and 372.29 g in weight. The natural mortality rate (M), the fishing mortality rate (F), and the total mortality rate (Z) were calculated as 0.51, 0.61, and 1.12 year–1, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was 0.54, which is greater than the value of 0.5 suggested by Gull (1971), indicating a probable state of overdevelopment. The annual average stock number and biomass of S. curriculus in the Lanxi section of Qiantang River were 31.86 × 106 individuals and 3656.82 t, respectively.

Rhinogobius immaculatus, a new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei Gobiidae) from the Qiantang River, China

A new freshwater goby, Rhinogobius immaculatus sp. nov., is described here from the Qiantang River in China. It is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters： second dorsal-fin rays I, 7-9; anal-fin rays I, 6-8; pectoral-fin rays 14-15; longitudinal scales 29-31; transverse scales 7-9; predorsal scales 2-5; vertebrae 27 （rarely 28）; preopercular canal absent or with two pores; a red oblique stripe below eye in males; branchiostegal membrane mostly reddish-orange, with 3-6 irregular discrete or connected red blotches on posterior branchiostegal membrane and lower operculum in males; caudal-fin base with a median black spot; and no black blotch on anterior part of first dorsal fin in males.

A combined numerical tidal model for the Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang River

-In order to avoid prescribing open boundary condition on the upstream side of the Hangzhou Bay, in numerical simulation of the tides and residual currents of the Bay, a 1-D model for the Qiantang River is connected to the 2-D model for the Hangzhou Bay. The harmonic constants of diurnal constituent [ (K1+O1)/2],semidiurnal constituent (M2) and shallow water constituent (M4) are obtained. The results produced by the combined model are in better agreement with the observed ones than those produced solely by the original 2-D model. The combined model gives much more reliable results for tide-induced residual water level and current.

Tidal Bore Dynamics Around the Similar Right-Angle Shoreline in the Qiantang Estuary,China

Tidal bores are a unique hydrodynamic phenomenon during flood tide in the Qiantang Estuary.The tidal bore propagation around the similar right-angle shoreline is rarely documented in tidal estuaries.To investigate tidal bores around this shoreline,a hydrodynamic model combined with a theoretical method is employed to reveal the characteristics of the bore propagation.The theoretical solution of the tidal bore intensity is deduced to illustrate the relationship of the incident tidal bores and the back-flow bores during the propagation.The hydrodynamic model based on shallow water equation is employed to perform the simulation of tidal bores in the estuary.Model results with respect to the bore height and the propagation speed of tidal bores have a favourable agreement with field data.The tidal bore dynamics in the neighborhood of the similar right-angle shoreline are elucidated.The characteristics of tidal bores in terms of water surface,velocity,bore steepness and the intensity are illustrated and the back-flow bore is analyzed by numerical and theoretical methods around the similar right-angle shoreline.The height of the back-flow bore relative to the incident tidal bore ranges from 1.05 to 1.77.Model result reveals that the ambient water depth and the shape of the similar right-angle shoreline are contributed to the back-flow bore formation.

Design and Site Experiment of Groyne in Bore Surging Area of Qiantang River

The groyne has been used widely in bank protection and river regulation. The plane layout and structural style of groyne are closely related to the stability of the groyne itself and the effect of bank protection. In this paper, based on the preliminary summary of the design of bank protection in the bore surging area of Qiantang River, some problems regarding the structure of groyne are pointed out and an improved plan is put forward. Site experiment was carried out combined with an emergency repair. The results of the experiment indicate that the improved project is reliable and successful.

MARINE HAZARDS IN COASTAL AREAS AND HUMAN ACTION AGAINST THEM-A CASE STUDY OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARIES AND QIANTANG RIVER

China’s eastern coastal area marine hazards (storm surge, erosion and deposition by tidal currents and seawater intrusion) and the history, present situation, experiences and problems of inhabitants in their fight against marine hazards are discussed in this paper, which also suggests countermeasures against, and scientific and rational management of , coastal area marine hazards in order to protect the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.

Morphological evolution of a large sand bar in the Qiantang River Estuary of China since the 1960s

A large sand bar develops in the inner Qiantang River Estuary,China.It is a unique sedimentary system,elongating landwards by about 130 km.Based on long-term series of bathymetric data in each April,July,and November since the 1960s,this study investigated the morphological behavior of this bar under natural conditions and the influence of a large-scale river narrowing project(LRNP)implemented in the last decades.The results show that three timescales,namely the seasonal,interannual and decadal timescales,can be distinguished for the sand bar evolution.The first two are related to the seasonal and interannual variations of river discharge.During high discharge seasons or years,erosion took place at the upper reach and sedimentation at the lower reach.Consequently,the bar apex shifted seaward.The opposite development took place during low discharge seasons or years.The decadal timescale is related to LRNP.Due to the implementation of LRNP,the upper reach has experienced apparent erosion and currently a new equilibrium state has been reached;whereas the lower reach has been accumulated seriously and the accumulation still continues.Nonlinear relationships for how the bar apex location and elevation depend on the river discharge over various stages of LRNP have been established.Compared with the earlier stage of LRNP,the bar apex at present has shifted seaward by about 12 km and lowered by about 1 m.The sand bar movement has significant feedback on the hydrographic conditions along the estuary and has practical implications for coastal management.

Community Characteristics Analysis of Eukaryotic Microplankton via ITS Gene Metabarcoding Based on Environmental DNA in Lower Reaches of Qiantang River, China

Eukaryotic microplankton plays an important role in water biotic community and in maintaining the stability of water ecosystems. Environmental DNA metabarcoding provides the opportunity to integrate traditional and emerging approaches to discover more new species, and develop molecular biotic indices that can be more rapidly, frequently, and robustly used in water quality assessments. In order to examine assemblages of eukaryotic microplankton in lower reaches of Qiantang River, ITS gene metabarcoding technology based on environmental DNA was carried out. As a result, various species of phytoplankton, fungi and zooplankton were annotated on. More phylum, classes and specieses of eukaryotic phytoplankton and zooplankton were found after compared communities taxa based on metabarcoding with that obtained from morphological examination. Nevertheless, Chlorophyceae was the most common assemblage both identified by using these two methods, also Mesocyclops leuckarti and Acanthocyclops bicuspidatus were both found to be the dominant species of Cyclopoida in the river. Additionally, the reads proportions of phytoplankton and zooplankton at the three freshwater sampling sites (Tonglu, Fuyang and Wenyan) decreased as temperature drop. Meanwhile, twenty classes of fungi were annotated on, of which the community characteristic was first researched in the river. There were significant spatial differences in values of Chao1 index for eukaryotic microplankton. Cluster analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination further confirmed that the community composition of eukaryotic microplankton at class level for Jiashao-September sample had the most dissimilarity with the others.

Eukaryotic microbial distribution pattern and its potential effects on fisheries in the fish reserves of Qiantang River in breeding season

To examine the eukaryotic biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems in the Qiantang River,China,eukaryotic microbes in the river were investigated using 18S rRNA gene sequencing during the breeding season(July to August 2018).Four distinct distribution patterns(1.Jiande;2.Tonglu and Fuyang;3.Jiubao;4.Yanguan)of the microbial community and their potential effects on fishery activities were observed.Results show lower abundances of Dinophyta and Fungi and higher abundances of Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta in Tonglu and Fuyang than those in the other three sections.In addition,the reserves(Tonglu and Fuyang)destabilized the original eukaryotic microbial co-occurrence network.Among all the environmental factors measured,nitrogen(nitrite,nitrate,ammonium),water temperature and total chlorophyll a acted as major driving factors that controlled the eukaryotic microbial distribution.Furthermore,the existence of some algae(e.g.,Chrysophyceae,Cryptophytes,and Chlorophyceae)and fungi(e.g.,Rhizophydium)in Tonglu and Fuyang was beneficial to juvenile fish growth and water quality,although some detrimental species(e.g.,Aphanomyces)needed attention.This study provides further insights into the sustainable protection and utilization of rivers.

钱塘江华鳈肌肉营养成分分析

鉴于华鳈(Sarcocheilichthys sinensis)地理分布广泛,不同水域的种群可能存在营养成分差异,为进一步评估钱塘江华鳈(S.sinensis from the Qiantang River)肌肉的营养价值,本研究根据国家相关标准,对钱塘江华鳈肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行了测定和分析。研究结果显示,钱塘江华鳈肌肉中粗蛋白含量为18.14%±0.49%,粗脂肪含量为2.25%±0.10%,粗灰分含量为1.24%±0.02%,水分含量为78.47%±0.13%;肌肉中含有15种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量(TAA)为17.83%±0.45%,其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为7.35%±0.31%,鲜味氨基酸总量(DAA)为6.91%±0.10%;肌肉中富含18种脂肪酸,包括11种饱和脂肪酸(SFA,含量为32.34%±0.31%)、2种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA,含量为40.46%±0.53%)和5种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA,含量为27.19%±0.71%);肌肉中含有铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)和锡(Sn)等微量元素。总之,钱塘江华鳈肉质鲜美,且肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸及微量元素的组成丰富、合理,是一种有着丰富营养价值和开发价值的小型经济鱼类。

基于培训迁移理论的环境设计教师TPACK能力提升研究——以“历史文化名村名镇保护和活化创意师资培训项目”为例

培训迁移理论关于影响因素的分析和评价方法的研究,为师资培训提供了高效的分析框架。“钱塘江流域历史文化名村名镇保护和活化创意师资培训项目”在该理论指导下,研究环境设计教师TPACK能力提升的途径,包括:在培训计划阶段沟通谋划确定培训设计,引导教师树立正确的培训动机;在培训实施阶段优化培训内容设计,塑造良好的培训环境,促进教师TPACK能力感知;在应用阶段推动教学实践应用和培训评估,积极营造持续学习氛围,实现TPACK能力的应用和融合。本研究期待为环境设计师资培训提供理论与实践依据。

径流与涌潮对钱塘江尖山潮滩演变的影响分析

潮滩湿地具有生态系统服务、海岸防护等重要功能,认识其在涌潮与径流作用下的潮滩演变特征,对保护钱塘江涌潮区域湿地至关重要。基于钱塘江尖山潮滩151张地形及径流、水位、泥沙和遥感数据,探究潮滩演变特征与驱动机制。结果表明:(1)尖山潮滩呈动态平衡,在观测区,枯季淤积速率为0.01 m/d,坡度降至1‰后稳定;洪季崩岸速率达3 m/d,崩退宽度达113 m,但洪季后以0.05 m/d的速率恢复。(2)洪季潮滩处的涌潮略强于枯季,洪水促进河势分汊,而涌潮主要通过南汊输沙,减少了北汊潮滩处泥沙输送。(3)钱塘江流量是控制潮滩年内季节性冲淤变化的关键因素,潮滩变化速率与流量、初始高程及潮差呈多元线性关系。(4)洪水改变河势,潮滩泥沙供应减少,含径流的退潮流冲刷增强使其崩岸退缩,但当水流冲刷减小、涌潮与涨潮流输沙占优时,潮滩迅速淤积。

杭州市钱塘新区地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价

地下空间地质环境适宜性评价是实现地下空间合理有序开发的重要环节,也是国土空间科学规划的必要前提。通过系统分析杭州市钱塘新区地质环境条件,从地形地貌、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、活动断裂及地震效应、环境地质问题等五个方面选取15个指标构建了地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价指标体系。在此基础上,采用变权层次分析法和灰色关联分析模型,对浅层(0~15m)、次浅层(15~30m)、次深层(30~50m)地下空间进行了开发利用地质环境条件适宜性评价。结果表明,研究区浅层和次深层地下空间更适宜开发,而次浅层地下空间适宜性好和适宜性较好的总面积仅占全区的45.7%,地质环境条件复杂,具有一定的开发难度。该结果可为钱塘新区地下空间合理开发提供参考。

钱塘江流域杭州段地表水中典型抗生素的分布特征及生态风险评价

采用固相萃取和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)首次测定钱塘江流域杭州段地表水中β-内酰胺类(β-Ls)、喹诺酮类(QNs)、磺胺类(SAs)、大环内酯类(MLs)、四环素类(TCs)、广谱抗菌药物(WAs)等6类83种典型抗生素的浓度水平,初步探明钱塘江流域杭州段中典型抗生素的区域分布特征,并利用风险熵值法评价了抗生素赋存的潜在风险.结果表明,46种抗生素在钱塘江流域杭州段有检出,地表水中抗生素总平均浓度在枯水期、平水期、丰水期分别为27.8,24.8,23.8ng/L,枯水期抗生素浓度略高于平水期和丰水期,且抗生素总检出浓度呈现上游>中游>下游的趋势.其中,林可霉素(LCM)的检出率高达98.2%,最高检出浓度为22.7ng/L,平均浓度与中位浓度分别为8.04ng/L和8.14ng/L,是区域地表水中的特征抗生素.其他检出率较高的抗生素有磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、甘宝素(CB)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)、氟康唑(FCZ)、磺胺(SM)、克拉霉素(CLT)等,其平均浓度分别为3.60,2.56,1.07,0.97,1.09,1.08,0.70ng/L.主成分分析结果显示LCM、SMX、SM、SCP的浓度变化与其他抗生素有相比有显著差异.生态风险评价结果表明,钱塘江流域杭州段所有检出抗生素单项生态风险熵(RQ)均小于1.0,未发现高生态风险抗生素.

卷积神经网络方法在涌潮水动力特性演变中的应用研究

该文基于开源软件OpenFOAM求解雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程,实现了对于波状涌潮(Fr=1.2~1.3)的数值模拟,并与物理实验数据比较,验证了数值模拟的准确性。使用CONV1D卷积神经网络模型对数值模拟数据进行了学习,预测出在具有斜坡地形上的涌潮水动力发展过程。对比涌潮到达x=30.0 m测点处的用时和该测点的最高水位的模型预测结果与数值模拟结果可知:到达用时的平均相对误差为2.28%,最高水位的平均相对误差为3.73%。较小的相对误差证明了CONV1D模型的准确性。该文对于涌潮的水动力过程模拟、与涌潮相关的灾害预警以及初生涌潮未来发展趋势研究都具有一定意义。

钱塘江河口尖山滩地短期演变及其影响因素

滩槽冲淤演变是潮汐河口研究关注的重点问题之一。尖山河段位于钱塘江河口的过渡段,受径流和潮流共同作用,滩地冲淤变化幅度大、主槽摆动频繁。以往研究多局限于物理模型或数值模拟,缺乏与现场实测资料的对比分析。因此,以尖山滩地2020~2021年的实测地形数据为基础,结合近期水动力过程,分析滩面坡度、地形冲淤和典型断面高程的变化,并研究径潮动力对近期滩地演变的影响。结果表明,滩地呈现阶段性冲淤交替,汛前滩地成台阶状分布,横向存在多级陡坎;汛中近岸边滩大幅冲刷,离岸心滩略有淤积;汛后滩地普遍淤涨,近岸水流集中形成冲刷潮水沟。下泄径流和上溯潮流是尖山滩地演变的主要控制因素,径潮动力与滩地相互作用,形成“洪冲潮淤、大冲大淤”的形态格局。

浙江省钱塘江源区域山水林田湖草生命共同体健康评价

[目的]分析浙江省钱塘江源区域山水林田湖草生命共同体健康状况,为国土空间规划和生态管理提供科学参考。[方法]基于生命共同体理论与活力—组织力—恢复力(vitality-organization-resilience,VOR)生态模型理论,构建生命共同体健康评价指标体系。利用3S技术和社会经济统计资料,以县域为评价单元,对钱江源区域山水林田湖草生命共同体的健康状况进行评价和分级。[结果]①2020年,钱江源区域的淳安县处于生命共同体健康状态,建德市、开化县、常山县生命共同体均为亚健康状态。②2015—2020年4个县(市)生命共同体健康指数总体呈上升趋势,健康指数上升趋势大小依次为:建德市>常山县>淳安县>开化县。③2020年,4县(市)中山水林田湖草子系统健康状态最好的为常山县,最差的为淳安县;生态系统健康状态最好的为淳安县,最差的为常山县。④钱江源区域林、田子系统结构及其生态服务功能有待提升优化。⑤生态修复试点工程对于提升钱江源区域生命共同体健康状态在一定程度上起到了积极的推动作用。[结论]钱江源区域山水林田湖草生态修复工程取得了阶段性成果。4县(市)接下来应针对山、水、林、田、湖等子系统的不同问题开展相关修复工作,同时进行统筹规划与生态整治,实现山水林田湖草生命共同体系统的统筹共治、健康管理与持续经营。