A Game-Theoretic Approach to Safe Crowd Evacuation in Emergencies

Obstacle removal in crowd evacuation is critical to safety and the evacuation system efficiency. Recently, manyresearchers proposed game theoreticmodels to avoid and remove obstacles for crowd evacuation. Game theoreticalmodels aim to study and analyze the strategic behaviors of individuals within a crowd and their interactionsduring the evacuation. Game theoretical models have some limitations in the context of crowd evacuation. Thesemodels consider a group of individuals as homogeneous objects with the same goals, involve complex mathematicalformulation, and cannot model real-world scenarios such as panic, environmental information, crowds that movedynamically, etc. The proposed work presents a game theoretic model integrating an agent-based model to removethe obstacles from exits. The proposed model considered the parameters named: (1) obstacle size, length, andwidth, (2) removal time, (3) evacuation time, (4) crowd density, (5) obstacle identification, and (6) route selection.The proposed work conducts various experiments considering different conditions, such as obstacle types, obstacleremoval, and several obstacles. Evaluation results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with existingliterature in reducing the overall evacuation time, cell selection, and obstacle removal. The study is potentially usefulfor public safety situations such as emergency evacuations during disasters and calamities.

Study on the Safety and Prevention Technology of Coal Mining under the River in Xingyuan Coal Mine

Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This project aims to address the extensive impact of coal mining on the environment, infrastructure, and overall safety, focusing on the Shigong River area above the working face. The study employs qualitative and quantitative analyses, along with on-site engineering measurements, to gather data on crucial parameters such as coal seam characteristics, roof rock lithology, thickness, water resistance, and structural damage degree. The research encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, involving mining, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical exploration, rock mechanics, mine surveying, and computational mathematics. The importance of effective safety measures and prevention techniques is emphasized, laying the foundation for research focused on the Xingyun coal mine. The brief concludes by highlighting the potential economic and social benefits of this project and its contribution to valuable experience for future subsea coal mining.

A cross-sectional study to assess medication safety,knowledge,attitude,and practices regarding nutrition and medication among pregnant women

Objective:To assess pregnant women's knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding nutrition and medication usage,analyse the prescribing pattern,and categorize them based on the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)guidelines.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 pregnant women in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hospital from October 2022 to August 2023.A knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)questionnaire was prepared in English language by the researchers and validated by an expert panel consisting of 12 members.The validated questionnaire was then translated into regional languages,Kannada and Malayalam.The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with test-retest method with a representative sample population of 30 subjects(10 subjects for each language).The subjects'knowledge,attitude,and practice were evaluated using the validated KAP questionnaire.The safety of the medication was assessed using the FDA drug safety classification for pregnancy.Results:The mean scores for nutritional and medication usage knowledge,attitude,and practice were 4.14±1.15,4.50±1.09,and 3.00±1.47,respectively.Among 30 prescribed medications,3 belong to category A(no risk in human studies),8 belong to category B(no risk in animal studies),18 belong to category C(risk cannot be ruled out)and 1 drug is not classified.A significant association was observed between medication knowledge and practice(r=0.159,P=0.010).Conclusions:Most of the study population knows the need to maintain good dietary and medication practices during pregnancy.Counselling pregnant women regarding diet and medication usage is crucial in maternal care.

A Dual-Task Learning Approach for Bearing Anomaly Detection and State Evaluation of Safe Region

Predictive maintenance has emerged as an effective tool for curbing maintenance costs,yet prevailing research predominantly concentrates on the abnormal phases.Within the ostensibly stable healthy phase,the reliance on anomaly detection to preempt equipment malfunctions faces the challenge of sudden anomaly discernment.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a dual-task learning approach for bearing anomaly detection and state evaluation of safe regions.The proposed method transforms the execution of the two tasks into an optimization issue of the hypersphere center.By leveraging the monotonicity and distinguishability pertinent to the tasks as the foundation for optimization,it reconstructs the SVDD model to ensure equilibrium in the model’s performance across the two tasks.Subsequent experiments verify the proposed method’s effectiveness,which is interpreted from the perspectives of parameter adjustment and enveloping trade-offs.In the meantime,experimental results also show two deficiencies in anomaly detection accuracy and state evaluation metrics.Their theoretical analysis inspires us to focus on feature extraction and data collection to achieve improvements.The proposed method lays the foundation for realizing predictive maintenance in a healthy stage by improving condition awareness in safe regions.

Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems

This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems.The nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)systems.A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e.,stability and invariance)of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe set.To obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model,its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision variable.It is shown that the variance of the closedloop system,as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance.A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence level.This minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set,and thus minimizes the risk of safety violation.Unlike the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design,the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control design.It is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety violation.Two simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

Smart materials for safe lithium-ion batteries against thermal runaway

In recent years,the new energy storage system,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted much attention.In order to meet the demand of industrial progress for longer cycle life,higher energy density and cost efficiency,a quantity of research has been conducted on the commercial application of LIBs.However,it is difficult to achieve satisfying safety and cycling performance simultaneously.There may be thermal runaway(TR),external impact,overcharge and overdischarge in the process of battery abuse,which makes the safety problem of LIBs more prominent.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the smart safety materials design towards the goal of preventing TR of LIBs reversibly from different abuse conditions.Benefiting from smart responsive materials and novel structural design,the safety of LIBs can be improved a lot.We expect to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of smart and safe lithium-based battery materials.

无人机辅助物联网中基于Safe Actor-Critic的信息年龄最小化研究

无人机作为一种新的通信设备,有望在物联网数据采集、监控等业务中发挥关键作用。为保证所采集数据的时效性,利用信息年龄来衡量无人机从物联网设备接收到的数据新鲜度。通过联合优化无人机轨迹和无人机与物联网设备的关联策略以最小化信息年龄加权和,并保证无人机累积飞行能量消耗满足预算要求。由于上述问题同时受短期和长期约束条件的限制,将问题建模为受约束的马尔可夫决策过程(CMDP),并利用Safe Actor-Critic来求解。仿真结果表明,所提算法在最小化信息年龄的同时,能有效保证能量预算。

Enhanced Memory-Safe Linux Security Modules (eLSMs) for Improving Security of Docker Containers for Data Centers

The adoption of Docker containers has revolutionized software deployment by providing a lightweight and efficient way to isolate applications in data centers. However, securing these containers, especially when handling sensitive data, poses significant challenges. Traditional Linux Security Modules (LSMs) such as SELinux and AppArmor have limitations in providing fine-grained access control to files within containers. This paper presents a novel approach using eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter) to implement a LSM that focuses on file-oriented access control within Docker containers. The module allows the specification of policies that determine which programs can access sensitive files, providing enhanced security without relying solely on the host operating system’s major LSM.

Patient Safety Efforts in Tanzania: A Rapid Review of Two-Decades Efforts (2002-2022) to Inform Interventions towards Attainment of 2030 Targets

Introduction: The need to address the problem of patient safety has been a focus of World Health Assembly (WHA) meetings of 2002, 2019 and 2021. The 2019 WHA Resolution urged the Member States to take action on patient safety. We aimed to review patient safety efforts in Tanzania from 2002 to 2022 to inform improvement efforts towards the 2030 target. Methods: A rapid literature review was conducted between January 2002 and April 2022. We searched Google, PubMed and PubMed Central in April and May 2022 using the following search terms: PubMed—“patient safety Tanzania”, “blood safety in Tanzania”, “safe surgery Tanzania”, and “healthcare-associated infections Tanzania”;Google—“blood safety in Tanzania”, injection safety in Tanzania”, “infection prevention and control”, “radiation safety in health facilities in Tanzania”;and PubMed Central—“injection safety in Tanzania. Results: The search identified 4160 articles, of which 4053 were removed in initial screening;21 were duplicates, giving 86 relevant articles for full screening. Of the 86 articles, 04 were removed after the full screening, hence remaining with 82 articles. Among the 82 eligible articles, 27 are on IPC, 26 on safe surgery, 12 on blood safety, 07 on radiation safety, 06 on injection safety, and 02 on medication safety. One article was relevant to—blood safety, IPC and injection safety;and one article was relevant to—IPC and injection safety. Conclusion: Most of the eligible literature was on IPC and safe surgery, followed by blood safety, radiation safety, injection safety and medication safety. The literature on IPC has highlighted the need to strengthen efforts to address AMR. Findings from the implementation of the safe surgery 2020 intervention warrants for its scale-up to other zones. There is a need to strengthen hemovigilance and pharmacovigilance functions;and strengthen quality management and assurance systems and regulatory functions to ensure radiation safety.

一种描述逻辑与DL-safe规则复合逻辑中的规则抽取方法

OWL本体描述语言包含相对丰富的概念定义符,但提供的关系定义符描述能力则较差。将 OWL与规则相结合是克服这种表达能力限制的一种常用方法。Motik提出了一种可判定的方法,将SHIQ(D)描述逻辑与规则结合,所结合的规则限定在一种叫做DL-safe规则的范围内。本文提出了一种抽取DL-safe规则的方法,方法利用SHIQ(D)逻辑中的UNION定义符满足一些规则在前件中包含析取逻辑运算符的需求,从而扩展了规则的描述能力。

Application and Effect Evaluation of the Integrated“5A and 3+3”Management Model in the Safe Medication Use for Chemotherapy Patients

Objective:To explore the application and effect evaluation of the integrated“5A and 3+3”management model in ensuring safe medication use for chemotherapy patients.Methods:A total of 100 intravenous chemotherapy patients admitted to the oncology department of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were randomly divided into two groups using a random number list method.Both groups received conventional nursing management during chemotherapy,while the study group additionally received the integrated“5A and 3+3”safety management model.The nursing intervention effects between the two groups were compared.Results:After the intervention,the study group showed higher levels of self-management ability,compliance,and nursing satisfaction compared to the control group.The overall incidence of adverse events during hospitalization was lower in the study group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The knowledge scores of medical staff in the study group,related to the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy drug side effects,daily symptom management,and daily life management,were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing the integrated“5A and 3+3”model in the safe medication management of intravenous chemotherapy patients can effectively enhance patients’self-management abilities and compliance,improve medical staff’s ability to safely administer chemotherapy drugs,reduce adverse events caused by chemotherapy,and increase patient satisfaction.

Safety considerations in laparoscopic surgery: A narrative review

Laparoscopic surgery has many advantages over open surgery.At the same time,it is not without its risks.In this review,we discuss steps that could enhance the safety of laparoscopic surgery.Some of the important safety considerations are ruling out pregnancy in women of the childbearing age group;advanced discussion with the patient regarding unexpected intraoperative situations,and ensuring appropriate equipment is available.Important perioperative safety considerations include thromboprophylaxis;antibiotic prophylaxis;patient allergies;proper positioning of the patient,stack,and monitor(s);patient appropriate pneumoperitoneum;ergonomic port placement;use of lowest possible intra-abdominal pressure;use of additional five-millimetre(mm)ports as needed;safe use of energy devices and laparoscopic staplers;low threshold for a second opinion;backing out if unsafe to proceed;avoiding hand-over in the middle of the procedure;ensuring all planned procedures have been performed;inclusion of laparoscopic retrieval bags and specimens in the operating count;avoiding 10-15 mm ports for placement of drains;appropriate port closures;and use of long-acting local anaesthetic agents for analgesia.Important postoperative considerations include adequate analgesia;early ambulation;careful attention to early warning scores;and appropriate discharge advice.

Bayes Estimation of Parameter for the Safety Component Failure Model of the Safe Arming System of Missile

A Bayesian method is used to evaluate the component safety failure model parameter of the safe arming system of an air faced missile in flight. It was proved that Bayes estimation of the model parameter is coincident with the physical explanation of the prior probability density distribution of the random parameter.

SAFE与SDE法对金华火腿皮下脂肪气味活性物质研究

通过溶剂辅助风味蒸发系统(SAFE)和同时蒸馏提取技术(SDE)与气相色谱-嗅闻仪-质谱联机法(GC-O-MS)结合,对已发酵18个月的金华火腿皮下脂肪气味化合物进行定性定量分析和感官评价.SAFE和SDE法分别检测并嗅闻到40种和22种气味活性化合物,对脂肪气味贡献度较大的10种关键性化合物分别是:己醛、庚醛、二异丙基二硫醚、辛醛、反-2-辛烯醛、3-甲基丁酸、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、γ-癸内酯、γ-十一内酯和苯乙酸.

基于Fe-safe螺杆泵定子橡胶疲劳裂纹形成寿命预测

采油用螺杆泵橡胶定子为研究对象,通过对定子橡胶材料的进行伸张疲劳试验,建立定子橡胶的S-N曲线;对螺杆泵进行力学特性分析,确定在靠近高压腔室螺旋密封带上螺杆泵最易发生疲劳失效;利用Fe-safe对螺杆泵定子橡胶进行疲劳裂纹形成寿命进行预测研究,确定螺杆泵定子橡胶各段模型的最小疲劳裂纹形成寿命和安全系数和随腔室压力的关系,即随腔室压力升高而下降,并拟合得到橡胶定子疲劳裂纹形成寿命与腔室压力的关系式。

基于FE-SAFE对某型起重机底架疲劳寿命预估

以某型现役汽车起重机底架钢结构为研究对象,建立起重机虚拟样机模型及有限元静力学模型,分析并获得五个载荷步下的名义应力谱;基于FE-SAFE(durability analysis software for finite element models)耐久性分析软件,用多轴临界平面疲劳损伤模型,采用Brown-Miller准则建立寿命损伤模型,对底架结构的疲劳寿命进行预算。预算结果表明该型起重机底架结构工作约3 062个循环时出现肉眼可见裂纹,而其使用寿命约为70 555个工作循环。其疲劳寿命预算分析为某型现役起重机的实际设计和使用检修提供有价值的参考。

基于Ansys/FE-SAFE的风力机主轴疲劳计算分析

对风力发电机组的疲劳载荷来源及疲劳计算方法进行分析。介绍Ansys/FE-SAFE软件的理论基础和分析过程。在对风力发电机组主轴的S—N曲线修正和疲劳计算所需考虑的载荷工况进行介绍的基础上,使用GH Bladed软件仿真计算得到的系列工况的载荷及Ansys/FE-SAFE软件的多轴随机疲劳计算功能,对某1.5 MW风力发电机组主轴疲劳寿命进行计算。计算结果表明,主轴疲劳寿命满足标准规范的要求,指出主轴易发生疲劳破坏的部位。为风力发电机组其他部件的疲劳计算提供一种可行的方法。

ASE-SAFE和SDE-GC-MS分析贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分

采用加速溶剂萃取-溶剂辅助蒸发法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行了分析研究。结果表明,共鉴定出82种挥发性香气成分,包括烃类6种、醛类20种、醇类10种、酮类11种、酚类4种、脂肪酸类16种、醚类3种、酯类1种、含硫含氮及杂环化合物11种。两种方法同时检测到的化合物有16种,包括己醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、2-糠醇、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、(-)-4-松油烯醇、1-羟基-2-丙酮、乙偶姻、2,3-戊二酮、胡椒酮、丁香酚、桉叶油素、茴香脑和2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮。

基于ABAQUS/FE-SAFE的动车组橡胶地板减振器疲劳寿命研究

为了研究动车组橡胶地板减振器的疲劳特性,应用ABAQUS软件对橡胶地板减振器结构建模并对其典型工况下的静力特性进行了模拟分析。结果表明,橡胶地板减振器中部圆孔两侧的位置为应力集中区域,容易产生疲劳裂纹,进而导致疲劳破坏。在有限元分析结果的基础上,采用FE-SAFE软件对橡胶减振器进行正弦疲劳载荷谱下的疲劳寿命分析,获得橡胶地板减振器在满载条件下的疲劳寿命为6 309 573次,为改进动车组橡胶地板减振器结构、提高其疲劳寿命提供了一定的理论基础。

基于DL-Safe规则的UML状态图形式化和一致性验证

为了对UML状态图进行形式化验证,将状态图中的语义分为静态语义和动态语义两部分,用描述逻辑知识库表示静态语义,用DL-Safe规则表示动态语义.研究了检查UML状态图一致性的算法,该算法能够用DL-Safe规则对知识库进行推理达到检查状态图一致性的目的,最后分析了算法的可行性.