Evaluation of Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 Cord Fabrics for Scooter Tyre Production under Different Curing Conditions

Cord fabric is a critical material used in the manufacture of tyres and various composite materials to increase durability and strength. The tyre consists of many layers of cord fabric, with each layer being referred to as a cord ply. These layers are strategically positioned within the tyre’s internal structure, particularly in the tread and sidewall areas, to improve handling, durability and impact resistance. The cord fabric also serves a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the tyre, ensuring that it retains its contour and resists deformations under different operating conditions. This study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using Nylon 6 (NY6) and Nylon 66 (NY66) cord fabrics in scooter tire production, with a focus on their mechanical behavior under varying curing temperatures and pressures. It was observed that while the curing time for both NY6 and NY66 remained consistent across different platen temperatures and pressures, their mechanical properties showed significant differences. NY6, known for its flexibility and impact resistance, exhibited greater changes in cord-breaking strength and elongation with increasing temperature, showing a marked decrease in breaking strength at higher temperatures. In contrast, NY66 maintained better stability and performance under similar conditions.

Emergency department electric scooter injuries after the introduction of shared e-scooter services: A retrospective review of 3,331 cases

BACKGROUND: To determine the frequency, characteristics, and use of resources related to electric scooter(e-scooter) injuries in the emergency department(ED) of a major metropolitan area hospital.METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all ED presentations related to e-scooter injuries at a level I trauma center between May 2017 and February 2020. We identified ED presentation data, injury-related data, patients’ clinical course after evaluation, injury diagnosis, surgical procedures, and ED readmissions.RESULTS: A total of 3,331 patients with e-scooter injuries presented to the ED over a 34-month period. There was a 6-fold increase in e-scooter-related injuries presenting to the ED, from an average of 26.9 injuries per month before the introduction of shared e-scooter services in August 2018 to an average of 152.6 injuries per month after its introduction. The average injury rate during weekdays was 3.27 per day, with the majority of injuries occurring in the afternoon. The most common mechanism of injury was rider fall(79.1%). There were a total of 2,637 orthopedic injuries, of which 599(22.7%) were fractures. A total of 296(8.9%) patients were hospitalized following the initial ED admission, and 462 surgeries were performed within 7 days of ED arrival.CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of the shared e-scooter services is associated with a dramatic increase in e-scooter injuries presenting to the ED. E-scooter use carries considerably underestimated injury risks of high-energy trauma and misunderstood mechanisms of injuries. These injuries challenge the healthcare system, with a major impact on both EDs and surgical departments.

Simulation on Driving System Used for Differential Steering of Electric Scooter

To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed control system used for driving and steering of an electric scooter, a model of differential steering was developed. The function of electronic differential steering was realized by controlling the speed of right or left wheel and the corresponding speed difference. The control system was simulated with MATLAB/SIMUL1NK and ADAMS. It is found that the motor load torque is proportional to the tire vertical force, so the adhesive capacity is met. The electric scooter can operate stably on the slope road at a speed of more than 1.5 m/s and turn stably at yawing velocities of 10° and 90°per second.

Design and Analysis of Hybrid Systems for Scooters

Hybrid technology has been widely developed for various vehicles in recent years.However,due to the limitation of size and space,it is difficult to apply the technology in the small two-wheeled vehicles,especially scooters.For scooters,the hybrid system could be with small capacity,and must be simple and affordable.The Purpose of this study is to analyze and develop the conceptual designs of fuel-electric hybrid systems especially for scooters.Firstly,the graph called ＂function power graph（FPG）＂ is defined,which transforms traditional mechanical schematic diagrams into simplified graphs,and makes the characteristics of hybrid systems can be identified clearly.Based on the FPG,a systematic method for synthesizing all possible arrangements of hybrid systems,then,is developed,and the hybrid system arrangements with one internal combustion engine（ICE）,one electric machine（M/G）,and some mechanical clutch units are all enumerated.In order to evaluate the applicability of these design concepts for Scooters,twelve system functions and three system complexities are defined,and this evaluation process can be automated numerically by using a computer program,which is Matlab in this study.With the systematic design and analysis methods developed,the function capability and characteristics of current hybrid systems can be easily identified,and also,new and useful hybrid systems are found for future possible applications.

Unpowered Scooter-Related Injuries among Adolescents and Adults in the United States 2007-2017

United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) reported a 700% increase in Emergency Department (ED) visits for injuries attributed to unpowered scooter use from January through October 2000. Our objective is to investigate injuries associated with the use of unpowered scooters among adolescents from the age of >9 years to 20 years in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance Study (NEISS) data set from 2007-2017. We analyzed unpowered scooter-related injuries in the NEISS data set using variables: SCOOTER, INJURED, AFTER, OFF, AT and IN;the product code for injuries related to unpowered scooters is 1329, and age ≥9 years and 9 - 19 - <99 years. Distribution by race: White 39.65%, Not Specified (NS) 38.94%, Black/African American 13.98% and Others (Asian, American Indians, Alaskan natives, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders) 7.43%. Body parts injured: head 16.19%, followed by face 8.49%, finger 8.30%, lower trunk 8.30%, ankle 5.60%, upper trunk 5.35%, internal injuries 0.99% and others 14.28%. Most of the injuries were mild: Treated and Discharged 89.80%, Hospitalized 7.68%, and Death in ED 0.05%. The locations of injuries were: Occurred at Home 43.47%, UNK 29.78%, Sports 12.63%, Public 6.49%, School 5.35%, and Street 2.22%. Injury trend: a rise until 2010, a decline until 2015 and, then a sharp rise through 2017. Injuries from the use of unpowered scooters are a rising threat that should be given attention. Outcome: Most of the injuries 69.80% were mild treated and discharged, 7.68% were hospitalized, while death in ED was 0.05%. Whereas: Transfer to referral hospital was about the same as in adults. Although most of these injuries were minor, head injuries could lead to more serious problems, and severe injuries could be life-threatening.

Electric scooter injuries:Incidence and injury patterns at a level I trauma center

Purpose:Electric scooters(e-scooters)have become an increasingly popular mode of public transportation in recent years.As the incidence of related injuries rises,it is important to understand specific fracture patterns unique to e-scooters and electric bikes(e-bikes)to help guide management.The purpose of this study was to review the prevalence and describe specific fracture patterns of e-scooter and ebike related injuries at the busiest level 1 trauma center in the borough of Manhattan.Methods:Chart review to determine mechanism of injury was performed on all patients for whom an orthopedic consult was requested from 1/1/2021 to 12/31/2021.All patients whose injuries were sustained due to an e-scooter or e-bike were further reviewed for demographics,injury characteristics including fracture pattern,and definitive injury management.Any patients who had an orthopedic consult placed for a reason other than an acute injury were excluded.Descriptive statistics are reported as frequency(percentage)for categorical variables and means for continuous variables.Results:Of the 1815 orthopedic consults requested,1357(74.8%)were for acute injury management.Of those with acute injuries,119(8.8%)sustained 136 e-scooter or e-bike related injuries.There were 92(77.3%)males at an average age of(33.8±15.7)years.Approximately one-fifth of all patients presented in June 2021(26,21.8%).There was a 9.2%rate of open fractures.The 136 injuries were evenly split between the upper and lower extremities,with 57(47.9%)upper extremity,57(47.9%)lower extremity injuries,and 5(4.2%)concomitant upper and lower extremity injuries.The most common fracture patterns were ankle fractures(16,11.7%),followed by tibial shaft(14,10.2%),tibial plateau(13,9.5%),and radial head fractures(11,8.0%).There was a 33.3%incidence of associated posterior malleolar fractures in the spiral tibial shaft fractures,31.0%of posterior malleolar involvement and 18.8%of isolated vertical medial malleolar fractures in the ankle fractures,and 61.5%of posterior comminution in the tibial plateau fractures.Conclusion:E-scooter and e-bike related injuries have a high incidence of tibial shaft fractures,ankle fractures,tibial plateau fractures,and radial head fractures.There should be a high index of suspicion for posterior and medial involvement in lower extremity fractures sustained due to e-scooter or e-bikes.Identifying specific fracture patterns seen in e-scooter and e-bike related mechanisms will help guide management of these injuries.

基于情景模拟标准的电动滑板车安全风险场景再现构建

基于国家标准《消费品安全危害识别情景模拟法》(GB/T 39108-2020)中的相关规定,通过相关软件与硬件搭建电动滑板车风险分析平台,模拟场景设计、执行测评、数据收集和结果分析等过程,分析了电动滑板车风险试验系统的构建过程,为后续电动滑板车的风险分析提供理论依据和试验平台。

基于Jack的老年电动代步车人机工程设计与优化

目的满足行动不便的老年用户群体复杂的出行需求,提高电动代步车类工具使用过程中的舒适度。方法在传统老年电动代步车的基础上附加辅助站立结构,创新设计出一款坐、立两用的新型电动代步车,并借助Jack仿真软件,对老年用户坐姿驾驶和辅助站立支撑状态下的舒适度、可达域、可视域,以及上车过程中L4/L5下背部的受力情况进行分析,以验证关键人机交互结构、尺寸设计的合理性及舒适性。结论通过验证和调整,对电动代步车的初期设计方案进行改进,优化后的方案为老年电动代步工具的设计提供了参考,可以为满足老年用户复杂的出行需求、提高电动代步车类工具使用过程中的舒适度和安全性提供帮助。

用户认知视角下的产品设计方法研究

目的为提高用户认知与产品映射关系的明确性与有效性,提升产品使用过程中用户认知的满意度。方法从用户认知视角出发,结合信息加工模型,集成认知任务分析方法与结构方程模型,解构用户认知与产品体验的映射关系,构建用户认知视角下的产品设计方法流程。结果以老年代步车作为设计研究对象。首先,通过认知任务分析方法明确产品“认知任务—认知路径—设计要素—产品体验”的设计分析流程;其次,引入结构方程模型以确定代步车设计要素权重,识别不同产品体验中的关键设计要素;最后,结合用户人群需求,进行设计决策和方案细化。结论该方法可识别用户对产品的关键认知触点,减少用户认知在设计创造过程产生的“黑箱”,帮助设计师确定用户认知与产品体验之间的建构路径,为设计师在具体的实践活动中提供明确的设计依据,丰富了认知心理学在设计领域的实践研究。

改进YOLOv5s算法的电动车头盔检测研究

针对电动车头盔佩戴检测存在遮挡、车辆密集以及一车多人的复杂场景下出现的漏检、误检问题,在YOLOv5s的基础上,提出了一种应用于电动车头盔佩戴检测的改进算法。设计了一种由递归门控卷积改进的GBC3模块,替换网络主干和特征融合层(feature pyramid networks,FPN)中的C3模块,加强邻间特征的空间信息交互,提高网络的特征提取和特征融合能力;其次在主干和特征融合网络添加无参注意力机制(SimAM),以调整特征图中不同区域的注意力权重,对重要目标施加更多关注;最后引入调整超参后的WIOU损失函数,优化预测框回归,提高模型的目标定位能力。在自制电动车头盔数据集上的实验结果表明,改进模型在仅增加较少参数的前提下,其平均精度均值(mAP)达到97.3%,较YOLOv5s提高了3.2%,并且检测速度为87.1 fps,改善了误检和漏检的问题,同时仍具有较高的实时性,更适用于电动车驾乘者的头盔佩戴检测。

防止电瓶车进入电梯轿厢的报警装置研究

随着我国房地产行业的快速发展,电梯行业逐步进入了高速发展阶段。电梯与人们的日常生活越来越密切,安全乘梯事关人民群众的生命财产安全和经济社会的稳定发展。然而,迄今为止,多起电梯轿厢内电瓶自燃的安全事故发生。随着人们对电瓶车的使用越来越广泛,电瓶车自燃事件明显增加。全国各地的特种设备监管部门陆续颁布指令,禁止电瓶车进入电梯,同时要求在电梯门口粘贴相关标语。为了更有效地降低同类事故的发生率,广东工程职业技术学院设计开发了一套电梯外挂设备,该设备能识别电瓶车进入电梯轿厢的行为,并与电梯控制系统联动,使电梯轿门无法关闭,电梯暂停运行,直至电瓶车退出轿厢,电梯再恢复正常运行,具有一定的应用和推广价值。

基于KE/AHP/SAFC的老年代步工具设计研究

目的针对当下老年代步工具缺乏及设计紊乱问题,从老年代步车入手,通过对在造型设计中审美缺失的关注及对产品功能性的需求进行考虑,提出相关的综合性设计。方法通过资料收集法与市场调研确定代步车感性词汇,并分析造型特征要素,结合层次分析法建立造型设计要素评价体系,通过问卷调研得到符合用户感性需求的造型要素,并以此为主体,结合SAFC模型分析造型要素与功能间的关系,进行功能属性的结构化呈现,运用矛盾冲突解决理论进行创新设计。结果以感性需求为基础,进行代步车造型设计并获取合理的功能解决方案。结论构建集成了感性工学、层次分析法、SAFC理论的产品创新设计流程,并运用设计实践及评价表明了此方法具有一定的可行性。

F-AHP/QFD/TRIZ集成在儿童滑板车创新设计中的应用

目的提高企业的市场竞争力和品牌影响力,解决设计过程中基于用户需求的产品创新问题。方法结合模糊层次分析法、质量功能配置和TRIZ理论,提出一种分析用户需求、发现设计问题,解决设计问题的三阶产品创新设计模型。通过分析用户需求与产品设计间的相互关系,将用户需求转化为产品创新设计的重要技术特性指标,依据发明问题解决理论设计出满足用户需求且具有创新价值的产品设计方案。结果以儿童滑板车为案例,通过分析用户需求,结合创新设计方法设计出一款集摇摇车、学步车和滑板车为一体的多功能儿童玩具车。结论这种产品创新设计模型提升了工业产品的附加值和竞争力,促进了产品创新设计的新发展,实现了企业经济效益和品牌效益的提升。

基于形态分析法的电动滑板车设计研究

为更好解决国内城市代步出行“最后一公里”的问题,设计出新颖且能够满足消费者多层次需求的电动滑板车。应用了形态分析法对电动滑板车进行设计因素的分解并建立形态分析矩阵,设计因素主要有造型特征、充电方式、骑乘姿势与是否可折叠等,然后对其各个因素下的方案进行分析整合得到若干种设计方案。从中筛选出3个设计方案,通过对可乘坐空间、多功能、外观造型等因素进行权重分析,对方案再次进行筛选,最终通过问卷调查获取用户对电动滑板车外观造型的满意度来确定最优设计方案。该方法可以为今后的电动滑板车的设计创新提供参考与经验。

情感化设计在儿童滑板车中的应用研究

探究情感化设计理论在儿童滑板车设计中的应用方法,拓展情感化设计理论在儿童产品设计领域的应用。通过分析儿童的生理和心理特征,结合情感化设计理论在设计实践的应用研究,从本能层、行为层和反思层3个维度,提出儿童滑板车情感化设计策略,进行设计实践。设计出一辆符合儿童情感需求的太空主题儿童滑板车。情感化设计理论和方法可为其他儿童滑板车设计提供新的设计思路,提高产品的趣味性,增强儿童的运动积极性,促进身心健康发展。

融合情景分析与多维技术创新地图的专利群规避设计——基于在线评论驱动的视角

[研究目的]专利规避是企业突破技术壁垒、提升竞争优势并获取领先地位的重要武器。针对已有研究多局限于产品技术系统功能设计,缺乏对用户需求、产品使用环境和未来不确定性的考虑,以及规避设计求解过程繁琐等,提出一种在线评论驱动下融合情景分析与多维技术创新地图的专利群规避设计方法。[研究方法]首先,通过在线评论分析用户需求,并深入挖掘产品在未来使用情景中潜在的隐性需求;其次,利用SAO语义分析、多维技术创新地图及功能导向搜索分别构建目标专利群和知识源专利的三级语义知识库;再次,通过知识迁移识别创新要素,利用多维技术创新地图的维-法耦合原理生成系列专利群规避设计方案。最后,以电动滑板车领域的专利群规避设计研究为例验证了本方法的可行性。[研究结论]结果表明,本研究所提方法能够帮助企业高效开展专利规避设计,加速产品迭代和技术进步。

电动滑板车国内外标准的分析

随着无刷电机、锂电池技术提升,电动滑板车实现小型化。电动滑板车作为最重要、最有影响的小轮径车派系,具有速度快、续航长的特点,加上结构设计巧妙、可折叠、方便携带,深受城市年轻群体青睐。近年电动滑板车快速发展,与电动自行车一起成为人们近途出行重要交通工具。本文介绍电动滑板车在我国和欧盟国家的标准差异,为检测机构测试和生产企业出口提供参考。

基于GD32的无刷直流电机双路驱动器设计

介绍了一种新型的基于GD32F330单片机的电动滑板车控制系统。对无刷直流电机控制系统的原理进行了分析,在此基础上从硬件和软件两方面设计了针对无刷直流电机的双闭环(电流环、速度环)控制系统。在MATLAB/Simulink平台上进行的仿真实验和电机转速变化分析表明,该系统具有较好的动态特性和抗干扰能力。

基于AHP-QFD的共享老年代步车人机工程设计

目的本文旨在结合人机工程学理论和方法,研究老年代步车及其相关服务领域问题,打造更为适老的产品,同时以共享服务为目标提供创新的解决方案。方法在综合考虑老年代步车的人机关系、尺寸、交互,以及服务等各方面的基础上,对老年人的生理、心理及出行特征进行研究,通过AHP-QFD法,对老年人需求及服务管理需求进行实证研究,并综合进行产品及服务设计。结论研究结果表明,通过分析人机需求,将共享服务模式应用于养老社区环境的老人出行方式之中,规范了老年人的驾驶行为,减少了驾驶安全隐患,综合提升了用户体验,为解决老年人短途出行提供了新的途径。通过AHP-QFD法,将不同层次的需求转化为功能,提升了产品需求研究的科学性和准确性,并为复杂多类型产品需求研究提供了方法。