The Realization of Common Prosperity through Relative Poverty Alleviation:Gradient Development and Optimization

Relative poverty alleviation is explicitly consistent with common prosperity.Relative poverty alleviation,which is part of the modernization of national governance capacity,is both an objective requirement of effective poverty alleviation and an inevitable approach to the realization of common prosperity.The alleviation of relative poverty and the realization of common prosperity are intrinsically coupled because they feature overlapping time sequences,monistic values,superimposed fields,similar systems,and homogeneous elements.The relationship between the two is essentially symbiotic,coexistent,and synergistic.Consequently,how to effectively alleviate relative poverty and build a dynamic long-term mechanism for relative poverty alleviation will be one of the major challenges for China to tackle before it can make more obvious and substantial progress toward common prosperity for all by 2035.This paper proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions,which mainly concern the building of a dynamic,multi-dimensional mechanism for relative poverty alleviation and a coordinated mode for the two missions.The aim is to achieve a balanced integration of the academic logic,social logic,and policy logic.

Multidimensional Relative Poverty of Farmers in Tibetan Areas - Based on a Data Analysis on Micro Surveys

In 2020,the issue of absolute poverty has been solved,and China is building a well-off society in an all-round way.The issue of relative poverty is an important content of poverty reduction.Based on a survey data from Danba County in October 2020,this paper uses the AF method to calculate the incidence of multidimensional poverty and the multidimensional poverty index.The results showed that 44.65%of the farmers have multidimensional deprivation of any three indicators of relative poverty,and 2.79%of the farmers have serious multidimensional deprivation;the incidence of one-dimensional poverty in terms of“educational level index of head of household,”“per capita non-transfer income of households in 2019,”and“per capita household income in 2019”is the highest;at the same time,the contribution rate of the three indicators to the multidimensional poverty index is also higher than other indicators.Therefore,several suggestions have been put forward to alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty in the region from the aspects of industry development and education.

Identification and alleviation pathways of multidimensional poverty and relative poverty in counties of China

To realize efficient and sustainable poverty alleviation,this study firstly investigated the identification of multidimensional poverty and relative poverty,and then explored relevant poverty alleviation pathways.Poverty levels in 31 provinces including the autonomous regions and municipalities of China were identified at the county level using the average nighttime light index(ANLI),county multidimensional development index(CMDI),and a method combining multidimensional poverty index and relative poverty standards.Poverty alleviation pathways for poverty-stricken counties were explored from the aspects of industry,education,tourism and agriculture.The results revealed that nearly 60% of counties in China were primarily under relative poverty,most of which were corresponded to light relative poverty.In terms of ANLI and CMDI,63% and 79% of the national poverty-stricken counties,as of 2018,could be identified,suggesting that CMDI had a higher performance for identifying poverty at the county level.In terms of poverty alleviation pathways,414,172,442,and 298 poverty-stricken counties were receptive to industry poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,tourism poverty alleviation,and agriculture poverty alleviation,and 61%of counties had more poverty-causing factors,implying that multidimensional poverty alleviation is suitable in most of the counties.

Analyzing multidimensional measures of poverty and their influences in China's Qinba Mountains

We use the Alkire–Foster poverty measure and decomposition method to study multidimensional poverty in the Qinling–Daba contiguous poor area of China's Henan Province.We examine absolute,relative,and multidimensional poverty focusing on heads of household and family characteristics as constituents of escaping each.We find that the multidimensional poverty index declines to a low level as values of k increase.Combining first-order random dominance with second-order stochastic dominance quickly determines rankings in the multidimensional poverty index.Increasing non-agricultural income emerges as the most important influence on escaping rural poverty,whereas households with elderly and children are at greatest risk for falling into poverty.

CCT and Rural Long-Term Poverty Reduction:International Experiences and China’s Practice

China’s anti-poverty strategy in the post-2020 era will focus on reducing chronic poverty and alleviating relative poverty.As a common international approach for long-term multidimensional poverty reduction,conditional cash transfer(CCT)payments reduce current poverty,prevent future poverty,and improve income distribution by providing poor households with cash allowances and promoting children’s human capital accumulation.For such reasons,CCT serves as an anti-poverty policy instrument worth referencing for China.This paper systematically reviewed the theoretical basis and development journey of CCT,the short-term and long-term implementation effects,as well as the decision-making basis,design and potential limitations.In this paper,we have further analyzed the poverty-reducing effects and problems of China’s rural public transfer payment policies in the current stage and discussed the achievements and inadequacies of China’s ongoing CCT pilot programs.Results indicate that the further development of CCT in China calls for a combination top-down and bottom-up policy-making approaches in project design and implementation,as well as an evolving poverty governance system complementary with other relevant policies.

我国相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院现况

目的分析我国相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院现况,以便发现问题并提出有针对性的改进建议。方法自行设计调查表,收集相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院的相关信息并进行描述性分析。结果相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院的各类卫生技术人员数低于全国平均水平,编制数低于规定标准且编外用工较多。注册全科医师、中医执业(助理)医师、公共卫生执业(助理)医师、妇产科执业医师、外科执业医师配备不足;中级及以上职称和大学本科及以上学历的执业助理医师及注册护士占比较低;设施设备配备量及服务量低于全国平均水平。结论相对贫困地区乡镇卫生院的人力资源数量和质量均有待进一步提升。应加大财政投入,确保编制人数达到相应标准,落实乡镇卫生院标准化建设。

Decomposition Analysis of Poverty Reduction in Rural China:2007-2018

Using the last three waves of the rural household surveys conducted by the Chinese Household Income Project in 2007,2013,and 2018,this paper focuses on changes in poverty in rural China.The paper decomposes poverty change into the growth effect and the inequality effect,and also decomposes the contributions of income components,concentrating particularly on income from public transfers.Economic growth had a very significant poverty reduction effect for both absolute and relative poverty,but the inequality effect mostly offset it;in total,absolute poverty reduced significantly,and relative poverty increased from 2007 to 2018.Local wage income became the main contributor to both absolute and relative poverty reduction,replacing household agricultural operational income,and the contribution of wage income from migration declined.Public transfers effectively reduced absolute poverty but not relative poverty.

Issues Relating to Forestry and the Mitigation of Poverty

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