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Diffusion and reaction mechanism of limestone and quartz in fluxed iron ore pellet roasting process 被引量:1
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作者 Yufeng Guo Jinlai Zhang +5 位作者 Shuai Wang Jianjun Fan Haokun Li Feng Chen Kuo Liu Lingzhi Yang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期485-497,共13页
The increase to the proportion of fluxed pellets in the blast furnace burden is a useful way to reduce the carbon emissions in the ironmaking process.In this study,the interaction between calcium carbonate and iron or... The increase to the proportion of fluxed pellets in the blast furnace burden is a useful way to reduce the carbon emissions in the ironmaking process.In this study,the interaction between calcium carbonate and iron ore powder and the mineralization mechanism of fluxed iron ore pellet in the roasting process were investigated through diffusion couple experiments.Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the elements’diffusion and phase transformation during the roasting process.The results indicated that limestone decomposed into calcium oxide,and magnetite was oxidized to hematite at the early stage of preheating.With the increase in roasting temperature,the diffusion rate of Fe and Ca was obviously accelerated,while the diffusion rate of Si was relatively slow.The order of magnitude of interdiffusion coefficient of Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO diffusion couple was 10^(−10) m^(2)·s^(−1) at a roasting temperature of 1200℃for 9 h.Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) was the initial product in the Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2) diffusion interface,and then Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) continued to react with Fe_(2)O_(3) to form CaFe_(2)O_(4).With the expansion of the diffusion region,the sillico-ferrite of calcium liquid phase was produced due to the melting of SiO_(2) into CaFe_(2)O_(4),which can strengthen the consolidation of fluxed pellets.Furthermore,andradite would be formed around a small part of quartz particles,which is also conducive to the consolidation of fluxed pellets.In addition,the principle diagram of limestone and quartz diffusion reaction in the process of fluxed pellet roasting was discussed. 展开更多
关键词 fluxed iron ore pellet LIMESTONE HEMATITE QUARTZ diffusion reaction
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Exponential Time Differencing Method for a Reaction-Diffusion System with Free Boundary
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作者 Shuang Liu Xinfeng Liu 《Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation》 EI 2024年第1期354-371,共18页
For reaction-diffusion equations in irregular domains with moving boundaries,the numerical stability constraints from the reaction and diffusion terms often require very restricted time step sizes,while complex geomet... For reaction-diffusion equations in irregular domains with moving boundaries,the numerical stability constraints from the reaction and diffusion terms often require very restricted time step sizes,while complex geometries may lead to difficulties in the accuracy when discretizing the high-order derivatives on grid points near the boundary.It is very challenging to design numerical methods that can efficiently and accurately handle both difficulties.Applying an implicit scheme may be able to remove the stability constraints on the time step,however,it usually requires solving a large global system of nonlinear equations for each time step,and the computational cost could be significant.Integration factor(IF)or exponential time differencing(ETD)methods are one of the popular methods for temporal partial differential equations(PDEs)among many other methods.In our paper,we couple ETD methods with an embedded boundary method to solve a system of reaction-diffusion equations with complex geometries.In particular,we rewrite all ETD schemes into a linear combination of specificФ-functions and apply one state-of-the-art algorithm to compute the matrix-vector multiplications,which offers significant computational advantages with adaptive Krylov subspaces.In addition,we extend this method by incorporating the level set method to solve the free boundary problem.The accuracy,stability,and efficiency of the developed method are demonstrated by numerical examples. 展开更多
关键词 reaction diffusion equations Free boundary Integrating factor method Level set method
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Interface Reaction of SiO_2/Ta and Its Influence on Cu Diffusion 被引量:1
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作者 龙世兵 马纪东 +4 位作者 于广华 赵洪辰 朱逢吾 张国海 夏洋 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第10期1046-1050,共5页
Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decompos... Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique.The results show that there is a thermodynamically favorable reaction at the SiO_2/Ta interface:37Ta+15SiO_2=5Ta_5Si_3+6Ta_2O_5.The more stable products Ta_5Si_3 and Ta_2O_5 may be beneficial to stop the diffusion of Cu into SiO_2. 展开更多
关键词 copper interconnection in ULSI diffusion barrier interface reaction X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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GAN与Diffusion在传统纹样设计中的实验研究
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作者 李莉 毛子晗 +2 位作者 吕思奇 袁晨旭 彭玉旭 《丝绸》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期9-22,共14页
传统纹样是中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,传统人工设计已经无法满足纹样的现代设计需求,生成式AI为传统纹样设计提供了新的设计路径和方法。文章将生成式AI应用于传统纹样设计中,通过适配实验优选基于GAN的Style GAN和基于Diffusion... 传统纹样是中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,传统人工设计已经无法满足纹样的现代设计需求,生成式AI为传统纹样设计提供了新的设计路径和方法。文章将生成式AI应用于传统纹样设计中,通过适配实验优选基于GAN的Style GAN和基于Diffusion的Stable Diffusion两种主流图像生成模型进行实验,采用技术分析与艺术分析相结合,对实验结果进行多角度、多维度对比分析,为设计师选择生成设计方法提供参照。实验结果表明,两个模型均能满足基本的艺术设计需求。Style GAN模型生成的纹样图像更接近真实图像的分布,具有更高的图像质量和多样性;Stable Diffusion模型能较好地传承传统纹样的基因,艺术性与创造性兼具,更加符合传统纹样的艺术设计需求。 展开更多
关键词 GAN diffusion 传统纹样 评价指标 对比分析 实验研究
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Approximate Solution of Non-Linear Reaction Diffusion Equations in Homogeneous Processes Coupled to Electrode Reactions for CE Mechanism at a Spherical Electrode 被引量:2
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作者 A. Eswari S. Usha L. Rajendran 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2011年第2期93-103,共11页
A mathematical model of CE reaction schemes under first or pseudo-first order conditions with different diffusion coefficients at a spherical electrode under non-steady-state conditions is described. The model is base... A mathematical model of CE reaction schemes under first or pseudo-first order conditions with different diffusion coefficients at a spherical electrode under non-steady-state conditions is described. The model is based on non-stationary diffusion equation containing a non-linear reaction term. This paper presents the complex numerical method (Homotopy perturbation method) to solve the system of non-linear differential equation that describes the homogeneous processes coupled to electrode reaction. In this paper the approximate analytical expressions of the non-steady-state concentrations and current at spherical electrodes for homogeneous reactions mechanisms are derived for all values of the reaction diffusion parameters. These approximate results are compared with the available analytical results and are found to be in good agreement. 展开更多
关键词 NON-LINEAR reaction/diffusion Equation HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION Method CE Mechanism Reduction of Order SPHERICAL ELECTRODES
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THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTION FOR THE SINGULARLY PERTURBED INITIAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS OF THE REACTION DIFFUSION EQUATIONS IN A PART OF DOMAIN
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作者 刘其林 莫嘉琪 《应用数学和力学》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2001年第10期1075-1080,共6页
A class of singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the reaction diffusion equations in a part of domain are considered. Using the operator theory the asymptotic behavior of solution for the problems i... A class of singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the reaction diffusion equations in a part of domain are considered. Using the operator theory the asymptotic behavior of solution for the problems is studied. 展开更多
关键词 奇摄动 反应扩散方程 初始边值问题 算子理论 渐近性态
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基于Stable Diffusion的虚拟人形象预设计的应用与研究 被引量:2
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作者 曾建勇 沈晓萍 《现代信息科技》 2024年第3期169-175,共7页
对当前AIGC在虚拟形象预设计方面的现状及影响进行了分析和探讨。以Stable Diffusion为例,详细介绍了工程构建和实现,对相关模块的作用、运行环境、使用方法及其指令等多个方面进行了综合叙述、分析和探讨,针对使用不同采样方法、不同... 对当前AIGC在虚拟形象预设计方面的现状及影响进行了分析和探讨。以Stable Diffusion为例,详细介绍了工程构建和实现,对相关模块的作用、运行环境、使用方法及其指令等多个方面进行了综合叙述、分析和探讨,针对使用不同采样方法、不同采样参数及不同训练模型生成图片效果的优劣进行了说明及展示。随后,通过项目实例,完整地展示了人物形象预设计的过程。最后,对AIGC等新技术可能带来的社会影响进行了预测和总结。 展开更多
关键词 AI生成内容 Stable diffusion 生成对抗网络 提示词 虚拟人形象
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THE NONLINEAR SINGULARLY PERTURBED PROBLEMS FOR REACTION DIFFUSION EQUATIONS WITH TIME DELAY 被引量:31
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作者 莫嘉琪 冯茂春 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2001年第2期254-258,共5页
A class of nonlinear for singularly perturbed problems for reaction diffusion equations with time delays are considered. Under suitable conditions, using theory of differential inequalities the asymptotic behavior of ... A class of nonlinear for singularly perturbed problems for reaction diffusion equations with time delays are considered. Under suitable conditions, using theory of differential inequalities the asymptotic behavior of solution for the initial boundary value problems are studied. 展开更多
关键词 reaction diffusion singular perturbation nonlinear systems
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A CLASS OF NONLINEAR SINGULARLY PERTURBED PROBLEMS FOR REACTION DIFFUSION EQUATIONS 被引量:10
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作者 莫嘉琪 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2003年第3期377-385,共9页
A class of nonlinear singularly perturbed problems for reaction diffusion equations are considered. Under suitable conditions, by using the theory of differential inequalities, the asymptotic behavior of solutions for... A class of nonlinear singularly perturbed problems for reaction diffusion equations are considered. Under suitable conditions, by using the theory of differential inequalities, the asymptotic behavior of solutions for the initial boundary value problems are studied, reduced problems of which possess two intersecting solutions. 展开更多
关键词 NONLINEAR reaction diffusion equation singular perturbation
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THE SINGULARLY PERTURBED NONLOCAL REACTION DIFFUSION SYSTEM 被引量:11
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作者 莫嘉琪 韩祥临 陈松林 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2002年第4期549-556,共8页
In this paper the singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the nonlocal reaction diffusion system are considered. Unsing the iteration method and the comparison theorem, the existence, uniqueness and i... In this paper the singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the nonlocal reaction diffusion system are considered. Unsing the iteration method and the comparison theorem, the existence, uniqueness and its asymptotic behavior of solution for the problem are studied. 展开更多
关键词 reaction diffusion system singular perturbation initial boundary value problem
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THE NONLINEAR NONLOCAL SINGULARLY PERTURBED PROBLEMS FOR REACTION DIFFUSION EQUATIONS 被引量:8
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作者 莫嘉琪 朱江 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2003年第5期527-531,共5页
A class of nonlinear nonlocal for singularly perturbed Robin initial boundary value problems for reaction diffusion equations is considered. Under suitable conditions, firstly, the outer solution of the original probl... A class of nonlinear nonlocal for singularly perturbed Robin initial boundary value problems for reaction diffusion equations is considered. Under suitable conditions, firstly, the outer solution of the original problem is obtained, secondly, using the stretched variable, the composing expansion method and the expanding theory of power series the initial layer is constructed, finally, using the theory of differential inequalities the asymptotic behavior of solution for the initial boundary value problems are studied and educing some relational inequalities the existence and uniqueness of solution for the original problem and the uniformly valid asymptotic estimation is discussed. 展开更多
关键词 NONLINEAR reaction diffusion singular perturbation
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ASYMPTOTIC METHOD OF TRAVELLING WAVE SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF NONLINEAR REACTION DIFFUSION EQUATION 被引量:9
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作者 莫嘉琪 张伟江 何铭 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2007年第4期777-780,共4页
In this article the travelling wave solution for a class of nonlinear reaction diffusion problems are considered. Using the homotopic method and the theory of travelling wave transform, the approximate solution for th... In this article the travelling wave solution for a class of nonlinear reaction diffusion problems are considered. Using the homotopic method and the theory of travelling wave transform, the approximate solution for the corresponding problem is obtained. 展开更多
关键词 Travelling wave solution homotopic method of solution reaction diffusion
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Singular perturbation for the weakly nonlinear reaction diffusion equation with boundary perturbation 被引量:6
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作者 MO Jia-qi 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2008年第8期1105-1110,共6页
In this paper, a class of nonlinear singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for reaction diffusion equations with boundary perturbation are considered under suitable conditions. Firstly, by dint of the re... In this paper, a class of nonlinear singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for reaction diffusion equations with boundary perturbation are considered under suitable conditions. Firstly, by dint of the regular perturbation method, the outer solution of the original problem is obtained. Secondly, by using the stretched variable and the expansion theory of power series the initial layer of the solution is constructed. And then, by using the theory of differential inequalities, the asymptotic behavior of the solution for the initial boundary value problems is studied. Finally, using some relational inequalities the existence and uniqueness of solution for the original problem and the uniformly valid asymptotic estimation are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 NONLINEAR reaction diffusion singular perturbation boundary perturbation
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NONLINEAR SINGULARLY PERTURBED PREDATOR-PREY REACTION DIFFUSION SYSTEMS 被引量:5
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作者 MoJiaqi TangRongrong 《Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)》 SCIE CSCD 2004年第1期57-66,共10页
A class of nonlinear predator prey reaction diffusion systems for singularly pe rturbed problems are considered.Under suitable conditions, by using theory of di fferential inequalities the existence and asymptotic be... A class of nonlinear predator prey reaction diffusion systems for singularly pe rturbed problems are considered.Under suitable conditions, by using theory of di fferential inequalities the existence and asymptotic behavior of solution for in itial boundary value problems are studied. 展开更多
关键词 NONLINEAR predator PREY reaction diffusion singular perturbation.
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A CLASS OF SINGULARLY PERTURBED REACTION DIFFUSION SYSTEMS 被引量:6
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作者 莫嘉琪 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 1997年第3期273-277,共5页
A class of singularly perturbed reaction diffusion systems are considered. Under suitable conditions, using the comparison theorem the asymptotic behavior of solution for the initial boundary value problems is studied.
关键词 reaction diffusion singular perturbation comparison theorem
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THE NONLINEAR NONLOCAL SINGULARLY PERTURBED PROBLEMS FOR REACTION DIFFUSION EQUATIONS WITH A BOUNDARY PERTURBATION 被引量:4
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作者 Jingsun Yao Jiaqi Mo 《Analysis in Theory and Applications》 2005年第3期242-248,共7页
The nonlinear nonlocal singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for reaction diffusion equations with a boundary perturbation is considered. Under suitable conditions, the outer solution of the original pr... The nonlinear nonlocal singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for reaction diffusion equations with a boundary perturbation is considered. Under suitable conditions, the outer solution of the original problem is obtained. Using the stretched variable, the composing expansion method and the expanding theory of power series the initial layer is constructed. And then using the theory of differential inequalities the asymptotic behavior of solution for the initial boundary value problems is studied. Finally the existence and uniqueness of solution for the original problem and the uniformly valid asymptotic estimation are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 NONLINEAR reaction diffusion singular perturbation
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Value of multiple models of diffusion-weighted imaging to predict hepatic lymph node metastases in colorectal liver metastases patients 被引量:1
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作者 Hai-Bin Zhu Bo Zhao +3 位作者 Xiao-Ting Li Xiao-Yan Zhang Qian Yao Ying-Shi Sun 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2024年第4期308-317,共10页
BACKGROUND About 10%-31% of colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)patients would concomitantly show hepatic lymph node metastases(LNM),which was considered as sign of poor biological behavior and a relative contraindicatio... BACKGROUND About 10%-31% of colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)patients would concomitantly show hepatic lymph node metastases(LNM),which was considered as sign of poor biological behavior and a relative contraindication for liver resection.Up to now,there’s still lack of reliable preoperative methods to assess the status of hepatic lymph nodes in patients with CRLM,except for pathology examination of lymph node after resection.AIM To compare the ability of mono-exponential,bi-exponential,and stretchedexponential diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)models in distinguishing between benign and malignant hepatic lymph nodes in patients with CRLM who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery.METHODS In this retrospective study,97 CRLM patients with pathologically confirmed hepatic lymph node status underwent magnetic resonance imaging,including DWI with ten b values before and after chemotherapy.Various parameters,such as the apparent diffusion coefficient from the mono-exponential model,and the true diffusion coefficient,the pseudo-diffusion coefficient,and the perfusion fraction derived from the intravoxel incoherent motion model,along with distributed diffusion coefficient(DDC)andαfrom the stretched-exponential model(SEM),were measured.The parameters before and after chemotherapy were compared between positive and negative hepatic lymph node groups.A nomogram was constructed to predict the hepatic lymph node status.The reliability and agreement of the measurements were assessed using the coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient.RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that the pre-treatment DDC value and the short diameter of the largest lymph node after treatment were independent predictors of metastatic hepatic lymph nodes.A nomogram combining these two factors demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing between benign and malignant lymph nodes in CRLM patients,with an area under the curve of 0.873.Furthermore,parameters from SEM showed substantial repeatability.CONCLUSION The developed nomogram,incorporating the pre-treatment DDC and the short axis of the largest lymph node,can be used to predict the presence of hepatic LNM in CRLM patients undergoing chemotherapy before surgery.This nomogram was proven to be more valuable,exhibiting superior diagnostic performance compared to quantitative parameters derived from multiple b values of DWI.The nomogram can serve as a preoperative assessment tool for determining the status of hepatic lymph nodes and aiding in the decision-making process for surgical treatment in CRLM patients. 展开更多
关键词 Colorectal cancer Individualized treatment diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Intravoxel incoherent motion LIVER
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A Class of Nonlinear Nonlocal Singularly Perturbed Reaction Diffusion Systems 被引量:3
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作者 CHEN Lihua 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2008年第1期9-13,共5页
The singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the reaction diffusion system are raised. Firstly, under suitable conditions, using a iteration technique, the differential inequalities theorem is construc... The singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the reaction diffusion system are raised. Firstly, under suitable conditions, using a iteration technique, the differential inequalities theorem is constructed and introducing two auxiliary functions the existence and uniqueness theorem of solution for the basic reaction diffusion system is proved. Using the singularly perturbed method the formal asymptotic expressions of the solution are constructed with power series theory. By using the comparison theorem the existence and its asymptotic behavior of solution for the original problem are studied. Finally, using method of estimate inequalities, the structure of solutions for the problem is discussed thoroughly in three cases and asymptotic solution of the original problem is given. The asymptotic behavior of solution in the three cases is proved. 展开更多
关键词 reaction diffusion system singular perturbation initial boundary value problem
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A high Li-ion diffusion kinetics in multidimensional and compact-structured electrodes via vacuum filtration casting 被引量:1
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作者 Jieqiong Li Ting Ouyang +3 位作者 Lu Liu Shu Jiang Yongchao Huang M.-Sadeeq Balogun 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期368-376,I0010,共10页
Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is ... Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this work,niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode materials were chosen as the model materials and demonstrate that these three parameters can be simultaneously modulated by incorporation of micro-carbon fibers(MCF)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum filtration approach.Both as-prepared MNC-20 anode and MLC-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m A h cm^(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm~2 s~(-1)in the half-cell configuration.The assembled MNC-20‖MLC-20 full cell LIB delivers maximum energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),respectively.The excellent electrochemical properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,mechanical compactness and multidimensional mutual effects of the MCF,CNT and active materials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion kinetics.Furthermore,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),symmetric cells analysis,and insitu Raman techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture. 展开更多
关键词 Thick electrodes Carbon nanotubes Li-ion diffusion co-efficient Vacuum filtration technique High areal capacity Lithium-ion batteries
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Comparison of the interface reaction behaviors of CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) solid-state systems based on the diffusion couple method 被引量:4
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作者 Jing Wen Hongyan Sun +3 位作者 Tao Jiang Bojian Chen Fangfang Li Mengxia Liu 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期834-843,共10页
The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting p... The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese. 展开更多
关键词 solid-state reaction reaction regularity of calcium and vanadium reaction regularity of manganese and vanadium diffusion couple method interface reaction behavior
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