Discrimination of pressed sesame oil:A comparison study of non-targeted UV spectral fingerprints combined with different chemometric methods

This study explores the utilization of various chemometric analytical methods for determining the quality of pressed sesame oil with different adulteration levels of refined sesame oil using UV spectral fingerprints.The goal of this study was to provide a reliable tool for assessing the quality of sesame oil.The UV spectra of 51 samples of pressed sesame oil and 420 adulterated samples with refined sesame oil were measured in the range of 200-330 nm.Various classification and prediction methods,including linear discrimination analysis(LDA),support vector machines(SVM),soft independent modeling of class analogy(SIMCA),partial least squares regression(PLSR),support vector machine regression(SVR),and back-propagation neural network(BPNN),were employed to analyze the UV spectral data of pressed sesame oil and adulterated sesame oil.The results indicated that SVM outperformed the other classification methods in qualitatively identifying adulterated sesame oil,achieving an accuracy of 96.15%,a sensitivity of 97.87%,and a specificity of 80%.For quantitative analysis,BPNN yielded the best prediction results,with an R^(2) value of 0.99,RMSEP of 2.34%,and RPD value of 10.60(LOD of 8.60%and LOQ of 28.67%).Overall,the developed models exhibited significant potential for rapidly identifying and predicting the quality of sesame oil.

Analysis of flavor and widely metabolomics differences in black sesame before and after processing

The objective of this study was to determine the differences of aroma and taste in three black sesame originsbefore and after processing via flavor and widely metabolomics.By analyzing the sensory characteristics and metabolites of raw and treated black sesame from China,Vietnam,and Myanmar,treated Chinese sesame have the most significant change in hardness after thermal processing,low viscosity and was easy to chew.The electronic nose could distinguish between raw and treated sesame due to the aroma distribution.The reason of treated sesame from China was“fragrant”is due to the highest content(2545.50μg/kg)of total pyrazines including 2,5-dimethylpyrazine,2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine,2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine,3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine.933 metabolites were detected via a wide targeted metabolomics in the taste of raw and treated sesame.Based on the analysis of metabolites related to bitterness,145 substances were selected.The main bitter contributors may be amino acids,dipeptides and organic acids.

Effect of defatted flaxseed gum powder addition on the quality of sesame paste

The study explored the influence of defatted flaxseed gum powder(DFGP) on the stability and quality of sesame paste by measuring and analyzing its composition, color, texture, particle size, centrifugal oil separation rate,rheological properties, and microstructure. The results showed that the moisture and polysaccharide content of sesame paste was increased as the DFGP increased. Additionally, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the sesame paste was improved, while the presence of particles with small particle size(1–100 μm) was decreased.The rate of oil precipitation was reduced by 28.99% when the amount of DFGP was 6%. The sesame paste samples exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, demonstrating shear thinning. As the shear rate increased, the apparent viscosity of sesame paste gradually decreased. Both the storage modulus(G’) and the loss modulus(G’’) increased as the shear frequency increased. The microstructure observation revealed that protein and oil were evenly distributed in the sesame paste system, and the addition of DFGP enhanced the bonding between oil and protein.This study can provide valuable references for high-quality sesame paste products in the food industry.

Deletion of a 1,049 bp sequence from the 5′UTR upstream of the SiHEC3 gene induces a seed non-shattering mutation in sesame

Sesame is a labor intensive crop with limited mechanized harvesting mainly due to the seed shattering(SS)trait.In this study,we performed a genetic analysis of the seed-shattering resistance(SR)trait with a SR sesame mutant 12M07.Unlike the SS type,the parenchyma cells in the abscission zone of the 12M07 mutant are arranged loosely but adhere to the seed coat.Inheritance analysis of six generations derived from 12M07(SR)×Xiangcheng Dazibai(SS)showed that the SR trait is recessive and controlled by a single gene pair.Association mapping of the F2population with 888,619 variants(single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and insertion-deletion(InDels))and 31,884 structural variations(SVs)determined that only SV12002 in the 5′upstream region of gene Sindi0765000(named SiHEC3)in Chr.3 was significantly associated with the SR trait.SiHEC3 encodes the bHLH transcription factor.A 1,049 bp deletion occurred in the 5′UTR of Sihec3 in 12M07.SiHEC3 is mainly expressed in developing placental tissues,with the expression peaking in capsules at 45 days after pollination.A dual-luciferase reporter assay in tobacco confirmed that the promoter activity of Sihec3 was reduced because of the deletion of the 1,049 bp promoter sequence.Protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that HEC3 is co-expressed with nine key proteins,such as SHATTERPROOF1(SHP1)and SEEDSTICK(STK)which participate in the secondary wall biosynthesis of the abscission layer in plants.The findings of this study show the important function of Sihec3corresponding with the SR trait and supply the genetic information for breeding new varieties that are amenable to mechanized harvesting in sesame and other crops.

Identification of Sudanese Sesame Oil Quality Using a 680 nm Semiconductor Laser Spectrometer and Other Techniques

This study investigates the optical properties of sesame oil from traditional and industrial sources using a custom-designed semiconductor laser spectrometer, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. Six samples were collected from traditional presses and factories in Khartoum State and White Nile State. The spectrometer, constructed with a 680 nm semiconductor laser and various resistor values, measured the absorbance of sesame oil samples. UV-Vis spectroscopy identified absorbance peaks at 670 nm and 417 nm, corresponding to chlorophyll a and b. FTIR analysis showed nearly identical spectra among the samples, indicating similar chemical compositions. Laser spectrometer analysis revealed specific absorbance values for each sample. The results highlight the feasibility of using a 680 nm semiconductor laser for analyzing sesame oil, providing a cost-effective alternative to other wavelengths. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating traditional methods with modern spectroscopic techniques for the quality assessment of sesame oil.

美国宇航局Artemis月球探测计划简介

文章对NASA月球探测Artemis计划进行了概括,分析了NASA规划Artemis任务的科学研究策略与技术发展战略,介绍了Artemis月球探测计划的任务安排与先期试验测试,总结了Artemis月球探测计划的关键系统与实施基础,提出了对Artemis月球探测计划的思考及从中得到的启示,以期为中国未来的载人登月与深空探测工程提供有价值的借鉴和参考。

Research on Efficiency Improving Technology for Intercropping Sesame (Sesamum indicum) and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

[Objective] The research aimed to establish a optimized combination of intercropping and fertilization application technology of intercropping sesame （Sesamum indicum） and peanut（Arachis hypogaea）. [Method] Double factor randomized block design （2 fertilization methods and 5 ratios） was adopted, with 10 treatments, 3 repeats. There were a total of 30 plots, with plot area of 12.0 m2. Two fertilization methods included C1 [base fertilizer （540 g/plot compound fertilizer ＋ topdressing （90 g urea）] and C2 [all as base fertilizer （540 g/plot compound fertilizer）]. Five different proportions （sesame： peanut） were M1（2∶4）, M2（2∶6）, M3（1∶4）, monoculture sesame （CK1） and monoculture peanut （CK2）, respectively. [Result] Output value and land equivalent ratio （LER） of C1M2 treatment （6 lines peanut/2 lines sesame, base fertilizer 540 g/plot （compound fertilizer） ＋ （topdressing urea 90 g） were the highest of 22 378.68 yuan/hm2 and 1.56 respectively; sesame yield was 641.64 kg/hm2 and peanut yield was 2 506.67 kg/hm2. Output-input ratio was 4.94. The income was increased by 32.32% and 95.97% compared with only planting of peanuts and sesame. [Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for finding the best intercropping combinations of sesame and peanut and rational application fertilizations.

Capsule Development Characters at Different Positions of Sesame(Sesamum indicum)

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the capsule development at differ-ent positions of sesame （Sesamum indicum）. [Method] The number of flowers and capsules at lower part （below the 8th node from the bottom）, middle part （at 9th-20th nodes from the bottom） and upper part （above the 20th node） of sesame plants （Zhengzhi 98N09） was counted. The length, width, fresh weight of the capsules, fresh and dry weight of the seeds, and the dry weight of the capsule shel s at dif-ferent growth stages were measured. [Result] From the bottom to the top of sesame plants, the numbers of flowers and capsules at each node showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The 15th and the 12th node had the maxi-mum flower number （9.3 flowers per node on average） and the maximum capsule number （4.2 capsules per node on average）, respectively. The middle nodes had the highest capsule setting rate, up to 45.1%, fol owed by that at upper nodes, 30.1%, and the capsule setting rate at lower nodes was the smal est, only 25.0%. The capsule length, width, fresh weight, seed fresh weight, dry weight and capsule shel dry weight at middle part were higher than that at lower and upper part. Moreover, grain fil ing rates of the lower, middle and upper capsules were 0.003 5, 0.004 4 and 0.003 0 g/（capsule·d）. It suggests that the substances gave priority to supply the middle capsules during the development of capsules. [Conclusion] This study wil provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of high-yielding sesame.

Artemis影响人肝癌细胞BEL-7402/5-FU化疗药物敏感性的研究（英文）

目的探讨Artemis对人肝癌耐药细胞株BEL-7402/5-FU化疗药物敏感性的影响及其可能机制。方法将p SGU6/GFP/Neo/sh Artemis干扰质粒转染人肝癌耐药细胞BEL-7402/5-FU(sh Artemis组),通过Real-time PCR法检测P-gp基因表达水平变化;MTT法检测sh Artemis组细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶、丝裂霉素及索拉菲尼的IC50值和RI值;利用Western-blot法检测p-Artemis和ATM蛋白水平表达变化;使用ATM抑制剂KU55933联合丝裂霉素作用细胞48 h,Westernblot法观察ATM、γ-H2AX和Artemis蛋白水平表达变化。结果与对照组比较,sh Artemis组的P-gp mRNA表达水平下降(P<0.05),且对5-氟尿嘧啶、丝裂霉素和索拉菲尼的敏感性增加,IC50值和RI值均降低(P<0.05)。sh Artemis组的pArtemis与ATM蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);KU55933联合丝裂霉素作用细胞后,有效减少ATM蛋白的表达(P<0.05),同时γ-H2AX蛋白表达量增加(P<0.05),但Artemis蛋白表达无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论靶向干扰Artemis的表达能够增强细胞BEL-7402/5-FU对化疗药物的敏感性。此效应可能与Artemis作为BEL-7402/5-FU DNA损伤修复的分子开关,进而通过影响ATM参与DNA损伤修复有关。

Artemis:远程教学实时多媒体教室

Artemis是一种新的远程教学系统,它提供了虚拟的远程教室,其中教师与学生可以相互看到并进行授课,同时也提供了许多新颖的交互手段.在远程教室中,所有的参与者都共享一个多媒体黑板,在这个黑板上可以显示教材.发言者在发言的同时可以使用远程指针工具吸引听众注意他所讲的部分,并且可以利用注释工具创建图形、文字或视频的动态注释.整个讲课的过程还可以记录下来,作为一种现场课讲(courseware)发布,以便学生在自学时间里重复观看.

SESAME源项分析程序的应用与研究

详细分析了一套用于分析压水堆核电厂事故情况下源项释放的软件系统——SESAME系统,并针对秦山二期对SESAME系统中调用的函数、经验公式和固定常数进行了改编,希望建立适应于我国秦山二期的源项实时分析系统。

Artemis对人肝癌细胞系BEL-7402/5FU DNA损伤的影响

目的探讨转染sh Artemis干扰质粒对人肝癌细胞BEL-7402/5FU DNA损伤的影响。方法将人肝癌细胞分为正常对照组、脂质体对照组、空质粒对照组和转染sh Artemis干扰质粒实验组(sh Artemis实验组);建立DNA损伤模型,分别用0.625、1.25、2.5、5.0和10.0μg/m L的丝裂霉素C作用BEL-7402/5FU细胞24和48 h,MTT法检测细胞活性,Western blot观察磷酸化组蛋白H_2AX(γ-H_2AX)的表达;转染Artemis干扰质粒,检测Artemis、γ-H_2AX表达;彗星实验检测DNA的损伤。结果 0.625、1.25、2.5、5.0和10.0μg/m L的丝裂霉素C作用48h后肝癌细胞活力明显下降(P<0.05);丝裂霉素C刺激细胞48 h后,γ-H_2AX的表达量随着药物浓度的增加而增加;转染sh Artemis干扰质粒后,γ-H_2AX的表达量较正常对照组增加(P<0.05);sh Artemis实验组较正常对照组拖尾DNA量增加(P<0.05)。结论丝裂霉素C能够诱导肝癌细胞损伤;转染sh Artemis干扰质粒促进丝裂霉素C诱导的人肝癌细胞BEL-7402/5FU DNA损伤。

面向体系结构的可视化服务集成开发环境Artemis-VIDE

为支持直观易扩展的软件服务集成和所集成之应用系统的动态演化,本文提出了一个面向体系结构的可视化服务集成开发环境。该环境支持以图形化的方式定义系统的软件体系结构及相关协同逻辑,并据此生成内置于应用系统之中的运行时刻体系结构对象,作为应用系统运行和演化的基础。该环境还集成了服务搜索、基于图文法的体系结构检查等功能,为系统的开发、运行、监控和动态演化提供了一个一致、易用、可扩展的支撑平台。

复制阻滞应激引发的Artemis蛋白磷酸化调控细胞周期蛋白E的稳定性

Artemis是1个具有多种生物学功能的磷酸化蛋白,它在基因毒性应激引发的细胞周期检测点调控中起重要作用,但其调控机制知之甚少.为了探讨UVC等DNA复制阻滞应激引发的Artemis磷酸化及蛋白表达水平对细胞周期蛋白E的调控作用和调控机制.首先以Western印迹方法检测Artemis S516-645A突变细胞和Artemis表达降低细胞的细胞周期蛋白E的表达水平,发现ArtemisS516-645A突变细胞和多种Artemis siRNA转染细胞的细胞周期蛋白E表达水平均高于对照细胞.在此基础上,为分析细胞周期蛋白E表达受调控的分子机制,在稳定表达各种磷酸化状态Artemis的HEK-293细胞中导入外源性启动子转录驱动的细胞周期蛋白E表达质粒,发现表达Artemis S516-645A突变体的细胞中外源性的细胞周期蛋白E蛋白表达水平也高于野生型细胞.进一步的研究发现在Artemis蛋白表达降低的细胞中与泛素结合的细胞周期蛋白E减少而蛋白稳定性增加.本研究还发现Artemis蛋白对细胞周期蛋白E的调控过程是不依赖于p53和p21表达的.这些结果表明,Artemis S516-645A突变和Artemis表达降低都可以引起细胞周期蛋白E蛋白水平升高,该调控作用是在转录后水平发生的,可能是干扰了细胞周期蛋白E的泛素化介导的蛋白降解过程,并且该调控作用是独立于p53-p21信号通路的.

Analysis on Genetic Diversity and Genetic Basis of the Main Sesame Cultivars Released in China

SRAP （sequence-related amplified polymorphism） was used for the analysis of 67 sesame （Sesamum indicum L.） cultivars widely used in Chinese sesame major production areas from 1950 to 2007. A total of 561 bands were amplified using 21 SRAP random primer pairs, with 265 of them were polymorphic, resulting in a polymorphism ratio of 47.2%. The total bands and polymorphism amplified by each primer pair averaged 26.7 and 12.6, respectively. The average genetic similar coefficient and genetic distance of the 67 cultivars were 0.9104 and 0.0706, respectively, indicating limited genetic diversity and narrow genetic basis. Comparative analysis on genetic similarity and genetic distance of different classified cultivars showed that the difference of average genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance between the landraces and cultivars bred through crosses reached significant levels （P=0.01）, with the genetic basis of landraces wider than that bred cultivars. The genetic basis of cultivars used in 1990-2007 was more narrow than that of cultivars from 1950 to 1969 and from 1970 to 1989, with the differences of average genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance reached 0.01 significant level. The genetic basis of Chinese sesame main cultivars is relatively narrow, and the genetic basis of cultivars developed through crosses in recent years is narrower than history cultivars.

Effect of silicone oil on the microstructure, gelation and rheological properties of sorbitan monostearate–sesame oil oleogels

Oleogels contain oil or a non-polar liquid which is gelled with an agent called an organogelator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of silicone oil(cyclopentasiloxane) to the gelation process and to the properties of sorbitan monostearate(SMS)–sesame oil oleogel and compared with that of SMS–sesame oil oleogel and SMS–cyclopentasiloxane oleogel. Three different oil phases; sesame oil phase, cyclopentasiloxane phase and a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane and sesame oil, were used to prepare oleogels with SMS gelator. The critical gelling concentrations(CGC) for oleogels were determined using different concentration of SMS in a range of 5%–22%(w/w). The characterization of the developed oleogels was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), polarized light microscope, rheometer, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The addition of cyclopentasiloxane reduced the CGC of SMS–sesame oil oleogel from 20% to 10%(w/w). In microscopic characterization, the oleogels with a mixture of oil phases showed the longer and thicker three-dimensional gel network than that of oleogels with sesame oil and cyclopentasiloxane. FTIR studies demonstrated that this network formation was mainly due to hydrogen bonding. Rheological measurements revealed that the combination of cyclopentasiloxane and sesame oil produced strong gel with higher complex modulus values and longer linear viscoelastic region than oleogels prepared with sesame oil and cyclopentasiloxane. In addition, oleogels with the combination of the two oils had higher enthalpy( H m) and entropy( S m) thus could increase thermodynamic stability of the oleogels. Therefore, the addition of cyclopentasiloxane can improve the physical, ther-mal properties and stability of SMS–sesame oil oleogel, provide greater sensory profile and better product aesthetics. The developed oleogel can be a novel carrier for topical drug delivery.

Production, Storage and Evaluation of Homemade and Processed Diet, Based on Wheat, Legumes, Sesame and Dates;for Under-Five Children

This study aimed to formulate a nutritive diet enriched with protein, iron and energy for under-five children. It was conducted in Elhosh rural area, Gezira State, Sudan, 2010. The diet was formulated and blended using locally available foods, produced at home level, by a twin-roller drum dryer and in biscuit form. The raw materials included pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) sesame (Sesamum indicum) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera). The three products were evaluated for their proximate composition, energy value, iron content and acceptability after storage at (4℃ - 6℃) and at room temperature for 5 months. The protein content of the products was (14.0 - 14.1 g/100g);the energy value ranged from 382 to 390 Kcal/100g, both in-line with many recommendations for children aged under five. The iron content was found in the range of 14.6 - 14.8 mg/100g, in agreement with the codex recommendation. Yeast, mold and salmonella were not detected while other microbes were found within acceptable values. Studied products were found nutritious and remained acceptable after storage for five months. Legumes, sesame seeds and dates can be effectively used in wheat-based baby foods as a source of protein and mineral supplement.

Response of African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>(Burchell 1822), Fingerlings Fed Diets Containing Differently Timed Wet-Heat-Treated Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i>) Seedmeal

The response of catfish fed differently timed wet-heat-treated sesame seedmeal was evaluated in the diet of Clarias gariepinus using growth performance, nutrient utilisation and apparent digesti-bility coefficient as indices. Three batches of sesame seed, which were cooked for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, dried, milled, and mechanically defatted using locally made screw press. Each of these differently processed seedmeals was included in the diet of African catfish at varying replacement levels, 15, 30 and 45% with soybean meal. There was good growth performance and nutrient uti-lization by Clarias gariepinus fed with differently timed wet-heat-treated sesame seed that was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from fish fed control diet. More so, the apparent digestibility coef-ficient for organic matter, protein, energy, lipid, fibre, carbohydrate in Clarias gariepinus fed with differently timed wet-heat-treated sesame seedmeal based diets in this study were comparable with the results obtained for fish fed control diets.

The Effect of Different Levels of Sesame Oil on Productive Performance, Egg Yolk and Blood Serum Lipid Profile in Laying Hens

Addition of sesame oil into layer diets has been proved to enrich the proportion of polyunsatu-rated fatty acids in animal’s products. In this study, the effects of different levels of sesame oil in the diets on the performance, egg yolk and blood serum lipid profile of Isa Brown laying hens were investigated. A total of 96 layers were assigned into 4 groups to receive either 1 of 4 different diets contained 0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% sesame oil, respectively. Sample of 12 eggs obtained from each groups were assessed for egg quality. The egg yolk fatty acid profile was determined with gas chromatography. Results revealed that the higher levels of sesame oil in the diet decreased egg production, egg weight, and egg yolk color except feed conversion ratio. In addition, supplementation of sesame oil increased the flow index of the eggs and the Haugh unite. The egg yolk lipid profile was not significantly different in the sesame oil fed groups, whereas, compare to control, it decreased the level of cholesterol. The blood serum lipid profile decreased in the sesame oil groups compare to control group. Meanwhile, monoacildigliserol also decreased in the sesame addition groups. In parallel with increasing levels of sesame oil, monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in the egg yolks significantly increased compared to the control (37.00%, 42.89%, 42.20% and 43.48%, respectively). It can be implied that sesame oil supplementation into the laying hens diet is necessary to produce monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) enriched eggs.

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphate Biofertilizers on Morphological and Agronomic Characteristics of Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i>L.)

In order to investigate the effects of Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer and nitroxin biofertilizers on agronomical characteristics of sesame, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors in Khoy city, northwest of Iran, in 2014 growing seasons. The factors were as follows: phosphorus fertilizer in three levels (control, barvar-2 phosphate bio-fertilizer with 100 kg triple superphosphate per hectare and 200 kg triple superphosphate per hectare) and nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (control, nitroxin bio-fertilizer with urea at rate of 100 kg·ha&minus;1, nitroxin biofertilizer with urea at rate of 150 kg·ha&minus;1 and urea at rate of 200 kg·ha&minus;1). The results showed that a significant effect of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizer, on plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, seed in pod, oil percent, seed yield and harvest index. Maximum seed yield of 1274.37 and 1232.5 kg·ha&minus;1 was obtained from treatments of 200 kg·ha&minus;1 triple superphosphate and barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer besides 100 kg·ha&minus;1 triple superphosphate. For nitrogen biofertilizer, maximum seed yield of 1264.83 and 1246.12 kg·ha&minus;1 was obtained from treatments of 200 kg·ha&minus;1?urea and nitroxin biofertilizer besides urea 150 kg·ha&minus;1?respectively. According to the results of this experiment, consumption of chemical fertilizer of triple super phosphate was reduced equal to 50% using Barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer and consumption of chemical fertilizer of urea was reduced equal to 25% using nitroxin biofertilizer.