盾构施工过程中土体大部分区域处于小应变状态,与常用的本构模型的土体性质有所不同。因此,为研究济南济泺路穿黄隧道区域内典型粉质黏土的的静动力行为特性及工程适用性,通过室内基础土工试验、侧限固结试验、标准三轴固结试验以及动...盾构施工过程中土体大部分区域处于小应变状态,与常用的本构模型的土体性质有所不同。因此,为研究济南济泺路穿黄隧道区域内典型粉质黏土的的静动力行为特性及工程适用性,通过室内基础土工试验、侧限固结试验、标准三轴固结试验以及动三轴试验,确定了粉质黏土基本物理性质参数以及切线刚度E_(oed)^(ref)、割线模量E_(50)^(ref)、卸载/重加载参考刚度E_(ur)^(ref),并将所得参数应用于济南济泺路穿黄隧道工程下穿北岸大堤沉降分析中,同时通过对比应用硬化土小应变硬化(hardening soil model with small strain stiffness,HSS)本构模型、摩尔库伦(M-C)本构模型的模拟结果与现场实测结果,验证了HSS本构模型在该地区变形分析中的准确性。结果表明:围压一定时,该地区粉质黏土试样竖向应变以塑性应变为主,且随动应力的增加,土体达到稳定所需时间越长;循环荷载一定时,增大土体围压可提高土体的稳定性;基于室内试验获取的HSS本构模型参数模拟的济南济泺路穿黄隧道下穿大堤工程地层变形结果与现场实测值吻合良好,验证了基于所提出的室内试验获取岩土小应变相关参数方法的适用性。研究成果可以丰富济南黄河地区粉质黏土地层参数研究,并为该地区岩土工程数值模拟分析的本构模型与地层参数选取提供参考。展开更多
Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relati...Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.展开更多
小应变硬化土(hardening soil with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型能反映土体在小应变范围内的非线性,广泛应用于土工变形分析。海上风电基础对变形控制要求高,需考虑土体的小应变特性。通过固结试验、三轴固结排水试验、三轴固结排...小应变硬化土(hardening soil with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型能反映土体在小应变范围内的非线性,广泛应用于土工变形分析。海上风电基础对变形控制要求高,需考虑土体的小应变特性。通过固结试验、三轴固结排水试验、三轴固结排水加卸载试验与共振柱试验,获得了江苏大丰海域海洋土HSS模型主要参数,并建立了HSS模型相关模量参数与土体物理参数之间的关系。试验成果可为海洋土HSS模型分析及参数取值提供重要参考,具有一定的工程价值。展开更多
The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists i...The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.展开更多
According to the definition, seismology is a science that studies the processes and causes of seismic phenomena and the structure of the Earth, i.e. a scientific discipline that studies the movement of blocks of rocks...According to the definition, seismology is a science that studies the processes and causes of seismic phenomena and the structure of the Earth, i.e. a scientific discipline that studies the movement of blocks of rocks of the Earth’s crust and mantle and related phenomena. Seismology conducts research in the following areas and is designed to scientifically explain two main issues: 1) Study of the nature of seismic phenomena and the internal structure of the Earth. Why, how and where do seismic impacts occur? 2) Protecting humanity from the catastrophic consequences of seismic events. Is it possible to predict seismic impacts? Like any other scientific discipline, seismology is obliged to follow the laws of science and its fundamental principles. This article is devoted to the description of violations of the fundamental laws of science committed by seismologists in the study of seismic processes and raises the question of compliance of the stated research directions with the current level of development of sciences. Answering point No. 1, regarding the structure of the Earth, it is possible to recognize some successes of seismology, which nevertheless cause great doubts in the scientific community of geophysicists, because if the stratigraphic data of ultra-deep wells often refute [1] the conclusions made by seismologists on the structure of the Earth’s crust at shallow depth, then to assert something unambiguously about the structure of the mantle and at the present stage, seismology cannot. Answering the main questions of seismology, why seismic phenomena occur, and how earthquake energy is formed, seismologists have not had, and have not. Answering point No. 2, we can confidently say that in the matter of forecasting seismic phenomena, seismology has not advanced one iota over the past century, and as seismologists have been confused in the search for earthquake prediction algorithms, they are also confused without any hope of success. All that modern seismology can “boast” is the theory of Elastic recoil [2], the absurdity of which does not cause any doubt among the progressive part of geophysicists. But, the fact that most of the leading scientists-seismologists continue to piously believe the conclusions of the Elastic Recoil theory puts seismology in a humiliating position, because Mr. Reid’s theory is the clearest example of a false theory based on scientific incompetence of scientists, a model of brazen violation of the fundamental laws of science and the foundation of false and ignorant conclusions. Based on the results achieved, or rather on their absence, we regret to draw a sad conclusion: modern seismology is in the deepest decline, the cause of which is the incompetence of researchers as a result of their catastrophically low level of academic training, who stuff the scientific community with scientific geophysical rubbish, breeding similar ignoramuses in seismology. We understand that by asserting this, we offend most seismologists, but it is impossible to continue to tolerate this state of affairs in geophysics, because: “Amicus plato, sed magis amica est veritas.” Obviously, the time has come for a new meteorologist, Alfred Wagener [3], who will come and teach seismologists not to guess on coffee grounds, but to investigate seismic processes using the fundamental laws of science. In this article, we not only investigate the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of affairs in seismology, but also give our answers to the questions, of why earthquakes occur and how seismic energy is formed.展开更多
文摘盾构施工过程中土体大部分区域处于小应变状态,与常用的本构模型的土体性质有所不同。因此,为研究济南济泺路穿黄隧道区域内典型粉质黏土的的静动力行为特性及工程适用性,通过室内基础土工试验、侧限固结试验、标准三轴固结试验以及动三轴试验,确定了粉质黏土基本物理性质参数以及切线刚度E_(oed)^(ref)、割线模量E_(50)^(ref)、卸载/重加载参考刚度E_(ur)^(ref),并将所得参数应用于济南济泺路穿黄隧道工程下穿北岸大堤沉降分析中,同时通过对比应用硬化土小应变硬化(hardening soil model with small strain stiffness,HSS)本构模型、摩尔库伦(M-C)本构模型的模拟结果与现场实测结果,验证了HSS本构模型在该地区变形分析中的准确性。结果表明:围压一定时,该地区粉质黏土试样竖向应变以塑性应变为主,且随动应力的增加,土体达到稳定所需时间越长;循环荷载一定时,增大土体围压可提高土体的稳定性;基于室内试验获取的HSS本构模型参数模拟的济南济泺路穿黄隧道下穿大堤工程地层变形结果与现场实测值吻合良好,验证了基于所提出的室内试验获取岩土小应变相关参数方法的适用性。研究成果可以丰富济南黄河地区粉质黏土地层参数研究,并为该地区岩土工程数值模拟分析的本构模型与地层参数选取提供参考。
文摘Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.
文摘小应变硬化土(hardening soil with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型能反映土体在小应变范围内的非线性,广泛应用于土工变形分析。海上风电基础对变形控制要求高,需考虑土体的小应变特性。通过固结试验、三轴固结排水试验、三轴固结排水加卸载试验与共振柱试验,获得了江苏大丰海域海洋土HSS模型主要参数,并建立了HSS模型相关模量参数与土体物理参数之间的关系。试验成果可为海洋土HSS模型分析及参数取值提供重要参考,具有一定的工程价值。
文摘The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.
文摘According to the definition, seismology is a science that studies the processes and causes of seismic phenomena and the structure of the Earth, i.e. a scientific discipline that studies the movement of blocks of rocks of the Earth’s crust and mantle and related phenomena. Seismology conducts research in the following areas and is designed to scientifically explain two main issues: 1) Study of the nature of seismic phenomena and the internal structure of the Earth. Why, how and where do seismic impacts occur? 2) Protecting humanity from the catastrophic consequences of seismic events. Is it possible to predict seismic impacts? Like any other scientific discipline, seismology is obliged to follow the laws of science and its fundamental principles. This article is devoted to the description of violations of the fundamental laws of science committed by seismologists in the study of seismic processes and raises the question of compliance of the stated research directions with the current level of development of sciences. Answering point No. 1, regarding the structure of the Earth, it is possible to recognize some successes of seismology, which nevertheless cause great doubts in the scientific community of geophysicists, because if the stratigraphic data of ultra-deep wells often refute [1] the conclusions made by seismologists on the structure of the Earth’s crust at shallow depth, then to assert something unambiguously about the structure of the mantle and at the present stage, seismology cannot. Answering the main questions of seismology, why seismic phenomena occur, and how earthquake energy is formed, seismologists have not had, and have not. Answering point No. 2, we can confidently say that in the matter of forecasting seismic phenomena, seismology has not advanced one iota over the past century, and as seismologists have been confused in the search for earthquake prediction algorithms, they are also confused without any hope of success. All that modern seismology can “boast” is the theory of Elastic recoil [2], the absurdity of which does not cause any doubt among the progressive part of geophysicists. But, the fact that most of the leading scientists-seismologists continue to piously believe the conclusions of the Elastic Recoil theory puts seismology in a humiliating position, because Mr. Reid’s theory is the clearest example of a false theory based on scientific incompetence of scientists, a model of brazen violation of the fundamental laws of science and the foundation of false and ignorant conclusions. Based on the results achieved, or rather on their absence, we regret to draw a sad conclusion: modern seismology is in the deepest decline, the cause of which is the incompetence of researchers as a result of their catastrophically low level of academic training, who stuff the scientific community with scientific geophysical rubbish, breeding similar ignoramuses in seismology. We understand that by asserting this, we offend most seismologists, but it is impossible to continue to tolerate this state of affairs in geophysics, because: “Amicus plato, sed magis amica est veritas.” Obviously, the time has come for a new meteorologist, Alfred Wagener [3], who will come and teach seismologists not to guess on coffee grounds, but to investigate seismic processes using the fundamental laws of science. In this article, we not only investigate the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of affairs in seismology, but also give our answers to the questions, of why earthquakes occur and how seismic energy is formed.
