Pressure Measurements from Five Different Nosebands at Rest, and During Riding at Walk, a Collected Gait, Backing up and a Full Stop

Background: Scientific procedures for addressing noseband fit and tightness, eliminating the risk of excessive and painful tightening, as well as quantitative measurements of pressures under the noseband while riding are either scarce or lacking. Purpose/Aim: To assess simple means of measuring pressure under different nosebands with a view to their adoption as scientific methodology. Method: Horses (n = 7) were fitted with five different bridles (A-E). Pressure distribution and intensity were measured using colour sensitive film (Fujifilm LLLW), assessing the level of pressure and distribution across the surface of the nosebands, as assessed and ranked by independent assessors. A CURO system was also used to measure pressure in real-time under nosebands whilst riding. Results: The colour-sensitive film for D & B were ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively. Regularity of pressure overall showed a statistical difference between nosebands (A & B significantly more unregular than the others). Pressure measurements revealed significantly different means (all P Conclusions: Pressures under nosebands can reach levels that appear capable of inflicting tissue damage, hence bridles and nosebands should be assessed using scientific methodology and not based on arbitrary and subjective criteria, as is currently the case.

Optimum Design of the Control System for a Laser Beam Riding Guidance Anti-Tank Missile

The optimum theory and methods were adopted to design the laser beam riding guidance anti tank missile's control system in the short run. Through building the mathematical model of system, selecting a proper method and taking advantage of computer's high speed calculation and logic traits, an optimal controller was designed. Simulation results showed that the designed control system has fair performance and it satisfies the tactical and technical requirements. The results also demonstrate that by the combination of the optimizing methods and the computer the control system could be designed as soon as possible.

Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans

Background:Large numbers of post-deployment U.S.veterans are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and/or traumatic brain injury(TBI),leading to an urgent need for effective interventions to reduce symptoms and increase veterans’coping.PTSD includes anxiety,flashbacks,and emotional numbing.The symptoms increase health care costs for stress-related illnesses and can make veterans’civilian life difficult.Methods:We used a randomized wait-list controlled design with repeated measures of U.S.military veterans to address our specific aim to test the efficacy of a 6-week therapeutic horseback riding(THR)program for decreasing PTSD symptoms and increasing coping self-efficacy,emotion regulation,social and emotional loneliness.Fiftyseven participants were recruited and 29 enrolled in the randomized trial.They were randomly assigned to either the horse riding group(n=15)or a wait-list control group(n=14).The wait-list control group experienced a 6-week waiting period,while the horse riding group began THR.The wait-list control group began riding after 6 weeks of participating in the control group.Demographic and health history information was obtained from all the participants.PTSD symptoms were measured using the standardized PTSD Checklist-Military Version(PCL-M).The PCL-M as well as other instruments including,The Coping Self Efficacy Scale(CSES),The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(DERS)and The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults-short version(SELSA)were used to access different aspects of individual well-being and the PTSD symptoms.Results:Participants had a statistically significant decrease in PTSD scores after 3 weeks of THR(P≤0.01)as well as a statistically and clinically significant decrease after 6 weeks of THR(P≤0.01).Logistic regression showed that participants had a 66.7%likelihood of having lower PTSD scores at 3 weeks and 87.5%likelihood at 6 weeks.Under the generalized linear model(GLM),our ANOVA findings for the coping self-efficacy,emotion regulation,and social and emotional loneliness did not reach statistical significance.The results for coping self-efficacy and emotion regulation trended in the predicted direction.Results for emotional loneliness were opposite the predicted direction.Logistic regression provided validation that outcome effects were caused by riding longer.Conclusion:The findings suggest that THR may be a clinically effective intervention for alleviating PTSD symptoms in military veterans.

Free Riding Inhibition Mechanism Based on User Behavior in P2P File-Sharing System

In order to inhibit Free Riding in Peer-toPeer(P2P) file-sharing systems,the Free Riding Inhibition Mechanism Based on User Behavior(IMBUB) is proposed.IMBUB considers the regularity of user behavior and models user behavior by analyzing many definitions and formulas.In IMBUB,Bandwidth Allocated Ratio,Incentive Mechanism Based on User Online Time,Double Reward Mechanism,Incentive Mechanism of Sharing for Permission and Inhibition Mechanism of White-washing Behavior are put forward to inhibit Free Riding and encourage user sharing.A P2P file system BITShare is designed and realized under the conditions of a campus network environment.The test results show that BITShare's Query Hit Ratio has a significant increase from 22% to 99%,and the sharing process in BITShare is very optimistic.Most users opt to use online time to exchange service quality instead of white-washing behavior,and the real white-ishing ratio in BITShare is lower than 1%.We confirm that IMBUB can effectively inhibit Free Riding behavior in P2P file-sharing systems.

P2P中抑制Free riding行为的激励机制-节点所得税法

由于P2P网络节点的匿名性和贡献资源的自愿性,绝大多数节点缺乏提供服务的积极性,从而引发了P2P网络中的"Free riding"问题。在分析"Free riding"问题的基础上,依据拉弗曲线和美国个税方案,提出了一种基于个人所得税的激励机制(PIIM)。基于"富人多交税,穷人少交税"的思想来实现收入的二次分配,进而实现P2P系统的节点公平性。基于校园网运用的实验表明,该激励机制促进了社会公平,达到了激励节点参与资源共享的目的。

Cubic-BN-Like Structure of B-C-N Films Synthesized by Plasma Source Ion Nitriding

Plasma source ion nitriding has emerged as a low-temperature,low-pressure nitriding approach for implanting nitrogen ions and then diffusing them into bulk materials.The ion-plating B-C films were nitrided to synthesize B-C-N films at a nitriding temperature from 300 to 500℃.The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra analyses showed that the amorphous B-C-N films synthesized at 500℃ are composed mainly of cubic-BN-like and hexagonal-BN-like plain microdomains.The higher nitriding temperature contributes to the formation of cubic-BN-like B-C-N structure in the B-C-N films.

Sensitivity analysis method for increasing the passenger demands of parking and riding

Focused on finding out the relationship between passenger demands of P&R and its influencing factors, a nested-logit mode choice model was developed based on the characteristic of different modes and transfer rules. The utility functions were given respectively according to the characteristic of each alternative. Passenger demands of different modes between O-D pairs were obtained by making use of the binary logit model. Then an equilibrium model for different modes was proposed. Under this condition, the approximate relationship between passenger demands of different modes and their characteristic indexes was modeled by the sensitivity analysis method. Shift volume among different modes was achieved by utilizing this model when their characteristic indexes were changed. A case study indicates that the model and algorithm presented in this paper are effective.

The Effects of Therapeutic Horseback Riding Program on Motor Skills inChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Therapeutic horseback riding(THR)as an animal-assisted intervention is one of the innovative approaches emer-ging in the treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).The current study was designed to inves-tigate the effects of a 12-week,twice a week THR program on motor skills in sixty-eight children with ASD aged 5–10 years old.All participants selected met the DSM-V criteria for ASD,and a total offifty-three participants completed the study.A randomized controlled trial design was utilized for the study.Data was collected via a pre-THR test,interim-THR test,and post-THR test to investigate the possible changes in motor skills throughout the 12-week THR program.Results showed that the THR program significantly improved overall motor skills across time points(p<0.05)and sub-skills of run,gallop and two-hand catch(as compared to the control group,p<0.05).In conclusion,the THR program may be an effective option for improving motor skills in children with ASD and further investigation with a longer period of intervention is warranted.

Determining the characteristics of the initial fixed-focus of laser beam riding guidance information field

Determining characteristics of the initial fixed-focus are a key technique for the design of laser beam riding guidance missile. Through analyzing the effects of the initial cone information field in guidance and control system of missile, those effects are considered as an approximate lead com- pensation network. The position and time of guidance spot initial fixed-focus can be designed. This method is applied to determine the characteristics of the initial fixed-focus of laser information field for a laser beam guidance gun-launched missile. The results of design and simulation show that the initial cone information field apparently speeds up convergence on the initial trajectory, and provides a guarantee for the implementation of minimum range index of a missile system.

A PEER-TO-PEER INCENTIVE SCHEME FOR OVERCOMING FREE RIDING

Free riding has a great influence on the expandability,robustness and availability of Peer-to-Peer(P2P) network.Controlling free riding has become a hot research issue both in academic and industrial communities.An incentive scheme is proposed to overcoming free riding in P2P network in this paper.According to the behavior and function of nodes,the P2P network is abstracted to be a Distributed and Monitoring-based Hierarchical Structure Mechanism(DMHSM) model.A utility function based on several influencing factors is defined to determine the contribution of peers to the whole system.This paper also introduces reputation and permit mechanism into the scheme to guarantee the Quality of Service(QoS) and to reward or punish peers in the network.Finally,the simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of this model.

Striding Toward Smart Sporting Activity

The prolonged pandemic is presenting China’s sports industry with an unprecedented“cold current,”and at the same time also breeding the integrated development of science and technology and sports.New technical applications have mushroomed in the sports industry.The emerging“smart court”mode hews another novel means for the industry.Stepping onto the smart court,you’ll find the whole court connected with the video monitoring center.The administrator can remotely control the broadcast and lighting without having to enter the site.

Riding the Sea and Chasing the Wave Chinese Ceramics Sold to Europe in the Ming and Qing Dynasties(II)

正Orders from Europe: Features of Chinese Export Porcelain Chinese porcelain was first imported to Europe by Portuguese traders. However, the glossy ware was not supposed to be profitable and was bought as ballast for silk, lacquer ware, spice, and other dearly cargos.

Export 2008':Riding a Tiger Influences of CPI growth and RMB appreciation on Chinese textile export

2007 has already said farewell to us,however,the influences and meditations it brought are still fresh.In the past year, Chinese textile industry has waved through ups and downs:increasing austerity of external environment and adjustment of internal policies seemingly kept squeezing its profit margin,even the living space. But,to everyone’s gratification, many Chinese textile industries survived from diversity and carved out ways through twists and turns.However,while we were ready to breathe for relief,the snow of 2008 once again triggered people’s worries,and the continuing CPI growth as well as RMB appreciation circumstance,many export-oriented enterprises,like riding a tiger,are tortured by the idea whether do textile business or not, if do,how.Fortunately, some enterprise began to turn their attention to domestic market and pay more efforts to brand building and technology innovation with intends to develop new markets……

All about riding

如果不曾开始骑车,可能我的生活只有上班、下班、吃饭、睡觉、翻手机。如果不曾开始骑车,可能我体会不到翻山越岭的艰辛和畅快,发现不了大自然的'仙境之美'。如果不曾开始骑车,可能我永远不知道那种方圆几十里没有人烟的孤独滋味。如果不曾开始骑车,我可能理解不了'骑行虐我千百遍,我待骑行如初恋'这句话。如果不曾开始骑车,我永远也无法理解有些疯子就是想往最艰苦、最危险的地方骑车。

Riding on a Green Dream

TAKING a walk along the streets of Hefei, capital city of central Chinas An- hui Province, the chances are you will see a steady stream of new energy ve- hicles made by Jianghuai Automobile Co. Ltd. （JAC）.

Riding High

Polo gives golf a run for its money as the elite sport du jour in China DURING China’s weeklong National Day holiday this October,polo players hailing from all over -South Africa,Argentina, the United States and England -showed off their superb skills in the city of Tianjin,which lies about 140 km southeast of the capital of Beijing.The kicker? They were all under 18- budding sportsmen there to compete in an international

RIDING A TRAIN IN THE SKY

Ashis Chakrabarti travels to Lhasa on a rail track across high mountains and glacial fields that sustain a rare ecosystem and endangered wildlife.

Riding Kenya’s New Train Line

The recently completed Mombasa-Nairobi railway brings a new era of train travel in Kenya.

勇骑独轮车

Where should you look when you are riding a unicycle?Do you like to ride a bicycle?Riding a bicycle is not only a fun activity,but it's also great exercise.Lots of people ride bicycles,but not many people ride unicycles.What is a unicycle?