Study on Biogas Development in the Qinba Mountain Area in the Background of Developing Ecological Civilization

Biogas is a clean energy source with high value for the comprehensive development and utilization of the Qinba Mountain area.Promoting biogas in the Qinba Mountain area can effectively solve the energy dilemma in the construction of a new socialist countryside.However, the promotion and usage of biogas are faced with economic, technical, and policy obstacles.The government and farmers of the five provinces and one municipality in the Qinba Mountain area have invested time and resources to build household biogas pools and related supporting facilities.Whether these facilities can continue to play a role or not has become the most important issue faced by these farmers.Based on the inputs and outputs of biogas processes in the Qinba Mountain area, we present an analysis of the factors affecting the construction, maintenance, operations, and utilization of biogas in this area, and put forward relevant suggestions for the healthy and sustainable development of household biogas in the Qinba Mountain area.

Applicability of TRMM Precipitation Product in Qinba Mountainous Area of Shaanxi Province

The applicability of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM3B42V7) precipitation data in the region was evaluated using the measured daily precipitation data in 16 hydrological stations in Shaanxi Province from 1998 to 2014. The evaluation process with several statistical error metrics was applied to daily, monthly, and annual timescale. The results show that the satellite and gauge stations show good consistency for monthly and annual timescale, but rather worse accuracy of daily timescale. All timescales produced the overestimated result of average precipitation measurement. The spatially statistical distribution shows a slight correlation between the observation and satellite estimation, especially at the higher elevation area such as Taibai. The TRMM precipitation value is closer to the gauge station precipitation value at a place with lower elevation, whether the timescale is daily, monthly or annual. At the same time, the smaller timescale leads to closer relations between elevation and metrics. The research results are important value of the research study of meteorological process in the Qinba mountain area.

An ethnobotanical study of forage plants in Zhuxi County in the Qinba mountainous area of central China

In the Qinba mountainous area of Central China,pig farming has a significant impact on the growth of the rural economy and has substantially increased farmer incomes.Traditional knowledge plays an important role in the selection of forage plant species for pig farming by local people.This study aimed to identify the forage plants used for pig feeding and to catalog indigenous knowledge regarding their use.During 2016 and 2017,ethnobotanical surveys and inventories were conducted in Zhuxi County,Hubei Province,China.Data were collected using semi-structured interviews,key informant reports,free listings,guided field walks,and participatory observations with 77 households in 16 villages in 13 towns/townships.The obtained data were analyzed using a relative frequency citation(RFC)index.Overall,145 wild forage plants from 91 genera and 31 families were recorded.The most cited families were Asteraceae,Polygonaceae,Urticaceae,Amaranthaceae,Fabaceae,Cruciferae,Caryophyllaceae,and Lamiaceae.Whole plants(75.9%)and tender leaves(12.4%)were the most frequently used parts of the plants.Most of the forage plants were herbaceous(88.9%).Almost all forage plants could be collected throughout the year(62.7%).Raw and cooked were the two main preparation methods.The most frequently cited species were Taraxacum mongolicum,Bidens pilosa,Sonchus oleraceus,Pilea verrucosa,and Pilea pumila var.obtusifolia.A total of 14 species were identified as the top forage plants in Zhuxi County based on their RFC values(RFC value greater than 0.5).Local people possess rich traditional knowledge about the utilization and management of forage plants for pig feeding.However,the maintenance of this traditional knowledge may be seriously threatened by changes in pig feeding modes and the lack of successors.Appropriate strategies and action plans have been suggested for the conservation of traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity and the sustainable use of forage species resources.These include 1)taking targeted measures to protect forage resources and associated traditional knowledge;2)strengthening research on the forage plants with the highest RFC values for nutritional value,digestibility,other functions,and ecological status;and 3)enhancing the identification of poisonous forage plants.

Development of Qinba Mountainous Area in the Historical Period from the Perspective of Man-Land Relationship

Taking agricultural development as the starting point,this paper explored the dynamic mechanism and implementation path of agricultural development in Qinba Mountainous Area from the perspective of man-land relationship. It found the regular understanding of ecological changes in Qinba Mountains. It is a comprehensive review and exploration on agricultural development and environmental evolution,and aims to provide a historical reference for the development of the contemporary Qinba Mountains.

Preliminary study on ecological environment and biological resources of Qinba areas

The Qinba areas,located in the Central China,represent 317000 km2,cover 6 provinces.The major mountain of Qinba areas,the Qinling,separates China North and South.This region is one of the areas with the most biodiversity and ecological importance in China and globally,and considered as natural gene bank and bio-resource bank.Qinba mountain areas,together with the Alps in Europe and the Rocky Mountains in North America,are known as the"Three sisters of the earth"by the geological and biological circles.Most of the lands in this region are protected as national park,natural reserve,water resource protection area,etc.These areas have well preserved ecosystem and breeding and habitat area for many endangered species of plants and animals,inculding Panda.In this region,there are more than 4000 species of higher plants,about 2000 species of medicinal plants and animals,200 species of wild ornamental plants and 180 species of economic fungi with edible and medicinal value in those areas.Medicinal plant cultivation,eco-agriculture and ecotourism are the major industries in this region.The State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinba Areas,located in Hanzhong,the central city of Qinba,is focusing on pan-regional biological resources research and rational utilization,ecological protection,and comprehensive and coordinated regional development.

社会资本、知识存量和信息素养对秦巴——武陵山区家庭农场订单生产经营行为的影响

【目的】从社会资本视角,探究影响山区家庭农场订单生产经营行为的因素,为山区家庭农场高质量发展提供经验支持。【方法】基于“刺激—机体—反应”(S-O-R)理论模型,从社会资本、知识存量和信息素养3个维度构建影响家庭农场订单生产经营行为的理论框架,结合秦巴—武陵山区448份家庭农场调查数据,运用AMOS结构方程模型进行实证检验。【结果】社会网络、社会信任和社会规范对家庭农场订单生产经营行为影响极显著(P<0.01,下同),路径标准化系数分别为0.157、0.201和0.109;知识存量在社会网络、社会信任、社会规范与家庭农场参与订单生产经营行为中发挥的间接效应极显著,效应系数分别为0.186、0.116和0.074,说明知识存量在社会网络、社会信任、社会规范与家庭农场参与订单生产经营行为中发挥部分中介作用,其中,知识存量在社会网络与家庭农场参与订单生产经营行为中发挥的中介效应最大,社会信任发挥的中介效应次之;信息素养在社会网络、社会信任与家庭农场参与订单生产经营行为中发挥的间接效应极显著,效应系数分别为0.087和0.113,说明信息素养在社会网络、社会信任与家庭农场参与订单生产经营行为中发挥部分中介作用,且信息素养在社会信任与家庭农场参与订单生产经营行为中发挥的中介效应最大;在社会网络与家庭农场参与订单生产经营行为中,知识存量发挥的中介效应远大于信息素养发挥的中介效应。【建议】以家庭农场社会资本增量提质为抓手,大力培育家庭农场社会资本,规范引导家庭农场订单生产行为;优化政策支持机制,提高订单生产参与率;重视家庭农场知识存量积累和信息素养提升,增强家庭农场订单生产经营能力,旨在引导家庭农场可持续发展。

共同富裕视阈下旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率研究——以陕西秦巴山片区为例

紧密契合新发展阶段推进共同富裕的战略目标,以陕西秦巴山片区为例,运用三阶段DEA-Malmquist指数模型、地理探测器等方法对旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率进行测度,明确其演变特征,识别影响因素及其交互作用。结果表明:(1)陕西秦巴山片区旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的综合效率总体处于中等水平,各县域效率存在明显的区域异质性;(2)2016—2021年陕西秦巴山片区旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率整体呈波动上升趋势,通过旅游发展来带动县域脱贫振兴还存在较大的提升空间;(3)交通、人均财政支出、人均地区生产总值等因素及其交互作用对旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率存在显著影响。最后,从合理配置旅游投入产出要素、构建旅游共享发展新格局、改善基础设施及旅游产业经济基础等方面提出了策略建议。

四川秦巴山区降雨型滑坡灾害降雨阈值

四川省秦巴山区因其复杂地形和频发的极端降雨,成为中国滑坡灾害高发区,降雨是其主要自然致灾因素之一。尽管现有区域滑坡预警系统提供了基本的监测,但在准确性方面仍有提升空间。本研究通过分析2000—2020年间1850起滑坡灾害及同期逐时降雨数据,识别影响滑坡发生的关键降雨特征,采用混淆矩阵和技能得分等评价指标,拟合筛选确定最佳阈值曲线。研究表明:(1)拟合确定了诱发滑坡灾害的最佳降雨阈值曲线,并将其应用于2021年滑坡灾害预报,预测正确率达到87.72%。(2)通过滑坡隐患点编目数据进行滑坡危险性区划,中高及高危险性区域(4级和5级)的滑坡灾害点占比51.46%,中至高危险性区域(3级至5级)的灾害点占比91.23%,显示出阈值曲线在空间预测上的有效性。最佳降雨阈值曲线的应用显著提高了滑坡预警系统的准确性和可靠性。研究成果有助于优化现行滑坡预警系统,提高灾害管理效率,可为滑坡灾害预防和减灾工作提供科学支持。

秦巴山区典型碎石土抗剪强度变化规律及其在堆积层滑坡机理分析中的应用

秦巴山区堆积层滑坡具有数量多、分布广、密度大和频次高的特点,常造成十分严重的灾害。文章以秦巴山区小岭镇岭丰村三组矿洞滑坡碎石土为研究对象,通过室内大型直剪试验对研究区碎石土进行了深入研究,探讨了不同含水率、不同干密度和不同法向应力下碎石土抗剪强度的变化规律,并基于室内试验成果采用Midas GTS NT有限元数值模拟软件对该滑坡发生前的边坡进行计算分析,模拟分析了该边坡在开挖后及开挖与降雨耦合两种工况下应力、位移和稳定性的变化情况,最后以此为依据总结了典型开挖诱发型堆积层滑坡的发生机理。通过数值模拟计算发现:人类工程活动即开挖坡脚和该地区出现的强降雨是导致滑坡的主要诱发因素;秦巴山区典型开挖诱发型滑坡的变形模式可被归纳为:牵引-蠕滑式。研究成果可为秦巴山区堆积层滑坡的防治提供一定参考。

甘肃省秦巴山地区农户生计资本对生计策略的影响分析

调整农户生计策略,促进农户从事非农业生产活动,是近年来帮助农民增收致富的重要手段。本研究通过对甘肃省陇南市文县、康县和西和县的13个行政村进行走访调研,利用二元Logistic模型分析了农户生计资本对其生计策略选择的影响,结果显示:农户所拥有耕地面积、住房面积、家庭劳动力数量、家庭劳动力文化程度以及农户家庭成员中是否有村干部这些因素会显著影响农户生计策略选择。基于此,有针对性地提出了建立健全就业服务体系、丰富农户社交网络、提高教育质量和水平、建立救灾和防灾应急机制等对策建议。

秦巴山区砂泥岩顺层边坡稳定控制性因素及处治措施分析

砂泥岩顺层边坡崩塌、滑坡等是秦巴山区公路普遍且易发的地质灾害之一,文章结合该地区多个顺层边坡失稳垮塌处治的工程实例,总结了顺层边坡多发失稳模式,并结合该地区工程地质及水文地质条件分析了该地区边坡稳定的主要控制性因素,提出了工程常见的顺层边坡处治措施,包括削坡减载、应用锚固技术、建设支挡工程等,可供类似顺层边坡处治设计参考。

秦巴山连片特困区地形起伏与人口及经济关系

为了探讨地形要素对连片特困山区人口格局、经济布局和贫困程度约束作用,基于Arc GIS10.0空间分析技术与SPSS18.0统计分析工具,利用SRTM3-DEM数据,分别对中国典型贫困山区——秦巴连片特困区80个县区的地形起伏的空间特征,地形起伏与人口经济格局之间关系进行探析,并且对秦巴山区发展适宜性进行评价。结果表明:1.秦巴山区各县区地形起伏、人口密度、经济发展水平呈现出显著的由西北向东南方向递减的梯度空间规律。2.区域地形起伏与所在县区人口密度、三次产业结构存在显著的空间负相关,即地区地形起伏越大,人口密度越小,经济发展受限制越强,相反地形越平缓,经济活动则越活跃,人口的空间分布更为集聚。3.地形起伏度是决定区域经济发展的主导因素,但对秦巴山区深入研究发现,市辖区的人口分布与经济发展受地形起伏约束较小,究其根本原因是:市辖区在地方财政收入、基础设施投入力度、人才引进、资源支配、招商引资等方面存在明显的支配地位和集聚优势,较大程度上抵消地形对经济发展的限制。

秦巴山区的生态旅游气候资源——以重庆城口县为例

秦巴山区是我国重要的生物基因库和绿色生态屏障,其所在的秦淮(秦岭-淮河)线是我国重要的地理气候分界线,同时也是我国最大的集中连片贫困地区。在新的历史时期,如何充分发挥秦巴山区生态气候资源在扶贫开发中的作用,受到业界的密切关注。以地处秦巴山区腹地的重庆城口县为例,基于秦巴山区及城口县域的气象、森林、植被、动物及其他生态环境方面的资料,采用人体舒适度指数、温湿指数、风寒指数与统计学方法,从生态环境、旅游气候资源两个方面研究了城口县生态旅游气候环境,以期为该区旅游资源开发利用提供决策依据。研究表明:城口县森林覆盖率高达62.9%,生态资源优异,绚丽多彩的自然景观以及独特的民俗文化,使得城口县生态旅游资源丰富;城口属亚热带季风气候区,气候温和、雨量充沛、风速较小、四季分明、气候宜人、旅游舒适期长;独特的地理气候条件,造就了城口县春天可踏青赏花、夏季是避暑天堂、秋天遍山枫叶红、冬天雪景美如画,一年四季美景不断,且风格各异。

秦巴山脉区域生态系统服务重要性评价及生态安全格局构建

秦巴山脉地区生态系统的生态安全格局对维护我国中部地区生态系统结构健康、控制生态过程起着关键性的作用,构建合理的生态安全格局是保障该地区生态安全的有效措施。本研究在对秦巴山脉地区水源涵养、物种多样性、生态固碳和土壤保持服务功能重要性评估的基础上,根据这四项生态服务功能在生态资产价值中所占比重赋予权重,结合生态系统敏感性分析结果,采用景观生态的源汇理论,利用热点分析工具识别秦巴山脉地区生态源地。运用最小累积阻力模型识别潜在生态廊道,在此基础上结合区域内河流水系、关键物种分布特征、自然保护区分布等要素形成带状生态廊道和踏脚石生态廊道;最终形成由6大重要生态斑块、10条河流廊道、2条生物通道,以及26处踏脚石廊道组成的秦巴山脉地区生态安全格局。基于生态系统服务功能重要性的生态安全格局构建,是在生态服务现状基础上提出的规划策略,可为秦巴山脉地区国家公园规划布局,区域生态保护规划和生态文明建设提供重要依据。

秦巴山区(宁强、柞水、安康试验区)0～14岁儿童精神发育迟滞患病状况调查

目的 :研究秦巴山区精神发育迟滞 (MR)高发典型区儿童MR患病率、边缘率、病情程度和病因构成 .方法 :对试验区所有 0～ 1 4岁儿童进行智力筛查 ,对可疑MR儿童做智力诊断、医学检查 .结果 :①试验区儿童MR患病率为 3.1 9% ,边缘率为 4 .4 1 % ,总患率为 7.6 0 % ;②儿童MR患病率与边缘率都呈现出随年龄增长而逐渐增加的趋势 ;③轻度MR占MR总体的大多数 ,边缘型、轻型和重型之比为 5 .3∶2 .9∶1 .0 ;④在MR的病因中 ,已明病因占 36 .3% ,病因暂不明占 6 3.7% .结论 :试验区均为儿童MR高发典型区 ,在这些地区开展病因研究、干预措施及组织实施模式的研究 。

基于地形因素的秦巴山区人口-经济空间格局及其影响机制研究

地形是影响区域人口分布和社会经济发展的重要因素,尤其在山地区域其影响和约束作用更加明显。以秦巴山区为例,基于SRTM数据提取高程和地形起伏度,借助多种空间分析和地统计学方法,分多个尺度对人口、经济空间的格局和分异特征进行分析,重点从地形要素定量揭示其与人口、经济空间的相互关系和影响程度。研究表明:①秦巴山区人口经济空间分异特征明显,Lorenz曲线和基尼系数结果显示,人口分布具有不均衡性,但不均衡程度低于全国水平,Moran’s I指数结果说明人口、经济空间具有一定集聚特征,且在像元尺度下集聚程度更明显;②人口、GDP密度呈现外围热、内部冷的空间格局,通过像元尺度的空间要素密度分析发现人口、经济要素在垂直方向上的分异十分明显;③样带研究中人口、GDP密度与海拔的变化曲线呈反向相关,人口、经济在小尺度范围对地形有一定的适应性;④经济发展对地形条件依赖性更强,人口和村庄对地形的适应性更加明显;地形的垂直分异特征导致自然环境和区域发展条件的空间差异,进而影响着人口、经济的空间分布格局。

秦巴山脉绿色循环发展战略

为推进秦巴山脉地区的绿色循环发展,中国工程院于2015年启动"秦巴山脉绿色循环发展研究"重大咨询项目。本文从秦巴山脉的范围界定、价值认知方面入手,以保护与发展中的问题为导向,探究创新发展的路径,提出了生态文明、区域协调和特色扶贫三大战略重点,并从制定专项规划、建立协调机制和加大政策扶持等层面提出措施和建议。

秦巴山区野生桑黄人工驯化栽培技术研究初报

初步确定秦巴山区野生桑黄人工栽培的培养基配比及栽培管理措施。采用代料栽培对秦巴山区野生桑黄进行人工驯化研究。人工代料栽培桑黄子实体培养基配比桑树木屑76％，稻壳2％，玉米粉10％，麸皮10％，蔗糖1％，石灰1％，含水量60％～62％；空气相对湿度90％～95％，温度25℃～28℃，光照200～3001x。初步试验结果表明秦巴山区野生桑黄可以经过人工驯化进行代料栽培。

秦巴山区野百合表型多样性

为揭示秦巴山区野百合天然居群的表型变异，对该地区17个野百合天然居群花、叶的8个质量性状和21个数量性状进行了观测。结果表明：野百合在秦巴山区适应性强、分布范围广，而且大多生长在海拔705～1913m的高山；表型性状变异丰富；上部叶片长与纬度存在显著正相关，柱头宽、上部叶片长与海拔高度存在显著正相关，下部叶间距与年降水量存在显著正相关，花梗长和上部叶片长与年均温度存在显著负相关；17个野百合天然居群被系统聚类为巴山和秦岭2大组。该研究结果为进一步开展野百合遗传育种、保护生物学的研究奠定了基础。

野生豆腐柴总黄酮及微量元素的测定

采用分光光度法和原子吸收测定法,分别对秦巴山区野生豆腐柴中的总黄酮及铁、钙、锌、镁、铜5种微量元素进行了测定。结果表明:秦巴山区野生豆腐柴含总黄酮为6.06%;含5种微量元素为Ca 12 574μg/g、Fe 1 830.5μg/g、Mg 4 312.5μg/g、Zn 41.5μg/g、Cu29.5μg/g。截至目前,豆腐柴中总黄酮及微量元素含量的测定尚未见有类似的报道,故这一测定结果对开发利用豆腐柴这一野生资源起着重要作用。