Effect of Chinese Herbal Feed Additive on Meat Quality of Rex Rabbit

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for population and application of Chinese herbal feed additive in the rex rabbit breeding. [ Methyl] 108 weaned -rex rabbits aged 40 days were divided into three groups with thirty -six each group. Group A were fed basal diet, while group B were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.3% Chinese herbal feed additive and group C were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.4% Chinese herbal feed additive. The meat quality indexes were measured when feeding to 150 age in days. [ Result] There was significant difference among pH value, water loss rate, storing loss rate and crude protein content in each group （P〈0.05）, but no significant difference was found in tenderness, cooking percentage, moisture content and crude fat content （ P 〉 0.05）. The total content of ami- no acids, essential amino acids and semi essential amino acids as well as main delicious amino acids was highest in group C accounting for 23.84%, 11.47% and 8.32% respectively, next came group B accounting for 20.94%, 10.64% and 6.81% respectively, and lowest in group C （ control group） accounting for 19.06%, 9.61% and 6.46% respectively. [ Conclusion] The Chinese herbal feed additive can improve meat quality of rex rabbit the best addition of 0.4%.

Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O_(123) from Rex Rabbit on White Mice

[Objective]The paper was to analyze the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli O123 from rex rabbit. [Method]E. coli O123 isolated from rabbit liver with diarrhea symptom in scale rex rabbit farm was intraperitoneally injected into 18- 22 g Kunming mice,and its pathogenicity was determined by clinical symptoms and pathological examination. [Result]When the inoculation concentration was about 8. 5 × 107 CFU /mL,Kunming mice appeared the clinical symptoms of drooping spirit,diarrhea and gathering,and the mortality reached 50%. Anatomical examination found that intestinal wall was thinning and intestinal mucosa was bleeding. [Conclusion]E. coli from rex rabbit has strong pathogenicity,and establishing animal model with Kunming mice to study its pathogenesis is of great reference significance for diagnosis and prevention of E. coli disease of rex rabbit.

Effects of Diets with Different Corn-to-Soybean Ratios on Performance of Lactational Rex Rabbits

[ Objective] To study the effects of diets with different com-to-soybean ratios on production performance of lactational Rex rabbits and select the best feed formula. [Method] A total of 80 lactational healthy Rex rabbits （similar age, body weight and delivery time） were randomly divided into five groups, 16 in each group. The Rex rabbits in group I were fed with corn-based meal diet, group II with soybean-based meal diet, group III with the developed corn-soybean meal diet, group IV with corn-soybean meal free diet, and group CK with conventional corn-soybean meal diet. During the lactation period, the changes in the lactation performance, growth rate of baby rabbits, weight and feed costs were observed. [ Result] The lactation performance of mother rabbits and the growth rate of baby rabbits in the experimental groups were similar to that in the control group. The weaning survival rate of the group III was the highest, but it was not significantly higher than that of the control group. The weaning survival rate of the other three groups was lower than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. The weight loss of mother rabbits in the group I, II and III was not significantly different from that of the control group, but the weight loss of the group IV was higher than that of the control group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] Diets with appropriate corn-to-soybean ratios not only reduce feed costs but also give the best feeding effects.

Gene Expression Patterns in Different Wool Densities of Rex Rabbit Using cDNA Microarray

This study was carried out to identify gene expression patterns in different wool densities of rex rabbit. The mid-dorsal skin samples from 8 rex rabbits were studied. They were divided into two groups according to different wool densities. Total RNA was isolated and labeled by reverse transcription reaction with Cy5-dCTP and Cy3-dCTP for cDNA probe. The cDNA probe was hybridized with cDNA microarrays containing 14 601 rabbit’s genes. The differently expressed genes were analysed with the Gene Ontology （GO） classification and the pathway analysis. Hierarchical clustering was performed to clarify genes in association with different wool densities. The 2 657 differentially expressed genes were identified. Among them, 1 103 genes were functionally known genes, 687 genes were up-regulated and 419 were down-regulated. GO analysis indicated that these altered genes were associated with metabolism, signal transduction, cell cycle, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell division, apoptosis, and other processes. KEGG analysis showed that 95 signal pathways associated with up-regulated genes and 87 signal pathways associated with down-regulated genes had changed significantly （P0.05）. Some important differentially expressed genes in different wool densities of rex rabbit were identified, such as MMP2, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, IGF-1, ITGB1, RPS6KB1, BMP2, ActRIIB, CDK2, and CCNA2. Hierarchical clustering analysis separated the differentially expressed genes into 5 main characteristic groups. Data from cDNA microarray experiments clearly distinguished between group A and group B. Some important genes were identified, which might be useful in further study on wool density markers of rex rabbit.

Differential Expression of CCNA2 Gene and MMP2 Gene in Skin Tissue of Rex Rabbit with Different Fur Densities

[ Objective] The paper was to search for the molecular marker highly associated with fur density of rex rabbit. [ Method ] Experimental rex rabbits were divided into dense fur group and sparse fur group. The variation rule of gene expression in skin tissue of rex rabbits with different fur densities was detected using rabbit whole gene cDNA microarray. [ Result] A total of 2 657 genes with differential expression were detected by microarray test, including 1 106 genes with known function, 687 genes with up-regulated expression and 419 genes with down-regulated expression. The expression levels of multiple genes involving in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration had significant changes. MMP2 gene had high expression in skin tissue of rex rabbits in dense fur group, which was 8. 195 times of gene expression in sparse fur group ; CCNA2 gene had low expression in skin tissue of rex rabbit in dense fur group, which was 0. 143 times of gene expression in spaarse fur group. [ Conclusion ] The results provide the theoretical basis and research direction for early breeding of rex rabbit in practical production.

Phenotypic and Genetic Characteristics of a Bordetella hinzii Isolated from a Rex Rabbit

A Bordetella hinzii strain, isolated from the lung of a dead breast-feeding infant rex rabbit with a respiratory infection, was used as study object to investigate its phenotypic and genetic characteristics. The strain could grow on MacConkey agar and was gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, short rodshaped, and it can produce alkali from malonate. Its 6S rRNA sequence was partially identical with B. hinzii （AF177667）. Animal experiments revealed nasal mucous hyperemia, tracheal congestion and bronchopneumonia in 28-day old rex rabbits. To sum up, this Bordetella hinzii isolate was deemed as a novel causative agent of respiratory disease in rex rabbit.

Effects of Different Feed Additives on Fur Production Performance of Rex Rabbit

[ Objectivel To investigate the effects of three different levels of feed additives on fur production performance of Rex rabbit. [ Method] A total of 60 healthy American strain Rex rabbits at the age of 60 d （female：male =1：1 ） were randomly divided into group I, group II and group III. The Rex rabbits in the group I were fed basal diet containing nutritional substances; those in the group II were fed basal diet containing nutdtionai substances and Chinese herbal additive; and those in the group III were fed basal diet containing nutritional substances, Chinese herbal additive and enzyme. The trial lasted for 100 d. After slaughtering, the fur area, fur thickness, wool density, wool fineness and coarse wool rate were determined. [Result] The fur production performance of group III was significantly higher than that of group I （ P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group III and group II. [ Conclusion] Supplementing Chinese herbal additive and enzyme in diet can improve the fur production performance of Rex rabbit.

Pyridoxine regulates hair follicle development via the PI3K/Akt, Wnt and Notch signalling pathways in rex rabbits

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pyridoxine on the development of hair follicles in Rex rabbits and the underlying molecular mechanism.Two hundred 3-month-old Rex rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed diets supplemented with 0,5,10,20,or 40 mg/kg pyridoxine.The hair follicle density on the dorsal skin and the gene and protein expression levels of components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K)/protein kinase B(PKB or Akt),Wnt,Notch and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signalling pathways were measured.In addition,free hair follicles were isolated from Rex rabbits and cultured with pyridoxine in vitro to measure hair shaft growth.Furthermore,dermal papilla cells(DPC)were isolated from the skin of Rex rabbits and cultured with pyridoxine in vitro to measure the gene and protein expression levels of components of the PI3 K/Akt,Wnt,Notch and BMP signalling pathways.The results showed that the addition of dietary pyridoxine significantly increased the total follicle density,secondary follicle density,and secondary-to-primary ratio(S/P,P<0.05),that the growth ratio of hair stems was promoted by pyridoxine in basic culture medium,and that the growth length of tentacle hair follicles cultured in the pyridoxine group was longer than that in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,pyridoxine changed the DPC cycle progression and promoted cell proliferation,and appropriate concentrations of pyridoxine(10 and 20μmol/L)significantly inhibited cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Pyridoxine significantly affected the gene expression of components of the PI3 K/Akt,Wnt and Notch signalling pathways in the skin and DPC of Rex rabbits(P<0.05),increased the levels of phosphorylated catenin beta 1(CTNNB1)and Akt,and decreased the level of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3β)(P<0.05).Therefore,the molecular mechanism by which pyridoxine promotes hair follicle density in Rex rabbits probably occurs through activation of the PI3 K/Akt,Wnt and Notch signalling pathways,prolonging hair follicle growth and delaying the onset of telogen.

Thickness Method for Measuring Hair Density of Rex Rabbit

[Objective] The paper was to characterize hair density by changes in hair thickness under certain pressure.[Method] Tile effects of weight of thickness tester and wafer urea at the hottom of presser foot on measurement results were studied, and the optimal measuring weight and wafer diameter was determined. The measurement results of hair thickness under the ahove condition were compared with the results of manual counting. Meanwhile, the effects of hair length and hair fineness on hair density were analyzed.[Result] The hair density obtained by manual count- ing had consistent change trend with the hair thickness measured under certain conditions. If the length and fineness of hairs were introduced for modification, the correlation between hair thickness and hair density would be better. There were little changes in hair length and finelless of rex rabbit, and their effects on hair thickness could be ignored under general condition. [Conclusion] It is completely feasible to characterize hair den- sity of rex rabbit by hair thickness under pressure.

川白獭兔保种选育报告

川白獭兔是国家遗传资源委员会在2015年审定通过的我国第一个獭兔新品种,经过8年来(2016—2023年)的保种选育,其繁殖性能、生长发育及毛皮品质性能稳定,主要参数指标与川白獭兔品种审定时基本保持一致,部分指标参数有所提高。

饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、血清抗氧化指标及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、血清抗氧化指标及养分表观消化率的影响,以确定饲料桑作为非常规饲料纤维源在川白獭兔饲粮中的适宜添加比例。试验选取35日龄、健康状况良好、体重相近以及遗传背景相似的川白獭兔150只(公母各占1/2),随机分为5组,每组30个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加6%、12%、18%和24%饲料桑。预试期7 d,正试期32 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔终末体重和平均日增重均无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,各试验组平均日采食量均显著降低(P<0.05),但各试验组间无显著差异(P>0.05);6%和24%添加组料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)川白獭兔全净膛率和半净膛率随着饲料桑添加比例的提高呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势。与对照组相比,各试验组全净膛率和半净膛率均无显著差异(P>0.05),但24%添加组全净膛率和半净膛率显著高于18%添加组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,12%添加组脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05);12%组心脏指数显著高于6%添加组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔肌肉滴水损失率和熟肉率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但能显著提高肌肉粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),显著降低肌肉粗脂肪含量(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,24%添加组川白獭兔血清总抗氧化能力显著提高(P<0.05),各试验组血清过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),12%、18%和24%添加组血清总胆汁酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。5)各养分表观消化率随着饲料桑添加比例的提高总体呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。与对照组相比,12%添加组干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和粗灰分表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加不同比例全株饲料桑对川白獭兔生长性能和屠宰性能无不良影响,但可提高肌肉粗蛋白质含量,降低肌肉粗脂肪含量;饲粮中添加适宜比例全株饲料桑可提高川白獭兔抗氧化能力和养分表观消化率;在本试验条件下,川白獭兔饲粮中全株饲料桑适宜添加比例为12%。

反复冻融过程中川白獭兔肉品质及风味物质的变化

为了探究反复冻融对川白獭兔肉品质及风味物质的影响,对不同冻融次数下样品的pH值、色差、硫代巴比妥酸值(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactant,TBARS)、质构、持水力(Water Holding Capacity,WHC)、总巯基含量(-SH)、羰基含量(CV)以及挥发性风味物质进行测定。结果显示,随着冻融次数增加,川白獭兔肉中粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量分别减少6.71%、2.76%,L^(*)、b^(*)值显著增加,a^(*)值显著减小,pH值由6.25下降至5.39,持水力下降,质构发生劣变;TBARS值由0.16 mg/kg升至0.65 mg/kg、CV含量上升了64.37%,肌原纤维蛋白溶解度下降了35.85%、-SH含量降低下降了60.59%;獭兔肉在反复冻融过程中共检测出挥发性风味物质共149种,经主成分分析得到3个主成分,累积贡献率达80.37%;经差异挥发物判别分析显示,烃类、醛类、醇类、酮类、酸类为主要差异风味物质,其中己醛在冻融后期含量增加,说明反复冻融促进蛋白和脂肪发生氧化,进而导致獭兔肉品质和风味发生劣变;综合各指标表明实际生产中应将獭兔肉冻融次数控制在3次及以内。研究结果为川白獭兔肉的贮藏品质控制提供了理论依据。

川白獭兔和伊拉兔行为、血清生化指标和盲肠微生物菌群的比较研究

【目的】比较川白獭兔和伊拉兔行为、血清生化指标和盲肠微生物菌群的差异,并探讨行为与盲肠微生物菌群之间的潜在联系。【方法】选取健康状况良好的35日龄雄性断奶川白獭兔和伊拉兔各72只,各分为24个重复,每个重复3只兔。预饲期7d,正试期33d,试验共持续40d。宰前24h,观察川白獭兔和伊拉兔的行为。在75日龄时,进行强直不动性行为测试、新物体试验和旷场试验。将75日龄的川白獭兔和伊拉兔进行屠宰,采集血样测定血清生化指标,并采集盲肠内容物测定微生物组。【结果】川白獭兔躺、闻嗅和食粪行为频率显著高于伊拉兔(P<0.05),坐、社交行为和啃咬笼具行为频率显著低于伊拉兔(P<0.05)。川白獭兔躺和食粪行为持续时间显著长于伊拉兔(P<0.05),进食、坐和啃咬笼具行为持续时间显著短于伊拉兔(P<0.05)。川白獭兔和伊拉兔强直不动性试验和新物体试验差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在旷场试验中,川白獭兔静止不动时间、后腿直立次数显著高于伊拉兔(P<0.05),但探索时间显著低于伊拉兔(P<0.05)。在血清生化方面,川白獭兔组的血清葡萄糖含量显著低于伊拉兔(P<0.05)。川白獭兔和伊拉兔盲肠微生物Alpha多样性差异不显著(P>0.05),厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为两个兔品种的优势菌门,拟杆菌门与食粪行为时长呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】与伊拉兔相比,川白獭兔血清葡萄糖浓度较低,此外,川白獭兔啃咬笼具行为频率低、持续时间短,提示川白獭兔的刻板行为少。

日粮中锌、铜、锰和硒对生长獭兔生产性能及生化指标的影响

选用吉戎-Ⅱ生长獭兔随机分组,各组日粮中分别添加锌、铜、锰和硒,其中锌的添加量为0、40、80、120 m g/kg,硒为0、0.1、0.25、0.4、0.55、0.7 m g/kg,锰为0、5、15、25、35、45 m g/kg,铜为0、10、20、40、80、160 m g/kg。结果表明,4种元素均能影响生长獭兔的生长性能。试验所选相关酶CuZn-SOD、GPX、M n-SOD、CP的活性能较好地反映此4种元素在獭兔体内的代谢状况。肾脏、肝脏中Zn和Se的沉积量能较好地反映饲粮Zn和Se在獭兔体内的沉积情况。胫骨和被毛中锰浓度则可以作为评价锰吸收利用率的敏感指标。综合各项指标得出,吉戎-Ⅱ獭兔日粮中锰、锌、铜、硒的适宜添加量分别为35、80、40、0.25 m g/kg。

含硫氨基酸对獭兔生长及被毛发育的影响

本试验旨在通过测定生长及被毛发育相关指标,确定蛋氨酸及半胱氨酸在獭兔饲粮中的最优添加水平,并了解它们在影响獭兔生长及被毛发育方面的相互关系。选择同天出生的仔獭兔294只,以窝为单位随机分为7组,每组7个重复,每个重复6只。对照组獭兔饲喂基础饲粮(含半胱氨酸0.23%、蛋氨酸0.24%),试验组獭兔分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.10%、0.25%和0.40%半胱氨酸或蛋氨酸的试验饲粮。饲养周期为初生到151日龄。结果表明:饲粮中添加含硫氨基酸提高了獭兔的150日龄体重及平均日增重,0.25%、0.40%组与对照组相比存在显著差异(P<0.05)。随着含硫氨基酸添加水平的增加,獭兔的料重比表现为下降的趋势(P>0.05),平均日采食量则表现为上升的趋势(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,0.25%和0.40%组换毛完成率和被毛密度显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),但0.25%与0.40%组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从92日龄和151日龄被毛评分来看,獭兔被毛品质随含硫氨基酸添加水平的增加仅表现出提高的趋势,组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。上述各指标在蛋氨酸与半胱氨酸各对应水平间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。通过生长曲线拟合分析,在2种含硫氨基酸的添加水平内,添加水平仅改变獭兔的最大生长速度,而对成年体重的影响不大。由此得出,蛋氨酸与半胱氨酸对獭兔生长与被毛发育均具有促进作用,均以0.25%添加水平为最优,且促进效果几乎同等,等量半胱氨酸可以完全代替蛋氨酸。但是,仅通过添加含硫氨基酸不能显著地改变獭兔的表观被毛品质。

苜蓿草粉对獭兔消化率及饲用效果的影响

为探讨紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草粉对獭兔饲用价值的影响,选取体重相近的56日龄獭兔108只,分别测定苜蓿草粉(alfalfa meal,AM)、玉米(Zea mays)秸秆(corn stalk,CS)和大豆(Glycine max)秸秆(soybean straw,SS)单一饲喂时的消化率,3种粗饲料源配制的配合饲料中各种营养物质的消化率,以及不同水平AM对獭兔胴体与毛皮品质的影响。结果表明:AM与CS和SS具有相似的粗饲料价值;AM对配合饲料粗蛋白质利用率的影响低于SS和CS;50%的AM有利于提高獭兔的屠宰率、肌肉系水力与毛皮强度。因此,AM优于CS和SS,饲喂50%的AM有利于獭兔商品价值的改善。

枯草芽孢杆菌和复合酶制剂对獭兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数及毛皮质量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和复合酶制剂对獭兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数及毛皮质量的影响。采用单因子设计,选取体重相近的健康42日龄獭兔126只,随机分为3组,每组42个重复,每个重复1只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+300 mg/kg金霉素,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+200 mg/kg复合酶制剂,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮+400 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+400 mg/kg复合酶制剂。预试期5 d,正试期41 d。结果表明:1)各组之间獭兔的末重、平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、腹泻率和死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05),腹泻率和死亡率均以试验Ⅰ组最低。2)对照组獭兔的粗纤维表观消化率极显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),对照组和试验Ⅱ组獭兔的钙表观消化率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。各组之间獭兔的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、磷、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组之间獭兔的宰前活重、胴体重、半净膛率和全净膛率无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)各组之间獭兔的胸腺指数、脾脏指数和圆小囊指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)对照组和试验Ⅰ组獭兔的臀部被毛密度极显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01),对照组和试验Ⅰ组獭兔的肩部被毛密度显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05);对照组獭兔的腹部被毛密度极显著低于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组极显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。对照组獭兔的臀部皮张厚度极显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和复合酶制剂对獭兔生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数无显著影响,对粗纤维和钙表观消化率及被毛密度、臀部皮张厚度有显著影响。综合考虑以上指标,獭兔饲粮中添加200 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+200 mg/kg复合酶制剂效果较好。

日粮能量水平对断奶至3月龄獭兔生长发育、消化代谢、血液生化和盲肠发酵的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮不同能量水平对断奶至3月龄獭兔生长性能、营养物质消化代谢、血液生化参数和盲肠发酵的影响。选用断奶獭兔200只,随机分成5组,每组40个重复,饲喂5种不同消化能水平的日粮(9.46、9.97、10.46、10.94、11.43MJ.kg-1),预试期7d,正试期53d。通过动物饲养试验、消化代谢试验和屠宰试验对獭兔的各项指标进行研究。结果表明,在初始体质量无显著差异的情况下,平均日采食量随日粮消化能水平的提高极显著降低(P<0.01),日粮能量水平对料重比影响显著(P<0.05),其中10.46MJ.kg-1组最小;随日粮消化能水平的增加,食入氮极显著降低(P<0.01),粪氮排出显著降低(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对DE/GE和ME/GE影响显著(P<0.05),其中10.46MJ.kg-1组的DE/GE和ME/GE最高;日粮能量水平对血清中胰岛素浓度影响显著(P<0.05);盲肠氨氮浓度和丙酸比例随日粮能量水平的增加而显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05),乙酸比例和乙丙酸比随日粮能量水平的增加而显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,断奶至3月龄獭兔的适宜日粮消化能水平为10.46MJ.kg-1。

不同被毛密度獭兔皮肤差异表达基因的研究

本研究旨在筛选4日龄不同被毛密度獭兔皮肤的差异表达基因。采用Agilent公司家兔全基因表达谱芯片对4日龄不同被毛密度獭兔皮肤组织进行差异基因筛选,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法对部分差异显著基因进行验证。试验共筛选出188个差异基因,与低被毛密度獭兔相比,高被毛密度獭兔皮中表达上调基因72个,其中包含24个已知功能基因,表达下调基因116个,其中包含38个已知功能基因。GO(Gene ontology)分类显示,大部分差异基因参与细胞增殖、凋亡、氧化还原、脂代谢分解等生命过程。KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路分析显示,差异基因主要参与Wnt信号通路、PPAR信号通路、维生素合成与代谢途径等。荧光定量PCR结果与基因芯片结果基本吻合,证实基因芯片结果可靠。结果表明,差异倍数较大的差异基因,像胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP2)可能与獭兔被毛的形成有关;Wnt信号通路、PPAR信号通路等,以及维生素合成与代谢途径等也可能参与被毛的发育过程。

单宁酸对生长獭兔毛皮品质、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究单宁酸对生长獭兔毛皮品质、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响。选取55日龄体重相近的健康獭兔150只(公母各占1/2),随机分为5组,每组30只:对照组饲喂不添单宁酸的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%单宁酸的试验饲粮,预试期5 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加单宁酸未对獭兔的被毛密度、绒毛细度、粗毛率和皮张重量产生显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,各试验组獭兔的被毛长度有不同程度的增加,其中添加0.10%单宁酸组的被毛长度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各试验组獭兔的皮张面积均有所减小,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。4)各试验组獭兔的皮板厚度与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)与对照组相比,各试验组獭兔的脾脏指数、胸腺指数和胰腺指数均有所升高,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。6)各试验组獭兔的血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均有所升高,血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均有所降低,其中添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%单宁酸组的血清T-SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加0.15%和0.20%单宁酸组的血清MDA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中添加单宁酸能促进生长獭兔免疫器官的发育,提高机体的抗氧化能力,且不会对毛皮品质产生不良影响。