The laser welding(LW)process of highly reflective materials presents low thermal efficiency and poor stability.To solve the problem,the effects of subatmospheric environment on LW process,technological parameters in s...The laser welding(LW)process of highly reflective materials presents low thermal efficiency and poor stability.To solve the problem,the effects of subatmospheric environment on LW process,technological parameters in subatmospheric environment on weld formation and welding with sinusoidal modulation of laser power on the stability of LW process in subatmospheric environment were explored.The AZ31magnesium(Mg)alloy was used as the test materials.The test result revealed that the weld penetration in subatmospheric environment can increase by more than ten times compared with that under normal pressure.After the keyhole depth greatly rises,significantly periodic local bulge is observed on the backwall surface of the keyhole and the position of the bulge shifts along the direction of the keyhole depth.Eventually,the hump-shaped surface morphology of the welded seam is formed;moreover,the weld width in local zones in the lower part of the welded seam remarkably grows.During LW in subatmospheric environment,the weld penetration can be further greatly increased through power modulation.Besides,power modulation can inhibit the occurrence of bulges in local zones on the backwall of the keyhole during LW in subatmospheric environment,thus further curbing the significant growth of the weld widths of hump-shaped welding beads and local zones in the lower part of welded seams.Finally,the mechanism of synchronously improving the thermal efficiency and stability of LW process of highly reflective materials through power modulation in subatmospheric environment was illustrated.This was conducted according to theoretical analysis of recoil pressure and observation results of dynamic behaviors of laser induced plasma clouds and keyholes in the molten pool through high speed photography.展开更多
Directional modulation is one of the hot topics in data security researches.To fulfill the requirements of communication security in wireless environment with multiple paths,this study takes into account the factors o...Directional modulation is one of the hot topics in data security researches.To fulfill the requirements of communication security in wireless environment with multiple paths,this study takes into account the factors of reflections and antenna radiation pattern for directional modulation.Unlike other previous works,a novel multiple-reflection model,which is more realistic and complex than simplified two-ray reflection models,is proposed based on two reflectors.Another focus is a quantum genetic algorithm applied to optimize antenna excitation in a phased directional modulation antenna array.The quantum approach has strengths in convergence speed and the globe searching ability for the complicated model with the large-size antenna array and multiple paths.From this,a phased directional modulation transmission system can be optimized as regards communication safety and improve performance based on the constraint of the pattern of the antenna array.Our work can spur applications of the quantum evolutionary algorithm in directional modulation technology,which is also studied.展开更多
Cholesteric liquid crystals（CLCs） have recently sparked an enormous amount of interest in the development of soft matter materials due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architec...Cholesteric liquid crystals（CLCs） have recently sparked an enormous amount of interest in the development of soft matter materials due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architecture and their excellent selective reflection of light based on the Bragg relationship.Nowadays,by the virtue of building the self-organized nanostructures with pitch gradient or non-uniform pitch distribution,extensive work has already been performed to obtain CLC films with a broad reflection band.Based on authors＇ many years＇ research experience,this critical review systematically summarizes the physical and optical background of the CLCs with broadband reflection characteristics,methods to obtain broadband reflection of CLCs,as well as the application in the field of intelligent optical modulation materials.Combined with the research status and the advantages in the field,the important basic and applied scientific problems in the research direction are also introduced.展开更多
对双主动全桥DAB(dual active bridge)双向DC/DC变换器的调制方案进行了研究,DAB变换器的主要优势在于具有对称结构、双向潮流能力、宽软开关区域和灵活的控制能力等特点。控制这种拓扑结构最简单的方法是通过控制变换器原副边全桥之间...对双主动全桥DAB(dual active bridge)双向DC/DC变换器的调制方案进行了研究,DAB变换器的主要优势在于具有对称结构、双向潮流能力、宽软开关区域和灵活的控制能力等特点。控制这种拓扑结构最简单的方法是通过控制变换器原副边全桥之间的移相角来控制功率传输的方向和大小。然而在轻载条件下,当变换器的输入或输出电压变化较大时,会产生大量的无功功率,同时部分开关管的零电压开关ZVS(zero voltage switching)操作会丢失而直接导致转换效率变低。因此,为了提高DAB变换器的效率,提出了一种混合单移相调制PSM(phase shift modulation)方案,在保持控制简单的基础上,通过减小电感电流有效值,扩大软开关的范围,提高了变换器的效率。首先,通过让拓展移相EPS(extended phase shift)、双移相DPS(dual phase shift)以及三移相TPS(triple phase shift)调制方案中的可控变量相等,从而形成了4种不同的PSM方案。接着,对这些调制方案进行了稳态特征的比较分析,包括传输功率容量、电感电流水平以及软开关性能等。在此基础上,提出了一种混合PSM方案。最后,通过搭建实验平台验证了所提出调制方案的有效性和正确性。展开更多
The quantum fluctuation of photon counting limits the field application of optical time domain reflection. A method of photon counts modulation optics time domain reflection with single photon detection at 1.55 μm is...The quantum fluctuation of photon counting limits the field application of optical time domain reflection. A method of photon counts modulation optics time domain reflection with single photon detection at 1.55 μm is presented. The influence of quantum fluctuation can be effectively controlled by demodulation technology since quantum fluctuation shows a uniform distribution in the frequency domain. Combined with the changing of the integration time of the lock-in amplifier, the signal to noise ratio is significantly enhanced. Accordingly the signal to noise improvement ratio reaches 31.7 dB compared with the direct photon counting measurement.展开更多
The photo-corrosion of electrodeposited polycrystalline CdSe electrode was inhibited effectively by coating a thin layer of the conductive polyaniline （PAN） film. The relation between the performance and internal ba...The photo-corrosion of electrodeposited polycrystalline CdSe electrode was inhibited effectively by coating a thin layer of the conductive polyaniline （PAN） film. The relation between the performance and internal band structure of such film-covered PAN/CdSe electrode was studied by the electrochemical modulation reflectance spectrum （EMRS）. EMRS of both CdSe and PAN/CdSe electrodes in K4Fe（CN）6/K3Fe（CN）6 solution exhibited typical France-Keidysh oscillations, by which the values of the energy gap and flat band potential were determined. The EMRS results indicated that the energy band structure of CdSe electrode was not changed after coated with PAN film, so that the photoelectrochemical characteristic of PAN/CdSe electrode was rather similar to that of CdSe electrode.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.52005393,51275391)National Thousand Talents Program of China(Grant No.WQ2017610446)。
文摘The laser welding(LW)process of highly reflective materials presents low thermal efficiency and poor stability.To solve the problem,the effects of subatmospheric environment on LW process,technological parameters in subatmospheric environment on weld formation and welding with sinusoidal modulation of laser power on the stability of LW process in subatmospheric environment were explored.The AZ31magnesium(Mg)alloy was used as the test materials.The test result revealed that the weld penetration in subatmospheric environment can increase by more than ten times compared with that under normal pressure.After the keyhole depth greatly rises,significantly periodic local bulge is observed on the backwall surface of the keyhole and the position of the bulge shifts along the direction of the keyhole depth.Eventually,the hump-shaped surface morphology of the welded seam is formed;moreover,the weld width in local zones in the lower part of the welded seam remarkably grows.During LW in subatmospheric environment,the weld penetration can be further greatly increased through power modulation.Besides,power modulation can inhibit the occurrence of bulges in local zones on the backwall of the keyhole during LW in subatmospheric environment,thus further curbing the significant growth of the weld widths of hump-shaped welding beads and local zones in the lower part of welded seams.Finally,the mechanism of synchronously improving the thermal efficiency and stability of LW process of highly reflective materials through power modulation in subatmospheric environment was illustrated.This was conducted according to theoretical analysis of recoil pressure and observation results of dynamic behaviors of laser induced plasma clouds and keyholes in the molten pool through high speed photography.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC(Grant Nos.61671087,61962009 and 61003287)the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation(Grant No.131067)+3 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Guizhou Province(Grant No.20183001)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(Grant No.2018BDKFJJ018)the High-quality and Cutting-edge Disciplines Construction Project for Universities in Beijing(Internet Information,Communication University of China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2019XD-A02,328201915,328201917 and 328201916).
文摘Directional modulation is one of the hot topics in data security researches.To fulfill the requirements of communication security in wireless environment with multiple paths,this study takes into account the factors of reflections and antenna radiation pattern for directional modulation.Unlike other previous works,a novel multiple-reflection model,which is more realistic and complex than simplified two-ray reflection models,is proposed based on two reflectors.Another focus is a quantum genetic algorithm applied to optimize antenna excitation in a phased directional modulation antenna array.The quantum approach has strengths in convergence speed and the globe searching ability for the complicated model with the large-size antenna array and multiple paths.From this,a phased directional modulation transmission system can be optimized as regards communication safety and improve performance based on the constraint of the pattern of the antenna array.Our work can spur applications of the quantum evolutionary algorithm in directional modulation technology,which is also studied.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51573006,51573003,51203003,51303008,51302006,51402006,51272026,and 51273022)the Major Project of Beijing Science and Technology Program,China(Grant Nos.Z151100003315023 and Z141100003814011)the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation,China(Grant No.142009)
文摘Cholesteric liquid crystals（CLCs） have recently sparked an enormous amount of interest in the development of soft matter materials due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architecture and their excellent selective reflection of light based on the Bragg relationship.Nowadays,by the virtue of building the self-organized nanostructures with pitch gradient or non-uniform pitch distribution,extensive work has already been performed to obtain CLC films with a broad reflection band.Based on authors＇ many years＇ research experience,this critical review systematically summarizes the physical and optical background of the CLCs with broadband reflection characteristics,methods to obtain broadband reflection of CLCs,as well as the application in the field of intelligent optical modulation materials.Combined with the research status and the advantages in the field,the important basic and applied scientific problems in the research direction are also introduced.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10674086 and 10934004)the National Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Research Team (Grant No. 60821004)+2 种基金the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB923103)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2009AA01Z319)the Program for Top Science and Technology Innovation Teams and Top Young and Middleaged Innovative Talents of Shanxi Province
文摘The quantum fluctuation of photon counting limits the field application of optical time domain reflection. A method of photon counts modulation optics time domain reflection with single photon detection at 1.55 μm is presented. The influence of quantum fluctuation can be effectively controlled by demodulation technology since quantum fluctuation shows a uniform distribution in the frequency domain. Combined with the changing of the integration time of the lock-in amplifier, the signal to noise ratio is significantly enhanced. Accordingly the signal to noise improvement ratio reaches 31.7 dB compared with the direct photon counting measurement.
文摘The photo-corrosion of electrodeposited polycrystalline CdSe electrode was inhibited effectively by coating a thin layer of the conductive polyaniline （PAN） film. The relation between the performance and internal band structure of such film-covered PAN/CdSe electrode was studied by the electrochemical modulation reflectance spectrum （EMRS）. EMRS of both CdSe and PAN/CdSe electrodes in K4Fe（CN）6/K3Fe（CN）6 solution exhibited typical France-Keidysh oscillations, by which the values of the energy gap and flat band potential were determined. The EMRS results indicated that the energy band structure of CdSe electrode was not changed after coated with PAN film, so that the photoelectrochemical characteristic of PAN/CdSe electrode was rather similar to that of CdSe electrode.
