Protein arginine methyltransferase-6 regulates heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-F expression and is a potential target for the treatment of neuropathic pain

Protein arginine methyltransferase-6 participates in a range of biological functions,particularly RNA processing,transcription,chromatin remodeling,and endosomal trafficking.However,it remains unclear whether protein arginine methyl transferase-6 modifies neuropathic pain and,if so,what the mechanisms of this effect.In this study,protein arginine methyltransferase-6 expression levels and its effect on neuropathic pain were investigated in the spared nerve injury model,chronic constriction injury model and bone cancer pain model,using immunohistochemistry,western blotting,immunoprecipitation,and label-free proteomic analysis.The results showed that protein arginine methyltransferase-6 mostly co-localized withβ-tubulinⅢin the dorsal root ganglion,and that its expression decreased following spared nerve injury,chronic constriction injury and bone cancer pain.In addition,PRMT6 knockout(Prmt6~(-/-))mice exhibited pain hypersensitivity.Furthermore,the development of spared nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity to mechanical pain was attenuated by blocking the decrease in protein arginine methyltransferase-6 expression.Moreover,when protein arginine methyltransferase-6 expression was downregulated in the dorsal root ganglion in mice without spared nerve injury,increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases were observed in the ipsilateral dorsal horn,and the response to mechanical stimuli was enhanced.Mechanistically,protein arginine methyltransferase-6 appeared to contribute to spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-F.Additionally,protein arginine methyltransfe rase-6-mediated modulation of hete rogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-F expression required amino atids 319 to 388,but not classical H3R2 methylation.These findings indicated that protein arginine methyltransferase-6 is a potential therapeutic target fo r the treatment of peripheral neuro pathic pain.

A candidate protective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G

Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G is down-regulated in the spinal cord of the Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur(TG)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model.However,most studies have only examined heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G expression in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model and heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G effects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis such as in apoptosis are unknown.In this study,we studied the potential mechanism of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G in neuronal death in the spinal cord of TG and wild-type mice and examined the mechanism by which heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G induces apoptosis.Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G in spinal cord was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting,and cell proliferation and proteins(TAR DNA binding protein 43,superoxide dismutase 1,and Bax)were detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 and western blot analysis in heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G siRNA-transfected PC12 cells.We analyzed heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G distribution in spinal cord in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model at various time points and the expressions of apoptosis and proliferation-related proteins.Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G was mainly localized in neurons.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice were examined at three stages:preonset(60-70 days),onset(90-100 days)and progression(120-130 days).The number of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-positive cells was significantly higher in the anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cord segment of TG mice at the preonset stage than that of control group but lower than that of the control group at the onset stage.The number of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-positive cells in both central canal and surrounding gray matter of the whole spinal cord of TG mice at the onset stage was significantly lower than that in the control group,whereas that of the lumbar spinal cord segment of TG mice was significantly higher than that in the control group at preonset stage and significantly lower than that in the control group at the progression stage.The numbers of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-positive cells in the posterior horn of cervical and thoracic segments of TG mice at preonset and progression stages were significantly lower than those in the control group.The expression of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G in the cervical spinal cord segment of TG mice was significantly higher than that in the control group at the preonset stage but significantly lower at the progression stage.The expression of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G in the thoracic spinal cord segment of TG mice was significantly increased at the preonset stage,significantly decreased at the onset stage,and significantly increased at the progression stage compared with the control group.heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G expression in the lumbar spinal cord segment of TG mice was significantly lower than that of the control group at the progression stage.After heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G gene silencing,PC12 cell survival was lower than that of control cells.Both TAR DNA binding protein 43 and Bax expressions were significantly increased in heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-silenced cells compared with control cells.Our study suggests that abnormal distribution and expression of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G might play a protective effect in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis development via preventing neuronal death by reducing abnormal TAR DNA binding protein 43 generation in the spinal cord.

Protein and gene expression characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM To investigate the expression characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1(HNRNPH1) m RNA and protein in cell lines and tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). METHODS Western blotting was used to assess the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in seven ESCC cell lines and 30 paired fresh tissue specimens. The subcellular localization of HNRNPH1 was determined by immunofluorescence in ESCC cells. The RNA sequencing data from 87 patients with ESCC were obtained from the cancer genome atlas(TCGA), and the expression and clinical characteristics analysis of different transcript variants of HNRNPH1 were evaluated in this dataset. In addition, immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in 125 patients.RESULTS The expression of HNRNPH1 protein varied across different ESCC cell lines. It was exclusively restricted to the nucleus of the ESCC cells. There are two transcript variants of the HNRNPH1 gene. Variant 1 was constitutively expressed, and its expression did not change during tumorigenesis. In contrast, levels of variant 2 were low in non-tumorous tissues and were dramatically increased in ESCC(P = 0.0026). The high levels of variant 2 were associated with poorer differentiated tumors(P = 0.0287). Furthermore, in paired fresh tissue specimens, HNRNPH1 protein was overexpressed in 73.3%(22/30) of neoplastic tissues. HNRNPH1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC, with strong staining in 43.2%(54/125) of tumor tissues and 22.4%(28/125) of matched non-cancerous tissues(P = 0.0005). Positive HNRNPH1 expression was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation degree(P = 0.0337).CONCLUSION The different alternative transcript variants of HNRNPH1 exhibited different expression changes during tumorigenesis. Its m RNA and protein were overexpressed in ESCC and associated with poorer differentiation of tumor cells. These findings highlight the potential of HNRNPH1 in the therapy and diagnosis of ESCC.

The heterodimeric structure of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 dictates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-directed transcriptional events in osteoblasts

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein （hnRNP） C plays a key role in RNA processing but also exerts a dominant negative effect on responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D （1,25（OH）2D） by functioning as a vitamin D response element-binding protein （VDRE-BP）. hnRNPC acts a tetramer of hnRNPC1 （huC1） and hnRNPC2 （huC2）, and organization of these subunits is critical to in vivo nucleic acid-binding. Overexpression of either huC1 or huC2 in human osteoblasts is sufficient to confer VDRE-BP suppression of 1,25（OH）2D-mediated transcription. However, huC1 or huC2 alone did not suppress 1,25（OH）2D-induced transcription in mouse osteoblastic cells. By contrast, overexpression of huC1 and huC2 in combination or transfection with a bone-specific polycistronic vector using a ＂self-cleaving＂ 2A peptide to co-express huC1/C2 suppressed 1,25D-mediated induction of osteoblast target gene expression. Structural diversity of hnRNPC between human/NWPs and mouse/rat/rabbit/dog was investigated by analysis of sequence variations within the hnRNP CLZ domain. The predicted loss of distal helical function in hnRNPC from lower species provides an explanation for the altered interaction between huC1/C2 and their mouse counterparts. These data provide new evidence of a role for hnRNPC1/C2 in 1,25（OH）2D-driven gene expression, and further suggest that species-specific tetramerization is a crucial determinant of its actions as a regulator of VDR-directed transactivation.

Dengue virus non-structural 1 protein interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H in human monocytic cells

Objective: To study protein-protein interaction between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H(hn RNP H) and Dengue virus(DENV) proteins. Methods: DENV proteins were screened against the host hn RNP H protein, in order to identify the host-viral protein-protein interactions in DENV infected THP-1 cells by co-immunoprecipitation. The co-localization of the interacting proteins was further confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: The host protein hn RNP H was found to interact with DENV nonstructural 1 protein and help the virus to multiply in the cell. Conclusions: The non-structural 1 glycoprotein is a key modulator of host immune response and is also involved in viral replication. Therefore, disruption of this key interaction between hn RNP H and DENV nonstructural 1 could be an important therapeutic strategy for management of DENV infection.

Gene Expression Changes Associated with the Loss of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein M Function

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are formed by the nonenzymatic reaction of sugars with proteins. Glycation may adversely affect proteins, such as by inducing a loss of function. It has been shown that glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs (Glycer-AGEs) accumulate in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Previously, we showed the formation of intracellular Glycer-AGEs upon exposure of hepatocytes to fructose in vitro, and identified an RNA-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (HNRNPM), as a target for glycation. However, the impact of glycated HNRNPM in NASH remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined gene expression changes caused by HNRNPM knockdown, and investigated the up- and down-regulated genes as noninvasive biomarker candidates for NASH. Microarray analysis after HNRNPM knockdown showed that the levels of 138 transcripts were increased, while those of 100 transcripts were decreased as compared with those in the control. Gene Ontology-based functional analysis showed that 14 upregulated and 9 downregulated genes were associated with the extracellular space, which may enable their detection using blood tests. Among these, six of the up- and down-regulated genes were associated with the extracellular exosome. These results suggest that the loss of HNRNPM function by glycation is reflected extracellularly. Therefore, the identified genes may serve as noninvasive biomarkers for Glycer-AGEs-related NASH.

Engineered extracellular vesicles efficiently deliver CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein(RNP)to inhibit herpes simplex virus1 infection in vitro and in vivo

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have recently emerged as a promising delivery platform for CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins(RNPs),owing to their ability to minimize off-target effects and immune responses.However,enhancements are required to boost the efficiency and safety of Cas9 RNP enrichment within EVs.In response,we employed the Fc/Spa interaction system,in which the human Fc domain was fused to the intracellular domain of PTGFRN-Δ687 and anchored to the EV membrane.Simultaneously,the B domain of the Spa protein was fused to the C domain of cargos such as Cre or spCas9.Due to the robust interaction between Fc and Spa,this method enriched nearly twice the amount of cargo within the EVs.EVs loaded with spCas9 RNP targeting the HSV1 genome exhibited significant inhibition of viral replication in vitro and in vivo.Moreover,following neuron-targeting peptide RVG modification,the in vivo dosage in neural tissues substantially increased,contributing to the clearance of the HSV1 virus in neural tissues and exhibiting a lower off-target efficiency.These findings establish a robust platform for efficient EV-based SpCas9 delivery,offering potential therapeutic advantages for HSV1 infections and other neurological disorders.

Efficient genome editing in Claviceps purpurea using a CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein method

Claviceps purpurea produces many pharmacologically important ergot alkaloids(EAS),which are widely used to treat migraine and hypertension and to aid childbirth.Although an EAS biosynthetic cluster of C.purpurea has been discovered more than 20 years ago,the complete biosynthetic pathway of EAS has not been fully characterized until now.The main obstacle to elucidating this pathway and strain modification is the lack of efficient genome-editing tools for C.purpurea.The conventional gene manipulation method for C.purpurea relies on homologous recombination(HR),although the efficiency of HR in C.purpurea is very low(~1-5%).Consequently,the disruption of target genes is laborious and time-consuming.Although CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing methods based on in vivo Cas9 expression and gRNA transcription have been reported recently,their gene-disruption efficiency is still very low.Here,we developed an efficient genome-editing system in C.purpurea based on in vitro assembled CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes.As proof of principle,three target genes were efficiently knocked out using this CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex-mediated HR system,with editing efficiencies ranging from 50%to 100%.Inactivation of the three genes,which are closely related to uridine biosynthesis(ura5),hypha morphology(rac),and EAS production(easA),resulted in a uridine auxotrophic mutant,a mutant with a drastically different phenotype in axenic culture,and a mutant that did not produce EAS,respectively.Our ribonucleoprotein-based genome-editing system has a great advantage over conventional and in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 methods for genome editing in C.purpurea,which will greatly facilitate elucidation of the EAS biosynthetic pathway and other future basic and applied research on C.purpurea.

Enhanced Bombyx genome editing via Cas9 ribonucleoprotein injection

Dear Editor, The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has become a popular and powerful method for manipulating genomes with considerably little effort and high efficiency. It allows for the generation of targeted indels, genomic structure variations, and insertion of foreign fragments. However, increasing concerns have been raised about possible off-target effects.

Cloning and characterization of a novel deletion mutant of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M4 from human dendritic cells

To identify differentially expressed genes from antigen-stimulated human dendritic cells (DC), subtractive cloning was adopted and more than ten novel genes differentially expressed were cloned. One is a deletion mutant of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) M4 in which the residues from 159 to 197 of hnRNP M4 have been absent. The deletion mutant was shown to- be co-expressed with hnRNP M4 in cell lines. The mutant was expressed in antigen-stimulated DC but not in normal DC. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of a major hnRNP M4 deletion mutant mRNA transcript of 2.4 kilobase with the highest levels in peripheral lymphocytes, lung, liver and spleen. It was also expressed in bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC), BMSC treated with several cytokines but not in BMSC treated with TNF-a. The results revealed a new member of hnRNP family and suggested that hnRNP would participate in antigen process and presentation.

Overexpression of c-Myc-dependent heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in NOTCH1-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Background: NOTCH1 mutation is an essential molecular biologic aberration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL patients withNOTCH1 mutation have shown an unfavorable survival and a poor response to chemoimmunotherapy. This study aims to present the mechanisms of adverse prognosis caused byNOTCH1 mutation from the perspective of the splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1).Methods: The microarray data in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were analyzed by bioinformatics and the function of hnRNPA1 was checked by testing the proliferation and apoptosis of CLL-like cell lines. Afterward, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were applied to explore the relationship among NOTCH1, c-Myc, and hnRNPA1.Results: RNA splicing was found to play a vital part inNOTCH1-mutated CLL cells;hence, hnRNPA1 was selected as the focus of this study. Higher expression of hnRNPA1 validated in primaryNOTCH1-mutated CLL samples could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in CLL. The expression of hnRNPA1 increased when NOTCH1 signaling was activated by transfection with NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD)-overexpressed adenovirus vector and declined after NOTCH1 signaling was inhibited by NOTCH1-shRNA. Higher expression of c-Myc was observed in NICD-overexpressed cells and hnRNPA1 expression was downregulated after applying c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4. Moreover, in NICD-overexpressed cells, hnRNPA1 expression decreased through c-Myc inhibition.Conclusion: Overexpression of c-Myc-dependent hnRNPA1 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis inNOTCH1- mutated CLL cells, which might partly account for the poor prognosis of patients withNOTCH1 mutation.

抗U1-RNP抗体和抗RNPA/RNP68抗体联合检测在自身免疫性疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨抗U1-核糖核蛋白(RNP)抗体和抗RNPA/RNP68抗体在自身免疫性疾病(AID)诊断中的价值。方法选取2021年10月—2024年3月同济大学附属上海市第四人民医院、上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院AID患者136例[AID组,包括混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)23例、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)49例、干燥综合征(SS)14例、狼疮性肾炎14例、自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)17例、类风湿性关节炎(RA)19例]和非AID患者136例(非AID组),以及健康体检者100名(正常对照组)。采用流式点阵免疫发光法检测所有研究对象抗RNPA/RNP68抗体,采用免疫印迹法检测抗U1-RNP抗体。采用Kappa检验评估不同方法之间的一致性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各项指标诊断AID的效能。结果AID组抗U1-RNP抗体和抗RNPA/RNP68抗体阳性率均高于非AID组和正常对照组(P<0.0167),非AID组2种抗体的阳性率亦高于正常对照组(P<0.0167)。各组抗U1-RNP抗体阳性率与抗RNPA/RNP68抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常对照组2种抗体的一致性较好(Kappa=0.92),AID组的一致性差(Kappa=0.10)。抗U1-RNP抗体、抗RNPA/RNP68抗体联合检测(2种抗体均阳性)诊断AID的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.80,高于单项检测(0.70、0.73)(P<0.01)。对于MCTD、SLE,抗U1-RNP抗体、抗RNPA/RNP68抗体联合检测的AUC分别为0.81、0.75,均高于抗U1-RNP抗体单项检测(AUC分别为0.73、0.70)(P<0.01);且2种抗体联合检测诊断SLE的AUC高于抗RNPA/RNP68抗体单项检测(0.67)(P<0.01)。对于狼疮性肾炎,抗U1-RNP抗体和抗RNPA/RNP68抗体联合检测的AUC为0.52,低于2种抗体单项检测的AUC(0.62、0.69)(P<0.05)。对于SS,抗RNPA/RNP68抗体单项检测的AUC为0.72,高于抗U1-RNP抗体单项检测(0.51)(P<0.05)。抗U1-RNP抗体、抗RNPA/RNP68抗体单项检测和联合检测诊断其他AID的AUC差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论抗U1-RNP抗体对诊断狼疮性肾炎、RNPA/RNP68抗体对诊断SS具有较高的效能;2种抗体联合检测可提高对SLE和MCTD的诊断效能。

Novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis mediates the Warburg effect and proliferation of colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1(hnRNPA1)has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer(CC)cell proliferation,but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in CC have not yet been elucidated.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of a novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in enhancing the Warburg effect and promoting CC cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway.METHODS Paraffin-embedded pathological sections from 220 CC patients were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of hnRNPA1-b.The relationship between the expression values and the clinicopathological features of the patients was investigated.Differences in mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,while differences in protein expression were analyzed using western blot.Cell proliferation was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assays,and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometric assays.The targeted binding of miR-490-3p to hnRNPA1-b was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay.The Warburg effect was evaluated by glucose uptake and lactic acid production assays.RESULTS The expression of hnRNPA1-b was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells compared to normal controls(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significant variations in the expression of the hnRNPA1-b antigen in different stages of CC,including stage I,II-III,and IV.Furthermore,the clinicopathologic characterization revealed a significant correlation between hnRNPA1-b expression and clinical stage as well as T classification.HnRNPA1-b was found to enhance the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT pathway,thereby promoting proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells.However,the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells was inhibited when miR-490-3p targeted and bound to hnRNPA1-b,effectively blocking the Warburg effect.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis could provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of CC.

不同CRISPR-Cas12f系统的编辑效率比较

来自Type V-F家族的CRISPR/Cas12f蛋白报道仅为Cas9蛋白分子的1/4到1/3大小,在病毒载体的递送上具有重要优势。然而,CRISPR/Cas12f系统介导植物基因编辑的报道较少,编辑活性相对较低,限制了该系统在植物上的进一步应用。本研究分别在体外酶切、酵母以及玉米原生质体瞬时表达3个体系中比较了OsCas12f、SpCas12f及UnCas12f的编辑活性。结果表明,基于Cas12f/sgRNA的体外酶切,OsCas12f与SpCas12f蛋白的编辑活性相当,未检测到UnCas12f对底物酶切活性;在酵母突变eGFP的恢复表达试验中,OsCas12f在2个测试位点对eGFP蛋白的表达恢复效率达到95%以上,效率与Cas12i.3相当;SpCas12f介导的2个位点eGFP蛋白表达恢复效率分别是1.63%与3.20%,效果次之;UnCas12f蛋白几乎无编辑活性;玉米原生质体瞬时表达比较OsCas12f和SpCas12f介导的玉米内源位点的编辑效率,发现OsCas12f对2个位点的编辑效率分别为2.72%和1.97%,而SpCas12f仅能介导其中1个位点的定点编辑,编辑效率为1.09%。Cas12f蛋白在靶位点处引入的突变类型以碱基的缺失为主,缺失碱基长度在-9~-17 bp之间。综上,OsCas12f可以作为植物微型基因编辑器及衍生技术开发的底盘工具酶。

禾谷镰刀菌异质核糖核蛋白FGSG_07478功能研究

[目的]异质核糖核蛋白(heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins,hnRNP)是一类RNA结合蛋白,在RNA代谢的各个方面发挥着重要作用。将目前已注释的镰刀菌hnRNP G在禾谷镰刀菌基因组中进行比对,得到其同源蛋白FGSG_07478。本研究旨在考察该蛋白在禾谷镰刀菌生长发育、抵抗逆境、产毒和致病等方面的作用。[方法]基于同源重组原理和聚乙二醇(PEG)介导的原生质体转化方法,获得FGSG_07478基因敲除突变体ΔFGSG_07478,观察测定其在营养生长、无性繁殖、有性生殖、抵抗逆境中的变化,同时进行小麦胚芽鞘接种试验验证其致病力。通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测ΔFGSG_07478产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的能力,并利用RT-qPCR检测野生型菌株PH-1和突变菌株ΔFGSG_07478中参与DON生物合成的7个TRI基因的相对表达量。[结果]突变菌株ΔFGSG_07478的生长速率较野生型菌株PH-1慢16.2%,产孢量降低43.4%;有性生殖诱导结果显示ΔFGSG_07478的有性生殖能力减弱,较野生型产生更少的子囊壳。胁迫因子敏感性测定结果显示,ΔFGSG_07478对H_(2)O_(2)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)等胁迫因子的敏感性显著增加,对刚果红的抗性显著增加。此外,与野生型相比,虽然致病力无明显差异,ΔFGSG_07478的DON生物合成量显著减少,TRI4、TRI5、TRI6、TRI8、TRI10、TRI12和TRI101等基因表达水平显著降低。[结论]FGSG_07478在禾谷镰刀菌的生长发育、有性生殖、逆境胁迫以及产毒过程中发挥着重要作用。

AU富集元件结合因子1(AUF1)在肝细胞癌中的表达及预后评估价值

目的探究AU富集元件RNA结合蛋白1(AUF1)对肝癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移能力的影响及可能机制,阐明AUF1在肝细胞癌(HCC)进展中发挥的作用及分子机制。方法利用UALCAN和TCGA-HCC数据库分析AUF1在泛癌中的表达以及AUF1表达水平与HCC患者临床病理学特征和预后的相关性;利用CCK-8、细胞凋亡、Transwell小室迁移等实验在细胞水平探究AUF1的功能;利用RNA-seq分析AUF1敲减后肝癌细胞转录组变化。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验,Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验评估生存率差异。结果相较于正常组织,AUF1的mRNA和蛋白水平在多种肿瘤组织中呈异常表达(P值均<0.05)。AUF1的mRNA水平与HCC恶性程度以及早期肝癌的不良预后呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。与对照组相比,过表达外源AUF1促进肝癌细胞的增殖、抑制肝癌细胞的凋亡及迁移。而AUF1敲减则抑制肝癌细胞增殖、促进肝癌细胞凋亡及迁移。RNA-seq分析发现,AUF1敲减主要影响Wnt/β-cateinin通路,并下调β-catenin蛋白水平。结论AUF1的异常表达与早期肝癌的预后有关,AUF1的促癌作用可能与其激活Wnt信号通路有关。

重楼皂苷Ⅵ通过调控SNRPD1抑制肝癌细胞增殖的机制研究

目的探讨重楼皂苷Ⅵ通过调控小核核糖核蛋白D1(SNRPD1)抑制肝癌细胞增殖的作用机制。方法①21只雄性裸鼠,采用皮下注射人肝癌Huh7细胞建立裸鼠肝癌移植瘤模型。裸鼠随机分为模型组(药物溶剂)、5 mg/kg重楼皂苷Ⅵ组、10 mg/kg重楼皂苷Ⅵ组,每组7只。连续腹腔注射给予相应干预10 d,观察各组裸鼠瘤体体积变化。②将人肝癌Huh7和JHH7细胞分为对照组和重楼皂苷Ⅵ组,采用重楼皂苷Ⅵ(0~15μmol/L)给予相应干预后,用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法和克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞周期情况,Western blot法和实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)法检测SNRPD1、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK4)蛋白和基因的表达情况。采用分子对接技术预测重楼皂苷Ⅵ和SNRPD1蛋白的潜在靶向结合情况。结果①与模型组比较,10 mg/kg重楼皂苷Ⅵ能抑制Huh7细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长(P<0.05)。②与对照组比较,重楼皂苷Ⅵ能抑制人肝癌Huh7和JHH7细胞的增殖(P<0.05)、细胞克隆形成(P<0.05)及诱导细胞周期的阻滞(P<0.05)。分子对接结果显示,重楼皂苷Ⅵ潜在靶向SNRPD1蛋白;Western blot和RT⁃qPCR结果显示,与对照组比较,重楼皂苷Ⅵ可以下调SNRPD1的蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),但不能下调SNRPD1 mRNA表达水平(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,重楼皂苷Ⅵ能下调SNRPD1的下游细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1和CDK4的表达水平(P<0.05)。结论重楼皂苷Ⅵ可能通过调控SNRPD1发挥抗肝癌作用。

AGPS在神经胶质瘤细胞中的相互作用蛋白及作用模式

目的探讨胶质瘤细胞(U251细胞)中癌基因烷基甘油酮磷酸合酶(AGPS)的相互作用蛋白及作用模式。方法常规培养U251细胞并随机分为对照组、shR-AGPS-1组、shR-AGPS-2组,分别加入阴性对照慢病毒和不同沉默水平的AGPS shRNA慢病毒,用Western blotting法检测AGPS蛋白表达以验证沉默效率。通过免疫共沉淀技术和质谱技术鉴定AGPS相互作用的蛋白,用Western blotting法进行验证;用计算机模拟技术进行相互作用蛋白的同源模建并推测二者相互作用模式。结果与对照组比较,shR-AGPS-1组、shR-AGPS-2组AGPS表达低(P均<0.05),且shR-AGPS-1组AGPS表达低于shR-AGPS-2组(P<0.05)。将筛选获得的数据进行整理,初步判断不均一核糖核蛋白K(HNRNPK)为AGPS的靶蛋白。在AGPS抗体免疫共沉淀的细胞裂解物中可同时检测到AGPS蛋白、HNRNPK蛋白,表明AGPS与HNRNPK可形成复合体,二者均在细胞核中表达。计算机模拟结果显示AGPS和HNRNPK通过氨基酸残基以氢键和共轭、疏水键和静电力形式相互作用。结论胶质瘤细胞中HNRNPK是AGPS的相互作用蛋白,氢键和共轭、疏水键和静电力相互作用可能是其主要的作用模式。

基于HNRNPA2B1及其调控miRNAs构建肺腺癌TP53突变人群的预后模型

目的基于癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库多组学数据构建肺腺癌TP53突变人群的预后模型,探讨核内不均一核糖核蛋白A2/B1(HNRNPA2B1)与肺腺癌TP53突变之间的相关性。方法通过生物信息学方法搜集TCGA和基因表达数据库(GEO)中的突变数据,分析TP53突变对肺腺癌病人HNRNPA2B1表达及预后的影响;将病人随机分为训练集和验证集(7∶3),筛选潜在的受HNRNPA2B1调控的miRNAs构建模型、绘制ROC曲线,并通过列线图可视化。结果HNRNPA2B1在TP53突变肺腺癌中显著高表达(P<0.001),且高表达病人预后不良(P=0.031)。筛选出9个受HNRNPA2B1调控且与预后相关的miRNAs构建预后模型,结果表明列线图对预后模型具有较好的区分度和准确度(χ^(2)=9.443,P=0.306)。结论HNRNPA2B1与肺腺癌TP53突变存在正相关,基于HNRNPA2B1调控的miRNAs可建立预测TP53突变肺腺癌病人预后的良好模型。

HNRNPF促进前列腺癌的增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的研究核不均一核糖核蛋白F(heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins F,HNRNPF)在前列腺癌中的表达、临床相关性及其对前列腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。方法使用TCGA和GEO数据库分析HNRNPF在前列腺癌中的表达特征、免疫浸润特征及其与前列腺癌患者临床病理特征的相关性。使用RNA干扰在前列腺癌细胞PC-3和DU145中沉默HNRNPF基因,使用CCK-8、EdU和集落形成实验检测细胞增殖能力的改变,使用Transwell和划痕愈合实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭能力的改变。结果相比正常前列腺组织,HNRNPF在前列腺癌组织中的表达量显著升高。HNRNPF的表达量与前列腺癌患者的T分期、Gleason评分、前列腺特异性抗原以及多种免疫细胞的浸润水平显著相关。HNRNPF高表达的患者总生存期和疾病特异性生存期较短。沉默HNRNPF基因显著抑制了PC-3和DU145细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力。结论HNRNPF是一个在前列腺癌中高表达的基因,具有显著临床相关性,且能够促进前列腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。