Influence of the Extraction Process on the Characteristics of Romanian Mountain Walnut Oil

The objective of this work is to extract walnut oil using various processes in order to compare the influence on the nature of the components extracted, and thus identify the areas of potential use. We carried out the extractions by mechanical process, thanks to a press in reduced model provided with a worm. We obtained cold extracted oil whose characteristics slightly diverge from extra virgin oil found in shops in Romania, but its composition is similar. We were also able to extract by chemical process using two methods, Folch and Soxhlet. Commercially available table walnut oils are only cold extracted to avoid the presence of solvents. Those are difficult to remove and strongly oxidize the oil. Currently, consumers appreciate walnut oil for its taste and nutritional qualities. In nutrition, this oil is put forward for its composition rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for human body. Food supplements made from walnut oil are available today. For the moment, this is the only use of walnut oil. Indeed, there are some studies on other fields of application, but they remain in the field of research and nothing has yet been commercialized. In this present study, we compared the chemical and physical properties of cold-extracted oil with the solvent extraction of walnut kernel originating from the mountain region of Rumania. The cold extracted oil has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (63%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (30%), a very low level of saturated fatty acid (7%) and no content of linolenic acid. The Soxhlet and Folch methods produced slightly different oils with increased amounts of minor components, which changes their characteristic. Even when solvent-extracted oils do not meet the standard criteria imposed by the Codex Alimentarius, they offer a possible use in the fields of food, cosmetics industries and biomedicine.

Spatial modelling of deforestation in Romanian Carpathian Mountains using GIS and Logistic Regression

Deforestation process represents a wide concern mainly in the mountain environments due to its role in global warming, biodiversity loss, land degradation and natural hazards occurrence. Thus, the present study is focused on the largest afforested landform unit of Romania and, consequently, the most affected area by forest losses: Carpathian Mountains. The main goal of the paper is to examine and analyze the various explanatory variables associated with deforestation process and to model the probability of deforestation using GIS spatial analysis and logistic regression. The forest cover for 1990 and 2012, derived from CORINE Land Cover(CLC) database, were used to quantify historical forest cover change included in the modelling. To explain the biophysical and anthropogenic effects, this study considered several explanatory factors related to local topography, forest cover pattern, accessibility, urban growth and population density. Using ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) and 500 controlling sampling points, the statistical and spatial validations were assessed in order to evaluate the performance of the resulted data. The analysis showed that the area experienced a continuous forest cover change, leading to the loss of over 250,000 ha of forested area during the period 1990–2012. The most significant influence of the explanatory factors of deforestation were noticed in case of distance to forest edge(β=–4.215), forest fragmentation(β=2.231), slope declivity(β=–1.901), elevation(β=1.734) and distance to roads(β=–1.713). The statistical and spatial validation indicates a good accuracy of the model with reasonably AUC(0.736) and Kappa(0.739) values. The model's results suggest an intensification of the deforestation process in the area, designing numerous new clusters with high probability in the Apuseni Mountains, northern and central part of the Eastern Carpathians, western part of the Southern Carpathians and northern part of the Banat Mountains. The study could represent a useful outcome to identify the forests more vulnerable to logging and to adopt appropriate policies and decisions in forest management and conservation. In addition, the resulted probability map could be used in other studies in order to investigate potential environmental implications(e.g. geomorphological hazards or impact on biodiversity and landscape diversity).

Peri-Gondwanan terranes in the Romanian Carpathians:A review of their spatial distribution,origin,provenance,and evolution

The basement of the Romanian Carpathians is made of Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic peri- Gondwanan terranes variably involved in the Variscan orogeny, similarly to other basement terrains of Europe. They were hardly dismembered during the Alpine orogeny and traditionally have their own names in the three Carpathian areas. The Danubian domain of the South Carpathians comprises the Dragsan and Lainici-Paiius peri-Amazonian terranes. The Dragsan terrane originated within the ocean surrounding Rodinia and docked with Rodinia at -800 Ma. It does not contain Cadomian magmatism and consequently it is classified as an Avalonian extra-Cadomian terrane, The Lainici-Pfiius terrane is a Ganderian fragment strongly modified by Cadomian subduction-related magmatism, It is attached to the Moesia platform. The TisoviD terrane is an ophiolite that marks the boundary between Drfagsan and Lainici-Paius terranes. The other basement terranes of the Romanian Carpathians originated close to the Ordovician North- African orogen, as a result of the eastern Rheic Ocean opening and closure. Except for the Sebes-Lotru terrane that includes a lower metamorphic unit of Cadomian age, all the other terranes （Bretila, Tulghes, Negrisoara and Rebra in the East Carpathians, Somes, Biharia and Baia de Aries in the Apuseni mountains, Fagaras, Leaota, Carat and Pades in the South Carpathians） represent late Cambrian-Ordovician rock assemblages. Their provenance, is probably within paleo-nortbeast Africa, close to the Arabian-Nubian shield. The late Cambrian-Ordovician terranes are defined here as Carpathian-type terranes. According to their lithostratigraphy and origin, some are of continental margin magmatic arc setting, whereas others formed in rift and back-arc environment and closed to passive continental margin settings. In a paleo- geographic reconstruction, the continental margin magmatic arc terranes were first that drifted out, followed by the passive continental margin terranes with the back-arc terranes in their front. They accreted to Laurussia during the Variscan orogeny. Some of them （Sebes-Lotru in South Carpathians and Baia de Aries in Apuseni mountains） underwent eclogite-grade metamorphism. The Danubian terranes, the Bretila terrane and the Somes terrane were intruded by Variscan granitoids.

The Influence of the Foreign Companies in Developing the Technological Absorption Capacity of the Romanian Economy During the Current Financial Crisis

Creating companies abroad, in ex-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, has experienced a strong progression, following the amplification process of globalization of world markets, intensification of international trade and technological development. We are witnessing a regional disparity regarding the volume of foreign investments in this area, which is due to the difference of attractiveness of host countries economy. The attractiveness of these economies is conditioned, in its turn, by the importance of economic factors and the quality of existing infrastructures, which is at their turn facing an increasing complexity of technology. Business relocation of foreign investors is influenced also by the institutional environment, because foreign investors hope to capitalize on the collateral effects offered by the investment environment in the host country, such as research laboratories and existing infrastructure, without neglecting the benefits of a highly qualified workforce at reduced costs, some geopolitical advantages, etc.. After EU accession, the attractiveness index of business environment in Romania has increased from （-59%） in 2005 to 66% （2008）, and Romania was considered among the most attractive economies in Central and Eastern Europe, along with Russia where the attractiveness index increased from 63% （2007） to 72% （2008） and Ukraine which has seen an increase in the attractiveness index of the business environment from 56% （2007） to 67% （2008）. This paper aims to highlight the positive effects induced by international business companies in assessing technological absorption capacity of the Romanian economy and to provide economic analysis of the ＂cause-effect＂ link between the attractiveness of the Romanian economy-governance--the intake of foreign investment straight to the active processing export of Romania under the impact of the overall effects of international financial crisis.

The Romanian researchers＇ profile and career in the knowledge based economy

This study examines the international profile and career of 157 Romanian researchers. The majority considers the insufficient funding of research in Romania as playing a major role in their decision to work in the knowledge based economy. In addition, the survey reveals several other factors which motivate the emigration of Romanian scientists. While abroad, the majority kept in touch with their former university/research institute, colleagues and/or the Romanian scientific community, in general. More than half of the respondents prefer to work outside Romania, after completing their current professional projects.

International Conflicts News Coverage in Romanian Press

The paper aims to analyze the way in which international news is rather shaped by journalists and mass-media per se and affected by national level factors than by real world events or the activities of political actors.There is a lack of empirical theories and studies regarding external news.This study’s purpose is to fill in this void,at least partly,by means of comparative analysis of international conflicts news coverage in Romanian press.International news coverage plays an important role in building a foreign country’s image and translating foreign cultures in their countries of origin.Mass-media should have a significant influence on external news perception,given the fact that the national audience is usually distant towards international events and relies upon national media coverage.As the majority of mass-media are still focused on national audience,these will accentuate the conflicts perspective with the risk of answering national stereotypes.Numerous empirical studies show that the conflict perspective is dominant,with an accent on“domestic”news and strong accent on elite political actors.This leads to external news“decontextualization”.It claims that during crises and times of conflict,the journalists have moved the emphasis on citizens and individual actors,increasing the international events news coverage with soft news.Approximate 1,000 articles regarding the Ukraine,Turkey,and Catalonia conflicts were analyzed during research and the results showed that the attention given by the mass-media had been strongly influenced by national policies.

Characteristics of Perinatal Infection and PregnancyOutcome of Roma and Romanian Women

Introduction： The Roma are the second largest ethnic minority in Romania, the most socially and economicallydisadvantaged minority. There is a lack of studies on perinatal infection in Roma women. The study aimed at determining theprevalence of perinatal infection and comparing pregnancy outcome in Roma and Romanian pregnant women. Materials andmethods：In this prospective study total of 252 pregnant women were enrolled from August 1, 2012 to October 2013 at a tertiary carehospital in Targu-Mures, Romania. Women were screened for bacterial carriage on admission for premature rupture of membranes anddelivery. Insemination sample were collected from maternal cervix. Risk factors for colonization were collected by a questionnaire,coupled with data from an existing database. Results： The average age of Roma patient was 22, respectively 28 of the control group.There were more teenage pregnancies in the Roma group, Romanian women delivered more frequently after age 35. There was asignificant difference in socioeconomic status of the two groups. Roma women had less hypertension, gestational diabetes andobesity, more induced abortion, preterm deliveries and grand multiparity. The prevalence of negative test result in the Roma and thecontrol group were 75 % and 81%, respectively （p = 0.718）. Conclusion： However the majority of Roma women had a lowsocioeconomic status with deficient pregnancy follow up, significant differences between the groups in the rates of the perinatalinfection were not observed. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

UXO Assessment on the Romanian Black Sea Coast

This paper aims to provide the reader with the results of the Unexploded Ordnance(UXO)survey of the defensive historical naval minefields launched by the Romanian and German Navies on the Romanian Black Sea coast,during the Second World War.This UXO survey was carried out between 2015-2018 by the Romanian Navy’s hydrographic ship“Commander Alexandru Cătuneanu”and Romanian Mine Warfare Data Center,using towed side-scan sonar technology and oceanographic observations.After explaining the materials and methodology,the results are presented and discussed:mosaics of the minefields,side-scan images of UXO contacts,side-scan images of the wrecks that were sunk in the minefields and some visible natural geological features of the seafloor.It was concluded that most of the objects discovered are sinkers,wreck debris or parts of chains,which does not represent a danger to navigation.

Mystery of Terracotta Warriors attracts Romanian TV viewers

On Oct 1,2017,Mystery of Terracotta Warriors aired on Channel 1 of Romania’s state televisio n,in troducing the achievements that China’s Shaaxi province and the city of Xi’an had made in conserving historic heritages and developing the economy,tourism,education and culture,as well as changes that had taken place in society,urban appearance and people’s lives.Shaanxi,especially its capital,Xi’an,

China-Romania Economic Relations:Recent Developments and Prospects

The world economy is crossing the period of Great Transformations and transition towards a New World Order,dominated by the increasing role of China in the world,given the fast implementation of the technological progress(Digital and Artificial Intelligence Revolutions).This paper analyses the economic relations between China and Romania and estimates the dynamics of the potential GDP in these states by implementing standard econometric tools.The results point to the upward trend in terms of bilateral trade between China-Romania in the post-pandemic era and emphasize the potential of the development in the mid-run.

场景与银幕之间:早期罗马尼亚电影与重新发现“消失的”女性电影先驱

虽然具有创新精神的女性人物对一些早期电影的制作与放映有所贡献,但很少有女性的名字出现在巴尔干电影史中。原始档案与当时的报刊重现了罗马尼亚女性戏剧导演兼演员马里奥拉·沃伊库列斯库的电影制作活动,沃伊库列斯库的明星形象和戏剧经验对里昂·M.波佩斯库艺术电影公司早期故事片的制作产生了重要影响。沃伊库列斯库一生成就斐然,有丰富多彩的舞台生涯,并在1912年成立了自己的剧团,在早期电影的制作中发挥了关键作用。以沃伊库列斯库对罗马尼亚早期电影的贡献为切入点,可以充分阐释罗马尼亚社会现代化进程中女性在大众文化中所占据的空间和扮演的角色。

从罗马尼亚国际体操大奖赛看男子体操新规则的执行情况

罗马尼亚国际体操大奖赛是新规则实行后举行的国际重要比赛，通过对比赛中各国运动员执行新规则情况的分析，可为教练员控制运动员的训练提供有价值的参考。

风险评估模型对煤矿职业危害评价的适用性研究

为了探索职业健康风险评估模型在煤矿职业病危害评价中的应用,选取某大型煤矿5个主要工段的12个主要工序,运用罗马尼亚风险评估模型(Romanian model)和国际采矿与金属委员会风险评估模型(ICMM)对某煤矿进行风险评估并比较2种模型的评估结果的异同。研究结果表明:对于噪声、CO等有毒气体、电焊烟尘这3种职业危害因素,ICMM矩阵法评估为中等风险,定量法评估为不可接受风险,Romanian model评估为4级中等风险水平。对于粉尘造成尘肺病这一风险事件,ICMM矩阵法评估为高风险;定量法评估为不可接受风险;Romanian model评估为5级高风险水平。Romanian model模型的评估结果更能为煤矿企业职业病危险分级防控提供指导。

罗马尼亚渠道与中美关系的解冻

在20世纪60年代中美关系开始解冻的过程中,罗马尼亚是促成中美和解的三个主要渠道之一。罗马尼亚在其中虽不是最重要的角色,却也起到了某种不可替代的重要作用,尤其在中美和解艰难起步的初期“帮了很大的忙”:最早承担了在中美之间传话的使命;和巴基斯坦渠道一起帮助恢复了中美间直接对话的华沙渠道;在巴基斯坦已成为中美对话的主渠道之后,仍在中美之间传递了一些重要口信,促成了“波罗行动”。

1949年以前的中罗关系述略

中罗两国先民的早期交往史先后可以追溯到公元4世纪西迁的匈奴人在达契亚地区的统治、祖先是柔然人的阿瓦尔人7～8世纪在这一地区的存在,以及蒙古帝国对欧洲的西征。1675年,作为沙皇特使的米列斯库访问了北京,成为来到中国的第一个罗马尼亚人。中罗两国的第一次官方交往发生在1880-1881年,而首次建交则是在1939年。由于罗马尼亚在1941年先后与日本在中国扶植的两个傀儡政权建交,中罗关系因此中断。

The Long Term Evolution of Phosphates from the Cambic Chernozem at ARDS Caracal, Romania

The decreasing of the plant available phosphorus of Romanian soils after 1990 is a major concern in relation with the lowered yields of the major crops. This fact is correlated with a rudimentary technology where the fertilization is a secondary issue. Thus, the fertilizer consumption, after 1990, has drastically decreased to 41.3 kg/ha NPK on arable land over 129.9 kg/ha in 1986 and from 86.4 kg/ha to 26.3 kg/ha on agricultural land. As a result, the phosphorus fertilizer quantities applied by small farmers are very small or inexistent. In order to determine the soil available phosphorus content in Romania, it was analyzed the evolution of soil phosphorus supplying degree on a cambic chernozem （one of the most fertile soils in Romania） from Agricultural Research and Development Station （ARDS） Caracal between 1986-1992 and 2000-2005. This analysis has shown the following issues： very well supplied soils by available phosphorus no more exist since 2006, the ones with a good supplying degree have decreased from 616 ha to 107 ha, which means from 24.8% to 4.3% yet the low supplied soils have increased from 526 ha to 1,129 ha （23.1% to 45.5%） and the very low supplied ones have increased from 198 ha to 776 ha （7.9% to 31.2%）. As a consequence of low fertilizer quantities and the decreasing of the soil supplying degree by available phosphorus the average yield in this farm has decreased from 5,776 to 3,707 kg/ha.

Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Sediments from the Carpathian Bend Area,Romania

The Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Ceahlǎu Nappe （from the bend region of the Romanian Carpathians） were investigated from lithological and micropaleontological （calcareous nannoplankton） points of view. Our investigations revealed that the studied deposits were sedimented within the latest Tithonian-Albian interval. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages of the turbidite calcareous successions （the Sinaia Formation） were assigned to the NJK-？NC5 calcareous nannofossil zones, which cover the Late Tithonian-Early Barremian interval. The sandy-shaly turbidites, which followed the calcareous turbidites of the Sinaia Formation, are Early Barremian-Early Albian in age （interval covered by the ？NC5-NC8 calcareous nannofossil zones）. Because the studied deposited are mainly turbidites, many reworked nannofossils from older deposits are present in the calcareous nannofloras. Thus, some biozones （i.e., NC5）, defined based on the last occurrences of nannofossils, could not be identified. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages are composed of Tethyan taxa （which dominate the nannofloras） and cosmopolitan taxa. During two intervals （the Late Valanginian and across the Barremian/Aptian boundary）, Tethyan and cosmopolitan nannofossils, together with Boreal ones, were observed. This type of mixed calcareous nannoplankton assemblage is indicative for sea-level high-stand, which allows the nannofloral exchange between the Tethyan and Boreal realms, within the two-above mentioned intervals.

高句丽、百济、新罗三国语言异同的判定

有学者认为三国有共同的语言,而另一些学者认为三国语言是不同的。究其原因是前者只是凭借主观感觉甚至个人喜好进行遐想,这虽然本身不是学术问题,但是需要以学术的视角和方法加以研究和解决;而后者是历史性地考虑问题,把历史及历史的语言放在里面加以考虑,更全面更真实地反映历史实际,这是更可取的。

罗马尼亚汉学家萨安娜对中国历史文化的研究

新中国成立后,中国与东欧五国在1950年互换首批留学生。萨安娜作为罗马尼亚留学生来到中国,先后就读于清华大学和北京大学,成为罗马尼亚首位在中国接受系统专业教育的历史学者。本文主要介绍她在中国历史文化研究方面长达70年的不凡经历和创造性贡献,关注其通识路径、内化实践、求真态度和守正品格。

Analysis of the Mamaia Bay shoreline Retreat with Hard and Soft Protection Works

Integrated Coastal Zone Management is a complex concept that involves various economic, social and environmental factors. There are often conflicting approaches to these factors. Furthermore, when it is decided to implement structural works in the coastal area, it must be taken into account the particularity of the area, the way in which it is developed and the type of work to be done. The Gulf of Mamaia in the Romanian Black Sea coast is the target of structural changes through the implementation of an extensive coastal rehabilitation program. The works made are of “hard” type and aim to change the shore line configuration. From this perspective, the target of the present paper is to make an analysis between the type of work that is being carried out and another kind of "soft" work aiming especially to favor the ecological reconstruction of the area and the approach of an environmentally friendly concept. Thus, we propose to analyze the two types of works with a view to apply the Bruun rule in order to mitigate the effect of the increase of the sea level and to prevent the shoreline retreat.