Fetal eutaneous wounds that oeeur in earlygestation heal without sear formation.Althoughmueh work has been done to eharaeterize the roleof transforming growth
Background: Over the past years, scientists have been working on the mechanisms of the scarless healing. The remarkable phenotypic differences between fetal and adult healing may lead us to find out their characterist...Background: Over the past years, scientists have been working on the mechanisms of the scarless healing. The remarkable phenotypic differences between fetal and adult healing may lead us to find out their characteristics in genetics, which represent potentially important mechanisms to explain the differences in the quality of wound repair observed in fetus versus adult tissues. Methods: Middle laparotomy and hysterotomy were performed on pregnant rabbits on 20-day gestation to expose the fetal back, and longitudinal incision which penetrated full skin was made on the back of fetus. The trauma fetus skin was harvested at 12 h post-operation (FT), the fetus control (FC) and trauma adult skin (AT) were taken at the same time. dscDNA was synthesized from total RNA of skin samples with SMART technology. An improved suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was applied to analyze the samples. Having taken one of the three samples as Tester respectively, the other two together as Drivers, one forward and two reverse hybridization products were gotten. Having amplified by selective PCR, the products were inserted into vector, and then transferred into E.coli HB101. The colonies were screened by electrophoresis, reverse Northern afterwards, and the positive clones were sequenced. BLAST in NCBI was performed to compare and analyze the positive clones (expressed sequence Tag, ESTs). Results: Totally 298 clones were gotten and 61 positive clones were obtained after screening. The 61 selected positive clones were sequenced and 54 sequences were goten. Conclusion: Instead of traditional SSH, an improved SSH with 2 Drivers was applied in the experiment. The improved program is reasonable and correct in both theory and practice.展开更多
The work of Muhe and Mouret in the late 1980s,paved the way for mainstream laparoscopic procedures and it rapidly became the mainstream method for many intra-abdominal procedures.Natural orifice transluminal surgery(N...The work of Muhe and Mouret in the late 1980s,paved the way for mainstream laparoscopic procedures and it rapidly became the mainstream method for many intra-abdominal procedures.Natural orifice transluminal surgery(NOTES)and Laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery(LESS)are very exciting new modalities in the field of minimally invasive surgery which work for further reducing the scars of standard laparoscopy and towards scarless surgery.However,according to objective assessment of the literatures,there is no clearly demonstrated benefit of NOTES(LESS),even cosmesis is poorly supported and had mixed results in the available data.NOTES(LESS)is far from the truly scarless surgery.Towards the Holy Grail,we have developed several techniques of creating nonvisible scar and named them as"Scar-hidden Endoscopic Surgery".With the rapid development of science and technology,we believe that minimally invasive surgery over the next2 decades will continue to bring remarkable change and realize truly scarless surgery even we may not be able to imagine what lies ahead.展开更多
Complete wound healing without scar formation has attracted increasing attention,prompting the development of various strategies to address this challenge.In clinical settings,there is a growing preference for emergin...Complete wound healing without scar formation has attracted increasing attention,prompting the development of various strategies to address this challenge.In clinical settings,there is a growing preference for emerging biomedical technologies that effectively manage fibrosis following skin injury,as they provide high efficacy,cost-effectiveness,and minimal side effects compared to invasive and costly surgical techniques.This review gives an overview of the latest developments in advanced biomedical technologies for scarless wound management.We first introduce the wound healing process and key mechanisms involved in scar formation.Subsequently,we explore common strategies for wound treatment,including their fabrication methods,superior performance and the latest research developments in this field.We then shift our focus to emerging biomedical technologies for scarless wound healing,detailing the mechanism of action,unique properties,and advanced practical applications of various biomedical technology-based therapies,such as cell therapy,drug therapy,biomaterial therapy,and synergistic therapy.Finally,we critically assess the shortcomings and potential applications of these biomedical technologies and therapeutic methods in the realm of scar treatment.展开更多
The revolutionary role of tissue adhesives in wound closure,tissue sealing,and bleeding control necessitates the development of multifunctional materials capable of effective and scarless healing.In contrast to the us...The revolutionary role of tissue adhesives in wound closure,tissue sealing,and bleeding control necessitates the development of multifunctional materials capable of effective and scarless healing.In contrast to the use of traditionally utilized toxic oxidative crosslinking initiators(exemplified by sodium periodate and silver nitrate),herein,the natural polyphenolic compound tannic acid(TA)was used to achieve near instantaneous(<25s),hydrogen bond mediated gelation of citrate-based mussel-inspired bioadhesives combining anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities(3A-TCMBAs).The resulting materials were self-healing and possessed low swelling ratios(<60%)as well as considerable mechanical strength(up to~1.0 MPa),elasticity(elongation~2700%),and adhesion(up to 40 kPa).The 3A-TCMBAs showed strong in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant ability,favorable cytocompatibility and cell migration,as well as photothermal antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli(>90%bacterial death upon near-infrared(NIR)irradiation).In vivo evaluation in both an infected full-thickness skin wound model and a rat skin incision model demonstrated that 3A-TCMBAs+NIR treatment could promote wound closure and collagen deposition and improve the collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio on wound sites while simultaneously inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Further,phased angiogenesis was observed via promotion in the early wound closure phases followed by inhibition and triggering of degradation&remodeling of the extracellular matrix(ECM)in the late stage(supported by phased CD31(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1)PDGF(platelet-derived growth factor)and VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor)expression as well as elevated matrix metalloprotein-9(MMP-9)expression on day 21),resulting in scarless wound healing.The significant convergence of material and bioactive properties elucidated above warrant further exploration of 3A-TCMBAs as a significant,new class of bioadhesive.展开更多
Complete skin reconstruction is a hierarchical,physiological assembly process involving healing of the epidermis,dermis,vasculature,nerves,and cutaneous appendages.To date,few works have reported complete skin regener...Complete skin reconstruction is a hierarchical,physiological assembly process involving healing of the epidermis,dermis,vasculature,nerves,and cutaneous appendages.To date,few works have reported complete skin regeneration,particularly lacking vascular structures and hair follicles after full skin defects.In this study,a hydrogel derived from the skin secretion of Andrias davidianus(SSAD)that features adhesiveness was used as a bioactive scaffold to load micronized amnion(MA).The SSAD hydrogel was found to promote the migration and proliferation of amnion stem cells and human keratinocytes,as well as inhibit their apoptosis in vitro.In a rat full-skin defect model,the regeneration of skin appendages was observed at the wound area,achieving scarless healing.Transcriptome analyses further validated that SSAD could positively regulate cell migration,proliferation,and differentiation.These functions might be attributed to the abundant growth factors present in the SSAD.Synergized by the delivery of MA,SSAD loaded with the MA could achieve a significantly better skin regeneration effect than SSAD or MA used alone,providing a simple yet highly effective means to obtain complete,scarless skin regeneration,suggesting favorable potential for clinical translation.展开更多
Objective ：To study the differences of gene expression between earlier gestational skin and later gestational skin of rats with the aids of single primer amplification （SPA） and high-density oligonucleotide DNA arr...Objective ：To study the differences of gene expression between earlier gestational skin and later gestational skin of rats with the aids of single primer amplification （SPA） and high-density oligonucleotide DNA array to understand the molecular mechanism of scarless healing. Methods： Total RNAs were isolated from fetal rat skin of the scarless（E15） and scar-forming （ E18 ） periods of gestation （term = 21.5 days）. The RNAs from earlier gestational skin （ EGS ） and later gestational skin （ LGS ） were both reversely transcribed to cDNAs, then labeled with the incorporation of fluorescent dCTP for preparing the hybridization probes by SPA method. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the oligonucleotide DNA arrays which contained 5 705 probes representing 5 705 rat genes. After highly stringent washing, these DNA arrays were scanned for fluorescent signals to display the differentially expressed genes between the 2 groups of skin. Results. Among 5 705 rat genes, there were 53 genes （0.93%） with differentially expressed levels between EGS and LGS groups, 27 genes, including fibroblast growth factor 2 （ FGF2 ） and follistatin were up-regulated （0.47%） and 26 genes were down-regulated （0.46%） in fetal skin during scarless period versus scar-forming period. Higher expressions of FGF2 and follistatin in EGS than those in LGS were also revealed by RT-PCR method. Conclusions： High-density oligonucleotide DNA array provided a powerful tool for investigating differential gene expression in earlier and later gestational fetal skins. This technology validates that the mechanism of fetal scarless healing is very complicate and the change of many gene expressions is associated with fetal scarless healing.展开更多
目的 :观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)和癌基因 c fos及 c myc在胎儿和成人皮肤细胞内的转录和翻译的变化规律及其对胎儿伤口无瘢愈合的影响。方法 :16份被测标本中包括不同胎龄的胎儿皮肤和成人皮肤组织各 8例。用逆转录多聚酶链...目的 :观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)和癌基因 c fos及 c myc在胎儿和成人皮肤细胞内的转录和翻译的变化规律及其对胎儿伤口无瘢愈合的影响。方法 :16份被测标本中包括不同胎龄的胎儿皮肤和成人皮肤组织各 8例。用逆转录多聚酶链反应 (RT PCR)方法检测这 3种基因在不同的组织细胞内的表达变化规律 ,用免疫组织化学 SP法和常规病理技术确定这 3种蛋白在胎儿和成人皮肤组织中的定位和表达量。结果 :在胎儿皮肤组织细胞中 ,b FGF和 c m yc2种基因都发生转录 ,而 c fos基因的 m RNA含量很低 ;随着胎儿的生长发育 ,3种基因的蛋白含量逐渐增大 ,b FGF蛋白主要分布于表皮细胞和血管内皮细胞的胞浆和胞外基质中 ,而 c fos和 c m yc的阳性颗粒则主要存在于表皮细胞中。与胎儿相比 ,成人皮肤组织中这 3种基因的 m RNA含量都明显升高 ,蛋白水平也显著增高 ,而 3种蛋白的分布没有明显变化。结论 :在成人皮肤组织内 ,b FGF、c fos和 c myc 3种基因转录和翻译的增强可能与伤口愈合形成瘢痕相关 ,而胎儿皮肤中这 3种基因的 m RNA和蛋白含量的降低可能是胎儿创面无瘢愈合的机制之一。展开更多
文摘Fetal eutaneous wounds that oeeur in earlygestation heal without sear formation.Althoughmueh work has been done to eharaeterize the roleof transforming growth
文摘Background: Over the past years, scientists have been working on the mechanisms of the scarless healing. The remarkable phenotypic differences between fetal and adult healing may lead us to find out their characteristics in genetics, which represent potentially important mechanisms to explain the differences in the quality of wound repair observed in fetus versus adult tissues. Methods: Middle laparotomy and hysterotomy were performed on pregnant rabbits on 20-day gestation to expose the fetal back, and longitudinal incision which penetrated full skin was made on the back of fetus. The trauma fetus skin was harvested at 12 h post-operation (FT), the fetus control (FC) and trauma adult skin (AT) were taken at the same time. dscDNA was synthesized from total RNA of skin samples with SMART technology. An improved suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was applied to analyze the samples. Having taken one of the three samples as Tester respectively, the other two together as Drivers, one forward and two reverse hybridization products were gotten. Having amplified by selective PCR, the products were inserted into vector, and then transferred into E.coli HB101. The colonies were screened by electrophoresis, reverse Northern afterwards, and the positive clones were sequenced. BLAST in NCBI was performed to compare and analyze the positive clones (expressed sequence Tag, ESTs). Results: Totally 298 clones were gotten and 61 positive clones were obtained after screening. The 61 selected positive clones were sequenced and 54 sequences were goten. Conclusion: Instead of traditional SSH, an improved SSH with 2 Drivers was applied in the experiment. The improved program is reasonable and correct in both theory and practice.
文摘The work of Muhe and Mouret in the late 1980s,paved the way for mainstream laparoscopic procedures and it rapidly became the mainstream method for many intra-abdominal procedures.Natural orifice transluminal surgery(NOTES)and Laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery(LESS)are very exciting new modalities in the field of minimally invasive surgery which work for further reducing the scars of standard laparoscopy and towards scarless surgery.However,according to objective assessment of the literatures,there is no clearly demonstrated benefit of NOTES(LESS),even cosmesis is poorly supported and had mixed results in the available data.NOTES(LESS)is far from the truly scarless surgery.Towards the Holy Grail,we have developed several techniques of creating nonvisible scar and named them as"Scar-hidden Endoscopic Surgery".With the rapid development of science and technology,we believe that minimally invasive surgery over the next2 decades will continue to bring remarkable change and realize truly scarless surgery even we may not be able to imagine what lies ahead.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4700100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225003,52073060 and 61927805)+3 种基金the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX21019)the Clinical Trials from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(2022-LCYJ-ZD-01)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120054)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324133214038).
文摘Complete wound healing without scar formation has attracted increasing attention,prompting the development of various strategies to address this challenge.In clinical settings,there is a growing preference for emerging biomedical technologies that effectively manage fibrosis following skin injury,as they provide high efficacy,cost-effectiveness,and minimal side effects compared to invasive and costly surgical techniques.This review gives an overview of the latest developments in advanced biomedical technologies for scarless wound management.We first introduce the wound healing process and key mechanisms involved in scar formation.Subsequently,we explore common strategies for wound treatment,including their fabrication methods,superior performance and the latest research developments in this field.We then shift our focus to emerging biomedical technologies for scarless wound healing,detailing the mechanism of action,unique properties,and advanced practical applications of various biomedical technology-based therapies,such as cell therapy,drug therapy,biomaterial therapy,and synergistic therapy.Finally,we critically assess the shortcomings and potential applications of these biomedical technologies and therapeutic methods in the realm of scar treatment.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.U21A2099,82102545)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M701627)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515011982,2020A1515110062).
文摘The revolutionary role of tissue adhesives in wound closure,tissue sealing,and bleeding control necessitates the development of multifunctional materials capable of effective and scarless healing.In contrast to the use of traditionally utilized toxic oxidative crosslinking initiators(exemplified by sodium periodate and silver nitrate),herein,the natural polyphenolic compound tannic acid(TA)was used to achieve near instantaneous(<25s),hydrogen bond mediated gelation of citrate-based mussel-inspired bioadhesives combining anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities(3A-TCMBAs).The resulting materials were self-healing and possessed low swelling ratios(<60%)as well as considerable mechanical strength(up to~1.0 MPa),elasticity(elongation~2700%),and adhesion(up to 40 kPa).The 3A-TCMBAs showed strong in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant ability,favorable cytocompatibility and cell migration,as well as photothermal antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli(>90%bacterial death upon near-infrared(NIR)irradiation).In vivo evaluation in both an infected full-thickness skin wound model and a rat skin incision model demonstrated that 3A-TCMBAs+NIR treatment could promote wound closure and collagen deposition and improve the collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio on wound sites while simultaneously inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Further,phased angiogenesis was observed via promotion in the early wound closure phases followed by inhibition and triggering of degradation&remodeling of the extracellular matrix(ECM)in the late stage(supported by phased CD31(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1)PDGF(platelet-derived growth factor)and VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor)expression as well as elevated matrix metalloprotein-9(MMP-9)expression on day 21),resulting in scarless wound healing.The significant convergence of material and bioactive properties elucidated above warrant further exploration of 3A-TCMBAs as a significant,new class of bioadhesive.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32070826,31871464Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission,Grant/Award Number:KJQN202200471+5 种基金Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical,Grant/Award Number:2020GDRC017CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,Grant/Award Number:W0075Senior Medical Talents Program of ChongqingKey Research Cultivating Project of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Grant/Award Number:PYZD201603Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing in 2016,Grant/Award Number:CXTDG201602006Brigham Research Institute。
文摘Complete skin reconstruction is a hierarchical,physiological assembly process involving healing of the epidermis,dermis,vasculature,nerves,and cutaneous appendages.To date,few works have reported complete skin regeneration,particularly lacking vascular structures and hair follicles after full skin defects.In this study,a hydrogel derived from the skin secretion of Andrias davidianus(SSAD)that features adhesiveness was used as a bioactive scaffold to load micronized amnion(MA).The SSAD hydrogel was found to promote the migration and proliferation of amnion stem cells and human keratinocytes,as well as inhibit their apoptosis in vitro.In a rat full-skin defect model,the regeneration of skin appendages was observed at the wound area,achieving scarless healing.Transcriptome analyses further validated that SSAD could positively regulate cell migration,proliferation,and differentiation.These functions might be attributed to the abundant growth factors present in the SSAD.Synergized by the delivery of MA,SSAD loaded with the MA could achieve a significantly better skin regeneration effect than SSAD or MA used alone,providing a simple yet highly effective means to obtain complete,scarless skin regeneration,suggesting favorable potential for clinical translation.
基金This work was supported in part by National Basic Science and Development Program (973 Program, 2005CB52203 )National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 30230370,30400172)
文摘Objective ：To study the differences of gene expression between earlier gestational skin and later gestational skin of rats with the aids of single primer amplification （SPA） and high-density oligonucleotide DNA array to understand the molecular mechanism of scarless healing. Methods： Total RNAs were isolated from fetal rat skin of the scarless（E15） and scar-forming （ E18 ） periods of gestation （term = 21.5 days）. The RNAs from earlier gestational skin （ EGS ） and later gestational skin （ LGS ） were both reversely transcribed to cDNAs, then labeled with the incorporation of fluorescent dCTP for preparing the hybridization probes by SPA method. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the oligonucleotide DNA arrays which contained 5 705 probes representing 5 705 rat genes. After highly stringent washing, these DNA arrays were scanned for fluorescent signals to display the differentially expressed genes between the 2 groups of skin. Results. Among 5 705 rat genes, there were 53 genes （0.93%） with differentially expressed levels between EGS and LGS groups, 27 genes, including fibroblast growth factor 2 （ FGF2 ） and follistatin were up-regulated （0.47%） and 26 genes were down-regulated （0.46%） in fetal skin during scarless period versus scar-forming period. Higher expressions of FGF2 and follistatin in EGS than those in LGS were also revealed by RT-PCR method. Conclusions： High-density oligonucleotide DNA array provided a powerful tool for investigating differential gene expression in earlier and later gestational fetal skins. This technology validates that the mechanism of fetal scarless healing is very complicate and the change of many gene expressions is associated with fetal scarless healing.
文摘目的 :观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)和癌基因 c fos及 c myc在胎儿和成人皮肤细胞内的转录和翻译的变化规律及其对胎儿伤口无瘢愈合的影响。方法 :16份被测标本中包括不同胎龄的胎儿皮肤和成人皮肤组织各 8例。用逆转录多聚酶链反应 (RT PCR)方法检测这 3种基因在不同的组织细胞内的表达变化规律 ,用免疫组织化学 SP法和常规病理技术确定这 3种蛋白在胎儿和成人皮肤组织中的定位和表达量。结果 :在胎儿皮肤组织细胞中 ,b FGF和 c m yc2种基因都发生转录 ,而 c fos基因的 m RNA含量很低 ;随着胎儿的生长发育 ,3种基因的蛋白含量逐渐增大 ,b FGF蛋白主要分布于表皮细胞和血管内皮细胞的胞浆和胞外基质中 ,而 c fos和 c m yc的阳性颗粒则主要存在于表皮细胞中。与胎儿相比 ,成人皮肤组织中这 3种基因的 m RNA含量都明显升高 ,蛋白水平也显著增高 ,而 3种蛋白的分布没有明显变化。结论 :在成人皮肤组织内 ,b FGF、c fos和 c myc 3种基因转录和翻译的增强可能与伤口愈合形成瘢痕相关 ,而胎儿皮肤中这 3种基因的 m RNA和蛋白含量的降低可能是胎儿创面无瘢愈合的机制之一。
