Nonreciprocal Photon Blockade Based on Zeeman Splittings Induced by a Fictitious Magnetic Field

Quantum nonreciprocity, such as nonreciprocal photon blockade, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique applications in quantum information processing. Its implementation primarily relies on rotating nonlinear systems, based on the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose an all-optical approach to achieve nonreciprocal photon blockade in an on-chip microring resonator coupled to a V-type Rb atom, which arises from the Zeeman splittings of the atomic hyperfine sublevels induced by the fictitious magnetic field of a circularly polarized control laser. The system manifests single-photon blockade or multi-photon tunneling when driven from opposite directions. This nonreciprocity results from the directional detunings between the countercirculating probe fields and the V-type atom, which does not require the mechanical rotation and facilitates integration. Our work opens up a new route to achieve on-chip integrable quantum nonreciprocity, enabling applications in chiral quantum technologies.

Reciprocal Distance Laplacian Eigenvalue Distribution Based on Graph Parameters

Let G be a connected graph of order n and m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I denote the number of reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvaluesof G in an interval I.For a given interval I,we mainly present several bounds on m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I in terms of various structuralparameters of the graph G,including vertex-connectivity,independence number and pendant vertices.

GENERALIZED RECIPROCAL THEOREMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Generalized reciprocal theorems of non-coupled and coupled systems, which are valid for two deformed bodies with different constitutive relations are established by generalizing the idea of Betti's reciprocal theorem. When the constitutive relations of the two deformed bodies are all alike and linear elastic the generalized reciprocal theorem of non-coupled systems just becomes Betti's. Meanwhile the generalized reciprocal theorems are applied to simulate calculations in elasticity.

Investigation on Feeding Back Current Reciprocal Oscillographic Chronopotentiometric New Techniques

Reciprocal oscillographic chronopotentiogram is such a curve that can converts incisions on "(dE/dt)-E" oscillogram into peaks on "(dt/dE)-E" curve. In order to increase the sensitivity, a new technique called feeding back current was added in new circuit of obtaining reciprocal oscillgraphic chronopotentiogram. It can make capacity current be subtracted easily. Using this method, we carry out studying on principle and titration of drug.

18,X,Y aneuploidies and transmission electron microscopy studies in spermatozoa from five carriers of different reciprocal translocations

We analysed ejaculated spermatozoa from five infertile men with different balanced reciprocal translocations to contribute to the study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes 18, X and Y and also to evaluate sperm morphology by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） analysis. Conventional lymphocyte karyotype analyses highlighted dif- ferent reciprocal balanced translocations： t（12; 13）, t（4;9）, t（X;8）, t（8; 10） and t（3; 16）. Semen analysis was performed by light and TEM. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed directly on sperm nuclei using centromeric probes for chromosomes 18, X and Y. The carriers of the balanced reciprocal translocations considered in the present study showed a very similar pattern of sperm pathologies： diffused presence of apoptosis and immaturity. All patients showed meiotic segregation derangements, highlighted by the presence of sperm diploidies and sex chromosome disomies particularly related to the failure of the first meiotic division. However, an increased incidence of chromosome 18 aneuploidy was detected in spermatozoa from t（X;8） and t（8;10） carriers. We have also reported values from sex chromosomes such as t（X;8）, although the X chromosome was involved in translocation. Since patients with reciprocal translocations and spermatogenetic impairment are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, the study of sperm parameters, and particularly of the level of aneuploidy rates, would provide better information for couples at risk and would contribute to the data in the literature for a better understanding of the effects of chromosomal rearrangement on the whole meiotic process and, in particular, on chromosomes not involved in translocation.

ON APPROXIMATION BY RECIPROCALS OF POLYNOMIALS WITH POSITIVE COEFFICIENTS IN ORLICZ SPACES

This paper discusses the approximation by reciprocals of polynomials with positive coefficients in Orlicz spaces and proved that if f（x） ∈ L^＊M[0, 1], changes its sign at most once in （0, 1）, then there exists x0 ∈ （0, 1） and a polynomial Pn∈ Fin（＋） such that ｜｜f（x）-x-x0/Pn（x）｜｜M≤Cω（f,n-1/2）M, where Пn（＋） indicates the set of all polynomials of degree n with positive coefficients

Synergistic inhibition of MEK and reciprocal feedback networks for targeted intervention in malignancy

The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway(MAPK signaling pathway) plays a significant role in multiple pathological behaviors and is most frequently dysregulated in more than 30% of human cancers.As key elements in this pathway, MEK1/2 play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and the inhibition of apoptosis, which makes their inhibition an attractive antitumor strategy.Dozens of potent non-ATP-competitive allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitors have been developed that have produced substantial improvement in clinical outcomes over the past decade.However, the efficacy of these agents is limited, and response rates are variable in a wide range of tumors that harbor RAS and RAF mutations due to the development of resistance, which is derived mainly from the persistence of MAPK signaling and increased activation of the mutual feedback networks.Both intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors necessitates the synergistic targeting of both pathways to restore the therapeutic effects of a single agent.In this review, the significant role of the MAPK pathway in carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential are comprehensively examined with a focus on MEK inhibitors.Then, the activation of feedback networks accompanying MEK inhibition is briefly reviewed.Combination strategies that involve the simultaneous inhibition of the original and resistance pathways are highlighted and elaborately described on the basis of the latest research progress.Finally, the obstacles to the development of MEK-related combination systems are discussed in order to lay the groundwork for their clinical application as frontline treatments for individual patients with MAPK-hyperactivated malignancies.

Effects of Reciprocal Recurrent Selection on Grain Yield in Two Tropical-Temperate Maize Synthetic Populations Tuxpeño-Reid and Suwan-Lancaster

Reid, Lancaster, Tuxpeno and Suwan are the most common maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms. Reid × Lancaster and Suwan × Tuxpeno are very important heterotic patterns in temperate areas and tropical areas, respectively. Broadening the genetic basis of maize has usually been conducted in inter-populations formed by crossing temperate and tropical germplasms. Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) is a breeding procedure to improve the inter-populational cross of two base populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of reciprocal recurrent selection on grain yield in the TR (Tuxpeno-Reid) and SL (Suwan-Lancaster) maize populations. The populations and the inter-populational crosses of each selection cycle, as well as two commercial hybrids, were evaluated in four environments. The effect of mean grain yield on TR × SL inter-population crosses was 4.63% (or 0.365 Mg·ha-1) cycle-1. The grain yield of SL increased by 2.78% (or 0.20 Mg·ha-1) cycle-1, but the grain yield of TR essentially did not change. Most changes in other agronomic traits occurred in the desired direction. After 3 selection cycles, the ear tip-barrenness length decreased in TR × SL, TR and SL by 39.70%, 37.50% and 24.57%, respectively, which indicates that the increase in grain yield may be largely due to a decreasing ear tip-barrenness length. The mid-parent heterosis of grain yield of the inter-populational cross increased from 15.49% to 25.96% from C0 to C3. The mean grain yields of TRC3 × SLC3 were 100.01% and 103.88% of the mean grain yields of the commercial single-crosses GD8 and QD16, respectively. The results suggest that Tuxpeno-Reid × Suwan-Lancaster may be possible new heterotic patterns in the southern region of China.

THE METHOD OF THE RECIPROCAL THEOREM OF FORCED VIBRATION FOR THE ELASTIC THIN RECTANGULAR PLATES(Ⅰ)—RECTANGULAR PLATES WITH FOUR CLAMPED EDGES AND WITH THREE CLAMPED EDGES

In this paper the method of the reciprocal theorem (MRT) is extended to solve the steady state responses of rectangular plater under harmonic disturbing forces. A series of the closed solutions of rectangular plates with various boundary conditions are given and the tables and figures which have practical value are provided.MRT is a simple, convenient and general method for solving the steady stale responses of rectangular plates under various harmonic disturbing forces.The paper contains three parts: (I) rectangular plates with four damped edges and with three clamped edges; (II) rectangular plates with two adjacent clamped edges; (III) cantilever plates.We arc going to publish them one after another.

QTL underlying iron and zinc toxicity tolerances at seedling stage revealed by two sets of reciprocal introgression populations of rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Iron and zinc are two trace elements that are essential for rice. But they are toxic at higher concentrations, leading to severe rice yield losses especially in acid soils and inland valleys. In this study, two reciprocal introgression line(IL) populations sharing the same parents were used with high-density SNP bin markers to identify QTL tolerant to iron and zinc toxicities. The results indicated that the japonica variety 02,428 had stronger tolerance to iron and zinc toxicities than the indica variety Minghui 63. Nine and ten QTL contributing to iron and zinc toxicity tolerances,respectively, were identified in the two IL populations. The favorable alleles of most QTL came from 02,428. Among them, q FRRDW2, q ZRRDW3, and q FRSDW11 appeared to be independent of genetic background. The region C11S49–C11S60 on chromosome 11 harbored QTL affecting multiple iron and zinc toxicity tolerance-related traits, indicating partial genetic overlap between the two toxicity tolerances. Our results provide essential information and materials for developing excellent rice cultivars with iron and/or zinc tolerance by marker-assisted selection(MAS).

Assessment of genetic effects on important breeding traits in reciprocal DH populations of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Here we present a study on the genetic effects of agronomic and seed quality traits in double haploid （DH） populations, which were developed by microspore culture from reciprocal F1 hybrids produced between cultivar Californium and DH W-15. Each of the populations consisted of 25 DH lines. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during three growing seasons. Field observations were recorded on seed yield and its structure： the number of branches and pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the 1 000-seed weight, the content of fat in the seeds, and three unsaturated fatty acids （oleic, linoleic, linolenic） in the seed oil. In order to investigate the influence of cross direction on the studied traits, parental effects were evaluated on the basis of differences between reciprocal DH populations. The maternal effect was revealed on the number of seeds per pod and the effect of the paternal form on linolenic acid content. The occurrence of transgression effects also depended on the direction of crossing and this was particularly noticeable in terms of the number of seeds per pod. The use of multivariate statistical methods allowed for the simultaneous characterization and grouping of tested lines in terms of several traits. Graphic images of the distribution of DH lines in the space of the two first canonical variates showed a great variation between the two reciprocal populations, both in terms of yield and its components, as well as fat and those unsaturated fatty acids.

The Series of Reciprocals of Non-central Binomial Coefficients

Utilizing Gamma-Beta function, we can build one series involving reciprocal of non-central binomial coefficients, then We can structure several new series of reciprocals of non-central binomial coefficients by item splitting, these new created denominator of series contain 1 to 4 odd factors of binomial coefficients. As the result of splitting items, some identities of series of numbers values of reciprocals of binomial coefficients are given. The method of splitting terms offered in this paper is a new combinatorial analysis way and elementary method to create new series.

Relaxed Stability Criteria for Delayed Generalized Neural Networks via a Novel Reciprocally Convex Combination

Dear Editor,This letter examines the stability issue of generalized neural networks(GNNs) with time-varying delay based on a novel reciprocally convex combination(RCC). By considering a new matrix polynomial, the proposed novel reciprocally convex method leads to a tight bound for integral inequality combination and encompasses several existing approaches as special cases.

Threshold Selection Method Based on Reciprocal Gray Entropy and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Since the logarithmic form of Shannon entropy has the drawback of undefined value at zero points,and most existing threshold selection methods only depend on the probability information,ignoring the within-class uniformity of gray level,a method of reciprocal gray entropy threshold selection is proposed based on two-dimensional(2-D)histogram region oblique division and artificial bee colony(ABC)optimization.Firstly,the definition of reciprocal gray entropy is introduced.Then on the basis of one-dimensional(1-D)method,2-D threshold selection criterion function based on reciprocal gray entropy with histogram oblique division is derived.To accelerate the progress of searching the optimal threshold,the recently proposed ABC optimization algorithm is adopted.The proposed method not only avoids the undefined value points in Shannon entropy,but also achieves high accuracy and anti-noise performance due to reasonable 2-D histogram region division and the consideration of within-class uniformity of gray level.A large number of experimental results show that,compared with the maximum Shannon entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division and the reciprocal entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division based on niche chaotic mutation particle swarm optimization(NCPSO),the proposed method can achieve better segmentation results and can satisfy the requirement of real-time processing.

Studies on Systems of Lithium and Potassium Halides from Salt Lake and Bittern Resources（V）──The Quaternary Reciprocal System Li￣＋■Br￣－，I￣－－H＿2O and Boundary Ternary System NH＿4Br－NH＿4I－H＿2O at 25℃

he solubilities , refractive indexes of saturated solutions of the quaternary re-ciprocal system Li￣+ , Br￣(-) ,I￣(-)H_(2)O and its boundary ternary system NH_(4)Br-NH_(4)I-H_(2)O at 25℃ have been investigated using isothermal method. In the titleternary system which belongs to Roozeboom Ⅳ type, there are two limited solid so-lutions. Entering into the quaternary system, the region of the solid solutions re-duces and disappears with the increase of Li￣+ , and finally, the quaternary systembecomes a simple system.

Reciprocal Analysis of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes in a Forest Region Using Single Height Temperature and Humidity Based on the Bowen Ratio Concept

Evapotranspiration in forests has been researched for a long time because it serves an important role in water resource issues and biomass production. By applying the reciprocal analysis based on the Bowen ratio concept to the canopy surface, the sum result of sensible and latent heat fluxes, i.e., actual evapotranspiration (ET), is estimated from engineering aspect using the net radiation (Rn) and heat flux into the ground (G). The new method uses air temperature and humidity at a single height by determining the relative humidity (rehs) using the canopy temperature (Ts). The validity of the method is confirmed by the latent heat flux (lE) and sensible heat flux (H) observed by mean of eddy covariance method. The heat imbalance is corrected by multiple regression analysis. The temporal change of lE and H at the canopy surface is clarified using hourly and yearly data. Furthermore, the observed and estimated monthly evapotranspiration of the sites are compared. The research is conducted using hourly data and the validation of the method is conducted using observed covariance at five sites in the world using FLUXNET.

Some New Subclasses of Meromorphically Multivalent Uniformly Reciprocal Starlike Functions Defined by the Generalized Dziok-Srivastava Operator and Its Integral Operator

In this paper, we introduce some new subclasses of meromorphically uniformly reciprocal starlike functions associated with the generalized Dziok-Srivastava operator and its corresponding integral operator defined by subordination. We obtain the inclusion relation, sufficient conditions and raajorization property of the class. Moreover, we point out some new and interesting corollaries of our main result. These results generalize some known results.

Application of the Reciprocal Analysis for Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes with Evapotranspiration at a Humid Region

Evapotranspiration acts an important role in hydrologic cycle and water resources planning. But the estimation issue still remains until nowadays. This research attempts to make clear this problem by the following way. In a humid region, by applying the Bowen ratio concept and optimum procedure on the soil surface, sensible and latent heat fluxes are estimated using net radiation (Rn) and heat flux into the ground (G). The method uses air temperature and humidity at a single height by reciprocally determining the soil surface temperature (Ts) and the relative humidity (rehs). This feature can be remarkably extended to the utilization. The validity of the method is confirmed by comparing of observed and estimated latent (lE) and sensible heat flux (H) using the eddy covariance method. The hourly change of the lE, H, Ts and rehs on the soil surface, yearly change of lE and H and relationship of estimated lE and H versus observed are clarified. Furthermore, monthly evapotranspiration is estimated from the lE. The research was conducted using hourly data of FLUXNET at a site of Japan, three sites of the United States and two sites of Europe in humid regions having over 1000 mm of annual precipitation.

An improved correlation of the pressure drop in stenotic vessels using Lorentz's reciprocal theorem

A mathematical model of the human cardiovascu lar system in conjunction with an accurate lumped model for a stenosis can provide better insights into the pressure wave propagation at pathological conditions. In this study, a the oretical relation between pressure drop and flow rate based on Lorentz＇s reciprocal theorem is derived, which offers an identity to describe the relevance of the geometry and the convective momentum transport to the drag force. A voxel based simulator VFLOW VOF3D, where the vessel geome try is expressed by using volume of fluid （VOF） functions, is employed to find the flow distribution in an idealized steno sis vessel and the identity was validated numerically. It is revealed from the correlation flow in a stenosis vessel can that the pressure drop of NS be decomposed into a linear term caused by Stokes flow with the same boundary condi tions, and two nonlinear terms. Furthermore, the linear term for the pressure drop of Stokes flow can be summarized as a correlation by using a modified equation of lubrication the ory, which gives favorable results compared to the numerical ones. The contribution of the nonlinear terms to the pressure drop was analyzed numerically, and it is found that geomet ric shape and momentum transport are the primary factors for the enhancement of drag force. This work paves a way to simulate the blood flow and pressure propagation under dif ferent stenosis conditions by using 1D mathematical model.

Genome-wide recombination variation in biparental segregating and reciprocal backcross populations provides information for introgression breeding in Brassica napus

Variation in patterns of recombination in plant genomes provides information about species evolution,genetic diversity and crop improvement. We investigated meiotic crossovers generated in biparental segregating and reciprocal backcross populations of the allopolyploid genome of rapeseed(Brassica napus)(AACC, 2n = 38). A structured set of 1445 intercrossed lines was derived from two homozygous de novo genome-assembled parents that represented the major genetic clusters of semi-winter Chinese and winter European rapeseeds, and was used to increase QTL resolution and achieve genomic reciprocal introgression. A high-density genetic map constructed with 6161 genetic bins and anchored centromere regions was used to establish the pattern of recombination variation in each chromosome. Around 93%of the genome contained crossovers at a mean rate of 3.8 c M Mb^(-1), with the remaining 7% attributed to centromeres or low marker density. Recombination hotspots predominated in the A genome, including two-thirds of those associated with breeding introgression from B. rapa. Genetic background might affect recombination variation. Introgression of genetic diversity from European winter to Chinese semi-winter rapeseed showed an increase in crossover rate under the semi-winter environment. Evidence for an elevated recombination rate having historically contributed to selective trait improvement includes accumulation of favorable alleles for seed oil content on hotspots of chromosome A10. Conversely, strong artificial selection may affect recombination rate variation, as appears to be the case with a coldspot resulting from strong selection for glucosinolate alleles on A09. But the cold region would be promptly reactivated by crossing design indicated by the pedigree analysis. Knowledge of recombination hotspots and coldspots associated with QTL for 22 traits can guide selection strategies for introgression breeding between the two gene pools. These results and rich genomic resources broaden our understanding of recombination behavior in allopolyploids and may advance rapeseed genetic improvement.