Complementary-Label Adversarial Domain Adaptation Fault Diagnosis Network under Time-Varying Rotational Speed and Weakly-Supervised Conditions

Recent research in cross-domain intelligence fault diagnosis of machinery still has some problems,such as relatively ideal speed conditions and sample conditions.In engineering practice,the rotational speed of the machine is often transient and time-varying,which makes the sample annotation increasingly expensive.Meanwhile,the number of samples collected from different health states is often unbalanced.To deal with the above challenges,a complementary-label(CL)adversarial domain adaptation fault diagnosis network(CLADAN)is proposed under time-varying rotational speed and weakly-supervised conditions.In the weakly supervised learning condition,machine prior information is used for sample annotation via cost-friendly complementary label learning.A diagnosticmodel learning strategywith discretized category probabilities is designed to avoidmulti-peak distribution of prediction results.In adversarial training process,we developed virtual adversarial regularization(VAR)strategy,which further enhances the robustness of the model by adding adversarial perturbations in the target domain.Comparative experiments on two case studies validated the superior performance of the proposed method.

Improved Units of Measure in Rotational Mechanics

The SI system of units in rotational mechanics yields correct numerical results, but it produces physically incorrect units of measure in many cases. SI units also violate the principle of general covariance—the general rule for defining continuous coordinates and units in mathematics and mathematical physics. After 30+ years of wrestling with these problems, the ultimate authority on units of measure has declared that Newton–meter and Joule are not equivalent in rotational mechanics, as they are in the rest of physics. This article proposes a simple modification to SI units called “Nonstandard International units” (“NI units”) until a better name is agreed upon. NI units yield correct numerical results and physically correct units of measure, and they satisfy the principle of general covariance. The main obstacle to the adoption of NI units is the consensus among users that the radius of rotation should have the unit meter because the radius can be measured with a ruler. NI units assigned to radius should have units meter/radian because the radius is a conversion factor between angular size and circumferential length, as in arclength = rθ. To manage the social consensus behind SI units, the author recommends retaining SI units as they are, and informing users who want correct units that NI units solve the technical problems of SI units.

Retrospective Case Series on The Enduring Rotational Stability of The AcrySof IQ Toric Intraocular Lens in Cataract Patients Suffering from Myopia

Objective:To analyze the enduring rotational steadiness of AcrySof IQ Toric intraocular lens(IOL)in cataract patients suffering from myopia in a long-term study.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on a case series involving 78 patients.A total of 120 eyes with an axial length(AL)ranging from 24-30 mm and corneal astigmatism≥1.50 D underwent implantation of AcrySof IQ Toric IOL guided by the version navigation system.The eyes were divided into two groups based on AL.Group A included 60 eyes with high myopia(AL≥26 mm),while Group B consisted of eyes with low to moderate myopia(24 mm≤AL<26 mm).Data on the preoperative AL were collected.Measurements were taken for residual astigmatism,the best corrected visual acuity(BCDVA),corneal astigmatism,and IOL rotation occurring between 24-and 48-months post-surgery.The percentage of eyes with an IOL rotation of under 5°and 10°was analyzed.Results:The mean length of follow-up times was recorded as 34.27±4.98,and the average rotation was 2.73±1.29°.Group A exhibited a slightly higher average rotation of 2.87±1.31°,compared to the rotation of 2.59±1.27°observed in Group B.At both the 24-36 month and 26-48 month post-operation marks,the degree of IOL rotation did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups,with none of the patients experiencing a rotation exceeding 10°(P>0.05).The percentage of rotation degrees under 5°was recorded as 98.22%.After the procedure,the BCDVA was 0.1322±0.03 LogMAR.There was a substantial increase in theχvalue after the operation as compared to the pre-operativeχ^(2) value(χ^(2)=76.79).The standard deviation of preoperative corneal astigmatism was statistically significant(P<0.05)at 2.17±1.08 D.Following the surgical procedure,the remaining astigmatism was measured at 0.41±0.26 D.The data showed a notable gap in statistical significance(t=4.281,P<0.05).Conclusion:The AcrySof Toric IOL was a reliable solution for managing corneal astigmatism in cataract patients with myopia,demonstrating excellent long-term rotational stability.

Preheating-assisted solid-state friction stir repair of Al-Mg-Si alloy plate at different rotational speeds

Additive friction stir deposition(AFSD)is a novel structural repair and manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in the past five years.In this work,the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the Al-Mg-Si alloy plate repaired by the preheating-assisted AFSD process were investigated.To evaluate the tool rotation speed and substrate preheating for repair quality,the AFSD technique was used to additively repair 5 mm depth blind holes on 6061 aluminum alloy substrates.The results showed that preheat-assisted AFSD repair significantly improved joint bonding and joint strength compared to the control non-preheat substrate condition.Moreover,increasing rotation speed was also beneficial to improve the metallurgical bonding of the interface and avoid volume defects.Under preheating conditions,the UTS and elongation were positively correlated with rotation speed.Under the process parameters of preheated substrate and tool rotation speed of 1000 r/min,defect-free specimens could be obtained accompanied by tensile fracture occurring in the substrate rather than the repaired zone.The UTS and elongation reached the maximum values of 164.2MPa and 13.4%,which are equivalent to 99.4%and 140%of the heated substrate,respectively.

Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therapy: Investigation and Implementation

Purpose: To present a protocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therapy (TSET) and to provide an assessment of clinical implementation, dosimetry properties, and skin dose evaluation. Methods and Materials: The DFR-TSET combined the Stanford 6-field and McGill rotational methods. Dual 6 MeV electron beams in high dose total skin electron mode were used for DFR-TSET on a commercial linac. Beam profiles and dosimetric properties were measured using solid phantoms. The dose rate at expanded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a combination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosimetry of patient skin was performed on patients’ skin using film, metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therapy exhibited good (≤±10%) uniformity in the beam profiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from the horizontal direction. In-vivo measurements confirmed acceptable uniformity of the patients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatomically self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical implementation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the special mode on a linac. This technique provides short beam-on times, uniform dose distribution, large treatment field, and reduced dose of x-ray contamination to the patients. In-vivo measurements indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniformity of the prescribed dose. Electron boost fields are recommended at normal SSDs to address underdosed areas.

Performance evaluation of a novel rotational damper for structural reinforcement steel frames subjected to lateral excitations

In this study,a novel rotational damper called a Rotational Friction Viscoelastic Damper(RFVD) is introduced.Some viscoelastic pads are added to the Rotational Friction Damper(RFD) in addition to the friction discs used in this conventional device.Consequently,the amount of energy dissipated by the damper increases in low excitation frequencies.In fact,the input energy to the structure is simultaneously dissipated in the form of friction and heat by frictional discs and viscoelastic pads.In order to compare the performance of this novel damper with the earlier types,a set of experiments were carried out.According to the test results,the RFVD showed a better performance in dissipating input energy to the structure when compared to the RFD.The seismic behavior of steel frames equipped with these dampers was also numerically evaluated based on a nonlinear time history analysis.The numerical results verifi ed the performance of the dampers in increasing the energy dissipation and decreasing the energy input to the structural elements.In order to achieve the maximum dissipated energy,the dampers need to be installed in certain places called critical points in the structure.An appropriate approach is presented to properly fi nd these points.Finally,the performance of the RFVDs installed at these critical points was investigated in comparison to some other confi gurations and the validity of the suggested method in increasing the energy dissipation was confi rmed.

Intensity Evolution of Zonal Shear Line over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer:A Perspective of Divergent and Rotational Kinetic Energies

Based on the ERA5 reanalysis datasets during 1980-2019,a total of eleven zonal shear lines(ZSLs)that caused heavy precipitation and lasted more than 60 hours over the Tibetan Plateau in summer are selected for composite analysis.By decomposing the kinetic energy(K)near the ZSL into divergent and rotational kinetic energies(K_(D)and K_(R))and the kinetic energy of interaction between the divergent wind and the rotational wind(K_(R)D),the influence of the rotational and divergent winds on the evolution of the ZSL intensity is investigated from the perspective of K_(D)and K_(R).The main results are as follows.The ZSL is a comprehensive reflection of rotation and convergence.The intensity evolution of ZSL is essentially synchronized with those of K,K_(R),and K_(RD)but lags behind K_(D)by about three hours.The enhancement of K is mainly contributed by K_(R),which is governed by the conversion from K_(D)to K_(R).Furthermore,the increase in the conversion from K_(D)to K_(R)is controlled by the geostrophic effect term Af,which is determined by the joint enhancement of the zonal rotational and meridional divergent wind components(u_(R)and v_(D)).Therefore,the joint enhancement of u_(R)and v_(D)controls the increase of the ZSL intensity,leading to increased precipitation.

Effects of Rotational Isomerism and Bond Length Alternation on Optical Spectra of FTC Chromophore in Solution

Rotational isomerism effects on the optical spectra of a push-pull nonlinear optical chro-mophore 2-dicyanomethylen-3-cyano-4-f2-[E-（4-N,N-di（2-acetoxyethyl）-amino）-phenylene-（3,4-dibutyl）-thien-5]-E-vinylg-5,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran （FTC） in a few solvents have been studied using the time-dependent density functional theory in combination with the polarizable continuum model. It is shown that the maximum absorption peaks of the ro-tamers have difference of nearly 30 nm both in vacuum and in solutions. The population of the rotamers changes a lot in different solvents. Based on the geometries optimized by Hartree-Fock method, the Maxwell-Boltzmann averaged absorption has been calculated and the maximum absorption peak is in good agreement with experiment. It indicates that the bond length alternation can have an important effect on the optical spectra.

Differential Interference Angle of Collision-induced Rotational Energy Transfer in Na_2(A^1∑_u^+,v=8-b^3∏_(0u),v=14)-Na System

Here wc report calculation of the differential interference angles （including b≤p gild b≥p ） for singlet-triplet mixed states of Na2（A^1∑u^＋,ν=8-b^3∏0u,ν=14） system in collision with Na, in order to study the collision- induced quantum interference on rotational energy transfer in an atom-diatom system. The calculation is based on the first-order Born approximation of time-dependent perturbation theory, and the anisotropic Lennard-Jones intcraction potentials are also employed, The relationships between differential interference angle and impact parameter, including collision diameter and velocity, are obtained,

A 3-Node Co-Rotational Triangular Finite Element for Non-Smooth,Folded and Multi-Shell Laminated Composite Structures

Based on the first-order shear deformation theory,a 3-node co-rotational triangular finite element formulation is developed for large deformation modeling of non-smooth,folded and multi-shell laminated composite structures.The two smaller components of the mid-surface normal vector of shell at a node are defined as nodal rotational variables in the co-rotational local coordinate system.In the global coordinate system,two smaller components of one vector,together with the smallest or second smallest component of another vector,of an orthogonal triad at a node on a non-smooth intersection of plates and/or shells are defined as rotational variables,whereas the two smaller components of the mid-surface normal vector at a node on the smooth part of the plate or shell(away from non-smooth intersections)are defined as rotational variables.All these vectorial rotational variables can be updated in an additive manner during an incremental solution procedure,and thus improve the computational efficiency in the nonlinear solution of these composite shell structures.Due to the commutativity of all nodal variables in calculating of the second derivatives of the local nodal variables with respect to global nodal variables,and the second derivatives of the strain energy functional with respect to local nodal variables,symmetric tangent stiffness matrices in local and global coordinate systems are obtained.To overcome shear locking,the assumed transverse shear strains obtained from the line-integration approach are employed.The reliability and computational accuracy of the present 3-node triangular shell finite element are verified through modeling two patch tests,several smooth and non-smooth laminated composite shells undergoing large displacements and large rotations.

Effect of Nonlinear Geometric Behavior on Random Response of Rotational Shell

Aimed at the large deformation problem of industry cooling tower shell, the mathematical model for the random response of rotational shell under the external random excitation is established by statistic perturbation method. The effect of nonlinear geometric behavior on the response of rotational shell is analyzed.

Nonlinear Stochastic Response of Rotational Shell Under the Action of Stationary Strong Wind Loads

Based on the theoretical analysis of nonlinear random response of structure, for the engineering practical problem, that is, the large deformation of industry cooling tower shell structure under the action of strong wind loads, the statistic perturbation method is also used to analyze some statistic characteristics of the nonlinear random response of rotational shell with geometric nonlinearity and stationary strong wind load considered. Through computation, some average values of nornal displacements and the nonlinear effect factor of the cooling tower shell are given.

Stochastic Responses of a Shell of Rotational Symmetry Haing Physically Nonlinear Behavior

Concrete is considered as an elastic body when subjected to compressive stress butas a brittle body when subjected to tensile stress. That is, after the elastic extremum it cannotcontinue to bear the stress. Based on this.'cracked' physical model, for stochastic extemalwind loads, nonlinear stochastic constitutive equations have been established. To solve equations of nonlinear stochastic vibration, an iterative statistic linearization method (ISLM) hasbeen developedb. Some statistic characteristics were foundd out.

Collisional Quantum Interference on Rotational Energy Transfer： Relation Between Integral Interference Angle and Rotational Quantum Number in Na2（A^1∑u^＋,ν=8～b^3∏0u,ν=14）-Na System

Collisional quantum interference （CQI） on rotational energy transfer was observed in Na2（A^1∑u^＋,ν=8～b^3∏0u,ν=14） system in collision with Na [Chem. Phys. Lett. 318 （2000） 107], and the degree of the interference was measured. The integral interference angle was obtaJned through theoretical calculation. We will research the factors that have effect on collisional quantum interference on rotational energy transfer in Na2（A^1∑u^＋,ν=8～b^3∏0u,ν=14）-Na system. Basing on the time-dependent first order Born approximation, and taking into account the anlsotroplc Lennard Jones interaction potentials and ＂straight-line＂ trajectory approximation, we obtain the factors that have effect on CQI in Na2-Na system, and obtain the relation between the integral interference angle and rotational quantum number.

NCCT for Micropolar Solid and Fluid Media Based on Internal Rotations and Rotation Rates with Rotational Inertial Physics: Model Problem Studies

This paper presents model problem studies for micropolar thermoviscoelastic solids without memory and micropolar thermoviscous fluid using micropolar non-classical continuum theories (NCCT) based on internal rotations and rotation rates in which rotational inertial physics is considered in the derivation of the conservation and balance laws (CBL). The dissipation mechanism is due to strain rates as well as rotation rates. Model problems are designed to demonstrate and illustrate various significant aspects of the micropolar NCCT with rotational inertial physics considered in this paper. In case of micropolar solids, the translational and rotational waves are shown to coexist. In the absence of microconstituents (classical continuum theory, CCT) the internal rotations are a free field, hence have no influence on CCT. Absence of gradients of displacements and strains in micropolar thermoviscous fluid medium prohibits existence of translational waves as well as rotational waves even though the appearance of the mathematical model is analogous to the solids, but in terms of strain rates. It is shown that in case of micropolar thermoviscous fluids the BAM behaves more like time dependent diffusion equation i.e., like heat conduction equation in Lagrangian description. The influence of rotational inertial physics is demonstrated using BLM as well as BAM in the model problem studies.

Type Synthesis and Characteristic Analysis of a Family of 2-DOF Rotational Decoupled Parallel Mechanisms

It is widely used for the rotational parallel mechanism in the field of spatial orientation. While owing to the existence of coupling, the forward kinematic solution and the control of the general rotational parallel mechanism are especially difficult. If decoupling can be realized, the kinematic analysis of the mechanism will be very simple. Presently, the research of the parallel mechanism is focused on the inverse solution and structure optimization, and there is a lack of rotation decoupled parallel mechanisms （DPMs）. So this paper proposes a family of 2 degree of freedom （DOF） rotational DPMs based on the four-bar linkage mechanism, and performs a characteristic analysis. This family of DPMs is composed of a moving platform, a fixed base and three limbs. Taking U_RRU SPU DPM as an example, the motion feature of this DPM is analyzed with the constraint screw method, and its mobility is calculated by using the Modified Kutzbach-Grtibler criterion. The inverse and forward displacement problems of the proposed parallel mechanism are solved. The decoupled feature of the proposed parallel mechanism is validated by the deduction of the expression of the Jaeobian matrix. Three kinds of singularity conditions of this DPM are discussed, and the atlases of the output parameter concerning different geometric parameters are plotted with the theory of the physical model of the solution space. The proposition and characteristic analysis of the novel rotational DPMs in this paper should be useful for further research and application of the parallel mechanisms.

Time-frequency response spectrum of rotational ground motion and its application

The rotational seismic motions are estimated from one station records of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, earthquake based on the theory of elastic plane wave propagation. The time-frequency response spectrum （TFRS） of the rotational motions is calculated and its characteristics are analyzed, then the TFRS is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of one twelve-storey frame concrete structure. The results show that one of the ground motion components can not reflect the characteristics of the seismic motions completely; the characteristics of each component, especially rotational motions, need to be studied. The damage line of the structure and TFRS of ground motion are important for seismic design, only the TFRS of input seismic wave is suitable, the structure design is reliable.

Rotational Analysis of A2Ⅱu-X2∑g＋ System of 14N2＋

The absorption spectrum of N2＋ has been studied using optical-heterodyne velocity mod- ulation spectroscopy in the near-infrared region. The observed spectral lines were assigned to the （3,1）, （4,2）, （5,3）, （8,5） bands of the A2Ⅱu-X2∑g＋ system and the line lists were pro- vided. The （5,3） band was studied for the first time. Fourteen rotational-resolved bands in literatures were fitted together with our observed bands and the molecular constants were obtained for VA=0-9 and vx=0-5.

Rotational Analysis of A^2∏u-X^2∏g System of 16O2^＋ Cation

The Doppler-limited absorption spectrum of 16O2^＋ cation was observed in the region of 11385-12100 cm^-1 by optical heterodyne velocity modulation absorption spectroscopy （OH-VMS）. The transitions were assigned to the （2, 19）, （3, 20）, and （5, 21） bands in the second negative system （A^2∏u-X^2∏g）. All the available lines measured using OH-VMS were global fitted in a nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure, and precise molecular constants （Bv, Av, Dv, pv, qv, γv） were obtained for the involved levels.

A tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method for aircraft

Strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS)/celestial navigation system(CNS)integrated navigation is widely used to achieve long-time and high-precision autonomous navigation for aircraft.In general,SINS/CNS integrated navigation can be divided into two integrated modes:loosely coupled integrated navigation and tightly coupled integrated navigation.Because the loosely coupled SINS/CNS integrated system is only available in the condition of at least three stars,the latter one is becoming a research hotspot.One major challenge of SINS/CNS integrated navigation is obtaining a high-precision horizon reference.To solve this problem,an innovative tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS integrated navigation method is proposed.In this method,the rotational SINS error equation in the navigation frame is used as the state model,and the starlight vector and star altitude are used as measurements.Semi-physical simulations are conducted to test the performance of this integrated method.Results show that this tightly coupled rotational SINS/CNS method has the best navigation accuracy compared with SINS,rotational SINS,and traditional tightly coupled SINS/CNS integrated navigation method.