Definite Answer for Riemann Hypothesis Zeta 3/2 Function Provided by New Material Yb2Si2O7 in Quantum Mechanics

This paper indicates the problem of the famous Riemann hypothesis (RH), which has been well-verified by a definite answering method using a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) phase. We adopt mathematical induction, mappings, and laser photons governed by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to examine the existence of the RH. In considering the well-developed as Riemann zeta function, we find that the existence of RH has a corrected and self-consistent solution. Specifically, there is the only one pole at s = 1 on the complex plane for Riemann’s functions, which generalizes to all non-trivial zeros while s > 1. The essential solution is based on the BEC phases and on the nature of the laser photon(s). This work also incorporates Heisenberg commutators [ x^,p^]=1/2in the field of quantum mechanics. We found that a satisfactory solution for the RH would be incomplete without the formalism of Heisenberg commutators, BEC phases, and EIT effects. Ultimately, we propose the application of qubits in connection with the RH.

Approach to a Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis by the Second Mean-Value Theorem of Calculus

By the second mean-value theorem of calculus (Gauss-Bonnet theorem) we prove that the class of functionswith an integral representation of the form with a real-valued function which is non-increasing and decreases in infinity more rapidly than any exponential functions , possesses zeros only on the imaginary axis. The Riemann zeta function as it is known can be related to an entire functionwith the same non-trivial zeros as . Then after a trivial argument displacement we relate it to a function with a representation of the form where is rapidly decreasing in infinity and satisfies all requirements necessary for the given proof of the position of its zeros on the imaginary axis z=iy by the second mean-value theorem. Besides this theorem we apply the Cauchy-Riemann differential equation in an integrated operator form derived in the Appendix B. All this means that we prove a theorem for zeros of on the imaginary axis z=iy for a whole class of function which includes in this way the proof of the Riemann hypothesis. This whole class includes, in particular, also the modified Bessel functions for which it is known that their zeros lie on the imaginary axis and which affirms our conclusions that we intend to publish at another place. In the same way a class of almost-periodic functions to piece-wise constant non-increasing functions belong also to this case. At the end we give shortly an equivalent way of a more formal description of the obtained results using the Mellin transform of functions with its variable substituted by an operator.

About the Riemann Hypothesis

The Riemann hypothesis is part of Hilbert’s eighth problem in David Hilbert’s list of 23 unsolved problems. It is also one of the Clay Mathematics Institute’s Millennium Prize Problems. Some mathematicians consider it the most important unresolved problem in pure mathematics. Many mathematicians made a lot of efforts;they don’t have to prove the Riemann hypothesis. In this paper, I use the analytic methods to deny the Riemann Hypothesis;if there’s something wrong, please criticize and correct me.

The Proof of Riemann Hypothesis, the Key to the Door Is the Periodicity

The Riemann hypothesis is a well-known mathematical problem that has been in suspense for 162 years. Its difficulty lies in the fact that it is involved in an infinite integral which includes infinite series with complex variables. To detour this is in vain, since all the messages are hid in it. To unscramble them, there is a totally new idea, that is, the “periodicity”! By investigating the numerical approximate values of zero points, an explicit distribution law on the critical line was found. To accord with this, a periodic form for the real part of Xi function was constructed and rigidly proved. The Riemann hypothesis can be divided into three progressive propositions. The first proposition (the number of zero points in the critical strip satisfies a certain estimation) had been proved in 1905. The second proposition (the number of zero points on the critical line satisfies the same estimation as in the critical strip) is ever in suspense. It can be solved perfectly with the newly found “periodicity”. The third proposition (all the nontrivial zero points are on the critical line), that is, the Riemann hypothesis, is also true. The proof is a combination of the symmetry, monotonicity, periodicity of the Xi function and the extremum principle of the harmonic functions. It is the moment to draw full stop for this suspending problem.

Riemann Hypothesis, Catholic Information and Potential of Events with New Techniques for Financial and Other Applications

In this research we are going to define two new concepts: a) “The Potential of Events” (EP) and b) “The Catholic Information” (CI). The term CI derives from the ancient Greek language and declares all the Catholic (general) Logical Propositions () which will true for every element of a set A. We will study the Riemann Hypothesis in two stages: a) By using the EP we will prove that the distribution of events e (even) and o (odd) of Square Free Numbers (SFN) on the axis Ax(N) of naturals is Heads-Tails (H-T) type. b) By using the CI we will explain the way that the distribution of prime numbers can be correlated with the non-trivial zeros of the function ζ(s) of Riemann. The Introduction and the Chapter 2 are necessary for understanding the solution. In the Chapter 3 we will present a simple method of forecasting in many very useful applications (e.g. financial, technological, medical, social, etc) developing a generalization of this new, proven here, theory which we finally apply to the solution of RH. The following Introduction as well the Results with the Discussion at the end shed light about the possibility of the proof of all the above. The article consists of 9 chapters that are numbered by 1, 2, …, 9.

A Direct Proof for Riemann Hypothesis Based on Jacobi Functional Equation and Schwarz Reflection Principle

Using the properties of theta-series and Schwarz reflection principle, a proof for Riemann hypothesis (RH) is directly presented and the first ten nontrivial zeros are easily obtained. From now on RH becomes Riemann Theorem (RT) and all its equivalent results and the consequences assuming RH are true.

Solutions to Beal’s Conjecture, Fermat’s Last Theorem and Riemann Hypothesis

A Simple Mathematical Solutions to Beal’s Conjecture and Fermat’s Marginal Conjecture in his diary notes, Group Theoretical and Calculus Solutions to Fermat’s Last theorem & Integral Solution to Riemann Hypothesis are discussed.

Waring−Goldbach problem for one prime power and four prime cubes under Riemann Hypothesis

Let k≥1 be an integer.Assume that RH holds.In this paper we prove that a suitable asymptotic formula for the average number of representations of integers n=p^(k)_(1)+p^(3)_(2)+p^(3)_(3)+p^(3)_(4)+p^(3)_(5),where p_(1),p_(2),p_(3),p_(4),p_(5)are prime numbers.This expands the previous results.

All Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function in the Critical Strip Are Located on the Critical Line and Are Simple

In this paper we study the function , for z∈C. We derive a functional equation that relates G(z) and G(1−z) for all z∈C, and we prove: 1) that G and the Riemann zeta function ζ have exactly the same zeros in the critical region D:= {z∈C:ℜz∈(0,1)};2) the Riemann hypothesis, i.e., that all of the zeros of G in D are located on the critical line := {z∈D:ℜz =1/2};and that 3) all the zeros of the Riemann zeta function located on the critical line are simple.

On Perron’s Formula and the Prime Numbers

The Riemann hypothesis is intimately connected to the counting functions for the primes. In particular, Perron’s explicit formula relates the prime counting function to fixed points of iterations of the explicit formula with particular relations involving the trivial and non-trivial roots of the Riemann Zeta function and the Primes. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate this relation at the fixed points of iterations of explicit formula, defined by functions of the form limT∈Ν→∞fT(zw)=zw,where, zwis a real number.

The Proof of the Generalized Piemann’s Hypothesis

The article presents the proof of the validity of the generalized Riemann hypothesis on the basis of adjustment and correction of the proof of the Riemanns hypothesis in the work?[1], obtained by a finite exponential functional series and finite exponential functional progression.

Clarifications for the Published Article: “A Solution to the Famous Twin’s Problem” in the APM of SCIRP at 24 September of 2019

This article B is almost autonomous because it can be read independently from the first published article A [1] using only a few parts of the article A. Be-low are given instructions so to need the reader study only on few places of the article A. Also, in the part A of Introduction, here, you will find simple and useful definitions and the strategy we are going to follow as well useful new theorems (also and in Section 5, which have been produced in this solution). So the published solution of twin’s problem can now be easily understood. The inequalities (4.17), (4.18) of Article A are proved here in Section 4 by a new clear method, without the possible ambiguity of the text between the relations (4.14), (4.16) of the Article A. Also we complete the proof for the twin’s distri-bution which we use. At the end here are presented the Conclusions, the No-menclatures and the numerical control of the proof, which is probably useful as well in coding methods. For a general and convincing picture is sufficient, a study from the beginning of this article B until the end of the part A of the In-troduction here as well a general glance on the Section 5 and on the Conclu-sions below.

Killing Imaginary Numbers? From Today’s Asymmetric Number System to a Symmetric System

In this paper, we point out an interesting asymmetry in the rules of fundamental mathematics between positive and negative numbers. Further, we show an alternative numerical system identical to today’s system, but where positive numbers dominate over negative numbers. This is like a mirror symmetry of the existing number system. The asymmetry in both systems leads to imaginary and complex numbers. We also suggest an alternative number system with perfectly symmetrical rules—that is, where there is no dominance of negative numbers over positive numbers or vice versa, and where imaginary and complex numbers are no longer needed. This number system seems to be superior to other numerical systems, as it brings simplicity and logic back to areas that complex rules have dominated for much of the history of mathematics. Finally, we also briefly discuss how the Riemann hypothesis may be linked to the asymmetry in the current number system. The foundation rules of a number system can, in general, not be proven incorrect or correct inside the number system itself. However, the ultimate goal of a number system is, in our view, to describe nature accurately. The optimal number system should therefore be developed with feedback from nature. If nature, at a very fundamental level, is ruled by symmetry, then a symmetric number system should make it easier to understand nature than an asymmetric number system would. We hypothesize that a symmetric number system may thus be better suited to describing nature. Further, such a number system should eliminate imaginary numbers in space-time and quantum mechanics, for example, two areas of physics that are clouded in mystery to this day.

The Towering Zeta Function

Over a century and half has passed when Bernhard Riemann hypothesized that the non-trivial roots of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) all lie on the half-line . In this paper the Zeta function is iterated as a power tower and its properties are applied as an approach to an indication that the Riemann hypothesis might be true. It is known that complex valued Power towers converge under certain conditions to exponential power towers of entire functions. These properties can be used to resolve the Riemann Hypothesis.

Some Conjectures on the Divisor Function

We propose the following conjecture on(σ)n the sum-of-divisors function:log(e'nlog logn-σ(n))/log(e'nlog log n)will increase strictly and converge to1 when n runs from the colossally abundant numbers to infinity This conjecture is a sufficient condition for the and converge to1 when n nuns from the colossally abundant numbers to infinity.This conjecture is a sufficient condition for the Ricemann hypothesis by Robin's theorem,and it is confirmed for n from10^(4 )up to 10^(103078) Further,we present two additional Riemann hypothesis by Robin's theorem,and it is confirmed forn from 10^(4) up to 10^(103078) Further,we present two additional conjectures that are related to Robin's theorem.

The Prime Sequence: Demonstrably Highly Organized While Also Opaque and Incomputable-With Remarks on Riemann’s Hypothesis, Partition, Goldbach’s Conjecture, Euclid on Primes, Euclid’s Fifth Postulate, Wilson’s Theorem along with Lagrange’s Proof of It and Pascal’s Triangle, and Rational Human Intelligence

The main design of this paper is to determine once and for all the true nature and status of the sequence of the prime numbers, or primes—that is, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, and so on. The main conclusion revolves entirely around two points. First, on the one hand, it is shown that the prime sequence exhibits an extremely high level of organization. But second, on the other hand, it is also shown that the clearly detectable organization of the primes is ultimately beyond human comprehension. This conclusion runs radically counter and opposite—in regard to both points—to what may well be the default view held widely, if not universally, in current theoretical mathematics about the prime sequence, namely the following. First, on the one hand, the prime sequence is deemed by all appearance to be entirely random, not organized at all. Second, on the other hand, all hope has not been abandoned that the sequence may perhaps at some point be grasped by human cognition, even if no progress at all has been made in this regard. Current mathematical research seems to be entirely predicated on keeping this hope alive. In the present paper, it is proposed that there is no reason to hope, as it were. According to this point of view, theoretical mathematics needs to take a drastic 180-degree turn. The manner of demonstration that will be used is direct and empirical. Two key observations are adduced showing, 1), how the prime sequence is highly organized and, 2), how this organization transcends human intelligence because it plays out in the dimension of infinity and in relation to π. The present paper is part of a larger project whose design it is to present a complete and final mathematical and physical theory of rational human intelligence. Nothing seems more self-evident than that rational human intelligence is subject to absolute limitations. The brain is a material and physically finite tool. Everyone will therefore readily agree that, as far as reasoning is concerned, there are things that the brain can do and things that it cannot do. The search is therefore for the line that separates the two, or the limits beyond which rational human intelligence cannot go. It is proposed that the structure of the prime sequence lies beyond those limits. The contemplation of the prime sequence teaches us something deeply fundamental about the human condition. It is part of the quest to Know Thyself.

Bilinear forms with trace functions over arbitrary sets and applications to Sato-Tate

We prove non-trivial upper bounds for general bilinear forms with trace functions of bountiful sheaves,where the supports of two variables can be arbitrary subsets in F_(p) of suitable sizes.This essentially recovers the Polya-Vinogradov range,and also applies to symmetric powers of Kloosterman sums and Frobenius traces of elliptic curves.In the case of hyper-Kloosterman sums,we can beat the Pólya-Vinogradov barrier by combining additive combinatorics with a deep result of Kowalski,Michel and Sawin(2017) on sum-products of Kloosterman sheaves.Two Sato-Tate distributions of Kloosterman sums and Frobenius traces of elliptic curves in sparse families are also concluded.

Selberg's Normal Density Theorem for Automorphic L-Functions for GL_m

Let π be an irreducible unitary cuspidal representation of GLm（AQ） with m ≥ 2, and L（s, Tr） the L-function attached to π. Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for L（s,π）, we estimate the normal density of primes in short intervals for the automorphic L-function L（s, π）. Our result generalizes the corresponding theorem of Selberg for the Riemann zeta-function.

On Weil's explicit formula

A program of proving the Riemann hypothesis by using the Fourier analysis on global fields is given by Connes(1999). The difficulty for realizing the program lies in proving the validity of Connes' global trace formula on an L2-space. In this paper, a new global trace formula is obtained on a Fr′echet space which gives the Weil distribution △(h).

on the Distribution of Square-full Integers

Let △（x）be the error term in the asymptotic formula for the counting function of square-full integers.In the present paper it is proved that △（x）=O(x27/4+ε),which improves on the exponent 33/5 obtained by X.D.CAO.