Tribological performance of MoS2 coating on slipper pair in axial piston pump

This study investigates tribological performance of MoS2 coating on slipper pair in axial piston pump.Firstly,the MoS2 coating on the surface of slipper pair was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying treatment technology.Secondly,the tribological characteristics of slipper pair under various working conditions were evaluated on ring-on-block tester in oil lubrication.The original and worn surfaces of the specimens were analyzed with scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer,and then the wear morphologies of the MoS2 coatings were imaged by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The experimental results showed that the friction coefficients of Cu-based materials with MoS2 coating decreased by about 0.05 at 800 N.Especially,when the external load was set to 800 N,the wear rate of the ZY331608 decreased by about 16.4%after the substrates were treated by the MoS2 coating,which exhibited excellent anti-friction and wear resistance.The formation of the MoS2 lubricating film could be classified into four stages,including the initial friction stage,anchoring stage of MoS2 on friction surface,covering stage of the sliding surface by MoS2 and the formation stage of MoS2 film.The dominating wear mechanisms of Cu-based materials with MoS2 coating were adhesive wear and abrasive wear accompanied with oxidative wear.

LUBRICATION FILM FORMATION MECHANISM OF SLIPPER PAIRS IN LOW SPEED HIGH TORQUE HYDRAULIC MOTORS

Pressure-flow analytical formulas of lubrication film of slipper pairs on camshaft connecting rod type low speed high torque （LSHT） hydraulic motors are put forward. The bottom surface of slipper pairs is rectangle, and the effect of squeeze flow and pressure differential flow is considered. The dynamic process of lubrication film formation through squeezing is numerically studied by computer simulation. Effects of supply pressure, initial lubrication film thickness, velocity damping coefficient, loading impact and gravity, etc are studied. Advantages of novel slipper pairs with large oil cavity area are pointed out.

Impact of the thermal effect on the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair for an aviation axial-piston pump

A thermal hydraulic model based on the lumped parameter method is presented to analyze the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair in an aviation axial-piston pump under specified operating conditions. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the thermal hydraulic model. The results illustrate that the squeezing force and thermal wedge bearing force are the main factors that affect the film thickness and load-carrying capacity.At high oil temperature and high load pressure, the film thickness decreases with increasing clamping force due to a combined action of the squeezing bearing force and the thermal wedge bearing force, but the load-carrying capacity will increase. An increase of the film thickness is proven to be beneficial under high shaft rotational speed but especially dangerous as it strongly increases the ripple amplitude of the film thickness, which leads to decreasing the load-carrying capacity. The structural parameters of the slipper can be optimized to achieve desired performance, such as the slipper radius ratio and orifice length diameter ratio. To satisfy the requirement of the load-carrying capacity, the slipper radius ratio should be selected from 1.4 to 1.8, and the orifice length diameter ratio should be selected from 4 to 5.

Study on friction performance and mechanism of slipper pair under different paired materials in high-pressure axial piston pump

High-pressure axial piston pumps operate in high-speed and high-pressure environments. The contact state of the slipper against the swashplate can easily change from an oil film lubrication to a mixed oil film/asperity contact, or even dry friction. To improve the dry friction performance of slipper pairs and to avoid their potentially rapid failure, this study examined the effects of material matching on the dry friction performance of the slipper pair for high-pressure axial piston pumps. A FAIAX6 friction and wear tester was developed, and the dry friction coefficients of the slipper pairs matched with different materials were studied using this tester. Based on the thermo-mechanical coupling of the slipper pair with the working process, the contact surface temperatures of the slipper pairs matched with different materials were calculated and analyzed for the same working conditions. Following this, the effects of the material properties on the temperature increase at the slipper sliding contact surfaces were revealed. The reliabilities of the temperature calculations and analysis results were verified through orthogonal tests of slipper pairs matched with different materials. The results indicate that the influence of the material density on the friction coefficient is greater than that of the Poisson's ratio or the elastic modulus, and that the slipper material chosen should have a high thermal conductivity, low density, and low specific heat, whereas the swashplate material should be high in specific heat, density, and thermal conductivity;in addition, the slipper pair should be a type of hard material to match the type of soft material applied;that is, the hardness of the swashplate material should be greater than that of the slipper material.

Parametric analysis of thermal effect on hydrostatic slipper bearing capacity of axial piston pump

Hydrostatic slipper was often used in friction bearing design, allowing improvement of the latter's dynamic behavior. The influence of thermal effect on hydrostatic slipper bearing capacity of axial piston pump was investigated. A set of lumped parameter mathematical models were developed based on energy conservation law of slipper/ swash plate pair. The results show that thermal equilibrium clearance due to solid thermal deformation periodically changes with shaft rotational angle. The slipper bearing capacity increases dramatically with decreasing thermal equilibrium clearance. In order to improve the slipper bearing capacity, length-to-diameter ratio of fixed damper varies from 3.5 to 8.75 and radius ratio of slipper varies from 1.5 to 2.0. In addition, the higher slipper thermal conductivity is useful to improve slipper bearing capability, but the thermal equilibrium clearance is not compromised.

Dynamic Characteristics of Lubrication and Wear Prediction of Slipper/Swash-Plate in Axial Piston Pumps

A novel dynamic model describing the slipper posture of the swash plate in axial piston pumps is proposed, taking into account the hydrodynamic and squeezing effects, which involves three degrees of freedom. The variation in the lubricating film thickness and the slipper tilt are accurately calculated. The influence of hydrodynamic effects and charging pressure on the slipper lubrication is discussed. The minimum film thickness, the overturning angle and the azimuth angle are obtained.Then, the trajectory of minimum thickness on the friction surface of the swash plate is predicted, the accuracy of which can be verified with the abrasion distribution of an actual swash plate. Research results can predict the durability and provide theoretical help for the design of the slipper.

基于分形理论的静压支承滑靴系统摩擦自适应特性分析

静压支承滑靴副比一般的滑动摩擦副具有更好的摩擦自适应特性,对滑靴的早期磨损有一定的修复效果,但其摩擦自适应机理目前尚不明确。为此,基于分形理论,采用分形维数、尺度系数等分形参数描述滑靴表面形貌,对摩擦自适应过程进行理论分析,开展磨损试验并以分时段更换试件的试验方法观察分形参数的变化情况,得到分形参数对摩擦学特性的影响规律,揭示滑靴摩擦自适应机理。结果表明,滑靴副在发生早期磨损后,分形维数呈增大-减小-再增大-再减小的变化过程,尺度系数和摩擦系数呈减小-增大-再减小-再增大的变化过程,滑靴在早期磨损阶段呈现出显著的摩擦自适应特性,其表面性能表现出劣化-修复-再劣化-再修复的变化特征。

外负载对径向柱塞泵滑靴副流场特征和强度的影响

针对高压大排量径向柱塞泵在重载领域出现的滑靴副失效问题,在考虑油液黏温黏压特性的基础上,对滑靴副流体域展开数值计算和流固耦合仿真分析,探讨外负载对滑靴副流体域压力、流速、泄漏以及滑靴结构强度的影响。结果表明:当外负载从1.1×10^(8)N增加到1.2×10^(8)N时,吸油区滑靴副流体域的压力分布和数值基本不变,排油区滑靴副中心油腔压力增大1.5 MPa,流体域油膜的高压区面积增大,油液压力增大了0.05 MPa,油液流速稍有增加;滑靴副油液泄漏主要位于滑靴副边界处,高、低阻尼孔泄漏较小,随着外负载的增大,3处泄漏量都增大,单个滑靴副总泄漏量增大0.05 mL/s;外负载对滑靴强度影响较小,在排油区滑靴最大应力与变形发生在中心油腔处,此处是滑靴结构强度较为薄弱的地方。

水液压柱塞泵滑靴球窝副收口工艺与效果分析

滑靴球窝副是水液压柱塞泵连接柱塞和滑靴的关键摩擦副,其收口质量直接影响泵的可靠性和寿命。针对由金属基体包覆塑性材料碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(CFRPEEK)耐磨层组成的滑靴球窝副收口部位松动的问题,对模压收口和直接注塑收口两种成型工艺进行了研究,分析了不同成型工艺滑靴球窝副的收口效果。首先,建立了滑靴球窝副的有限元模型;然后,运用仿真软件ANSYS对柱塞滑靴的收口及拉脱过程进行了模拟仿真,研究了滑靴收口部位的等效应力和应变的变化,对比分析了316L和17-4PH两种滑靴基体材料以及两种收口成型工艺对拉脱力的影响情况;最后,将两种收口成型工艺的柱塞滑靴组件分别安装在水液压泵内,并进行了运行试验,结合测试结果对仿真结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:与模压收口成型工艺相比,采用直接注塑收口工艺的滑靴球窝副从根本上消除了残余应力,相同结构下,其拉脱力增大了20.29%;长时间运行后其收口效果良好,未出现明显的轴向间隙。

基于支撑力平衡的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度动态求解方法

通过改进轴向柱塞泵的滑靴副与柱塞的结构设计以稳定建立滑靴油膜,这是轴向柱塞泵当前的研究热点之一。柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度的动态特性对分析柱塞泵滑靴副的支撑特性至关重要,为此,提出了一种基于支撑力平衡的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度动态求解新方法。首先,对滑靴副的受力平衡机理进行了分析,并构建了柱塞泵运动学和动力学模型;然后,构建了柱塞泵整泵流场仿真模型,求解了包含滑靴底部支撑力、柱塞腔压力等在内的滑靴副支撑动态边界,并采用容积效率试验数据验证了整泵流场仿真的准确性;最后,建立了滑靴副油膜承载模型,分析了滑靴副油膜支撑特性,提出了基于插值计算理论的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜承载尺度动态求解方法,对1600 r/min与600 r/min两种典型工况的滑靴副油膜动态进行了计算。研究结果显示:大排量柱塞泵转速为1600 r/min时,柱塞惯性力导致高压侧油膜厚度进一步减薄,高压转低压过程中,柱塞腔内出现压力骤降,使滑靴副油膜无法形成,导致滑靴与斜盘发生刚性接触,在该区域内发生异常磨损;而在低转速工况(600 r/min)时,滑靴底面能够有效形成油膜,保证柱塞泵低速运行的可靠性。这表明基于支撑力平衡的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度动态求解方法可以快速地对不同工况下的柱塞泵滑靴副油膜厚度进行求解。

表面织构对微型轴向柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦学性能的影响研究

为减小微型轴向柱塞泵滑靴副的摩擦因数并提高油膜润滑性能,在滑靴底部设计椭圆微织构,建立滑靴副几何模型,并采取流场仿真对滑靴底部的油膜压力场以及剪切场进行求解分析,发现采取微织构能够减小滑靴底部的摩擦因数。为了进一步增强动压效应的作用,提升支承力并减小摩擦因数,通过Design-Expert响应面分析设计实验水平表进行计算分析,以泄漏量最小、支承力最大及摩擦因数最小为目标函数建立数学模型,最终得到微织构的优化尺寸。优化后滑靴副的油膜润滑性能得到提高,优化后的参数可作为柱塞泵结构优化的依据。

配合间隙对柱塞-滑靴组件动力学及油膜润滑特性的影响

球铰副油膜对轴向柱塞泵工作性能和稳定性具有重要影响,其润滑行为受滑靴和柱塞多自由度动力学行为影响。该研究分析配合间隙对振动响应和油膜润滑特性的影响,建立了滑靴和柱塞多自由度运动与球铰副油膜润滑行为耦合的动力学模型。首先,使用拉格朗日法对滑靴和柱塞的动力学方程进行推导,通过NewMark-β法求解滑靴和柱塞的振动响应;然后,根据滑靴和柱塞的姿态变化结合雷诺方程建立球铰副油膜厚度场-压力场耦合模型;最后,分析在不同配合间隙下滑靴和柱塞的振动响应及油膜润滑特性的变化规律。研究结果表明,配合间隙对滑靴和柱塞的振动响应及球铰副油膜润滑特性的影响显著,适当减小配合间隙可减少泵的泄漏,从而提高整体效率。

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副材料激光加工工艺参数研究

针对高压轴向柱塞泵滑靴副的配对材料,研究激光加工工艺参数对加工深度及质量的影响规律,加工出所需特定形状参数的微凹坑。通过激光加工设备在滑靴表面加工出微凹坑,依次分析激光加工次数、激光功率、激光扫描次数、激光频率对微凹坑的加工深度及质量的影响规律,研究结果表明,加工次数对微凹坑深度影响最大,加工次数15次时,深度达到260μm左右;随激光功率增大,微凹坑深度增大,当功率达到70%时,深度为100μm左右;随扫描速度加快,微凹坑深度减小,扫描速度为200 mm/s时,深度为140μm左右;频率对微凹坑深度得影响不大,凹坑深度整体在100μm至120μm之间。

轴向柱塞泵低压待机工况摩擦副功率损失研究

柱塞泵是特种车辆液压装置动力核心,在待机工况下,由于压力的降低,润滑性能会下降,摩擦副功率损失变大,不仅不节能,而且影响设备寿命和可靠性。为使轴向柱塞泵在低压待机时在节能、寿命、可靠性等方面都具有较好表现,针对某型号轴向柱塞泵开展配流副和滑靴副压紧系数理论研究及低压待机工况功率损失试验研究,并对工程实践和结构优化提出实质性建议。分析得出随着泵出口压力的降低,配流副和滑靴副的压紧系数逐渐增加,当出口压力低于2 MPa时,压紧系数急剧增加,会导致摩擦功率损失增加。通过对柱塞泵进行功率损失试验和100 h低压工况耐久试验得出,当出口压力低于2MPa时,柱塞泵的摩擦功率损失增大0.8kW,同时配流副和滑靴副有较严重磨损,与理论研究相符;若柱塞泵长期工作在此状态,会导致摩擦副严重磨损、柱塞泵寿命降低。建议主机在低压待命时,柱塞泵出口压力要高于2MPa。

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副倾覆现象数值分析

采用一种新的研究方法对滑靴副油膜动态特性进行研究,首先对滑靴副静压支承固定阻尼加可变阻尼组成的流量压力负反馈调节系统进行建模,然后以此为边界条件对滑靴受力/力矩情况和滑靴副倾覆油膜模型的耦合关系进行研究,最后通过Matlab编程搭建滑靴副油膜耦合关系仿真模型,用Newton迭代法求解油膜模型非线性方程组,动态显示滑靴副油膜特性,以分析滑靴副倾覆现象的本质以及弹簧预压紧力对滑靴副倾覆的影响。利用三点确定一平面的原理,通过三点处油膜厚度值对滑靴副油膜厚度场进行建模。分析结果表明,滑靴偏磨一般发生在柱塞腔吸油区到排油区的过渡区,此时的滑靴倾覆程度最大,在滑靴结构一定时,可以通过增大弹簧预压紧力的方法减弱滑靴的倾覆程度。

轴向柱塞泵/滑靴副润滑磨损的影响因素分析

斜盘-滑靴副(滑靴副)的磨损会导致泵泄漏增加、效率降低,进而影响寿命.提出了一种基于弹性流体动力润滑(EHL,Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication)磨损模型的轴向柱塞泵滑靴副加速寿命试验方法.该方法以滑靴副的油膜分析结果为基础,综合考虑工况参数(温度/转速/压力)对滑靴副磨损的影响,揭示了影响滑靴副磨损过程的内在因素.研究以某型轴向柱塞泵为对象,首先基于提出方法,对2组不同工况下的滑靴副磨损量进行了分析,并将分析结果与长周期的磨损试验结果进行了对比,验证了磨损量分析结果的准确性,也表明本文提出的方法与模型具有可用性.然后,基于本文提出方法和磨损分析模型,对比分析了介质温度(黏度)、输出压力、转速与滑靴副磨损率的相对关系.最后,探讨了柱塞泵的磨损加速寿命试验的加速手段,以及工况对于加速比率的影响.研究结果能够用于制定柱塞泵加速磨损试验的载荷谱,以及为降低泵磨损为目的的设计优化.

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副间隙泄漏及摩擦转矩特性

探讨了在不同柱塞腔压力、缸体转速和滑靴重心与球窝中心所组成的离心力臂作用下滑靴副间隙泄漏以及摩擦转矩的变化过程.结果表明:柱塞腔压力、缸体转速以及滑靴的离心力臂与其所受的正向压紧力、动压效应以及离心力矩密切相关,它们是影响滑靴副泄漏流量的重要参数;滑靴的摩擦力矩随泄漏流量的增大而增大.液压泵的实际泄漏流量和摩擦转矩损失随柱塞腔压力和缸体转速增大而增大,由于考虑配流副和柱塞副的泄漏与摩擦转矩损失,其实际测试结果较大;滑靴在泵的容积效率和机械效率损失方面所占的比重较小.

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副传热特征

为了揭示轴向柱塞泵滑靴底面油膜温度场分布规律,分析了滑靴副生热机理以及热量传递途径,在此基础上利用热流量守恒定律建立滑靴副热力学耦合模型,讨论不同压力和转速工况下滑靴的结构参数对滑靴底面油膜温度的影响。分析结果表明,滑靴副油膜温度场呈不均匀分布,沿滑靴半径方向呈递减趋势,其最大值出现在最薄油膜厚度区域,容易引起滑靴偏磨磨损,主要集中在泵的排油区;恒压高速工况下滑靴内外半径比范围为1.5～2.0之间,应尽量取较小值,降低滑靴副油膜温度,提高滑靴副润滑性能;恒转速高压工况下阻尼管长度直径比范围为3.50～8.75之间,应尽量取较小值,防止滑靴底面油膜温度过高,改善柱塞泵的散热效果。

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副间隙油膜热力学特征

采用控制体方法根据能量守恒定律推导并建立了集中参数的轴向柱塞泵滑靴副间隙油膜热力学模型,求解了间隙油膜的瞬时温度.结果表明:滑靴副的轴功损失与柱塞腔压力和缸体转速呈正相关,且轴功损失转化为热能;增加油液内能,引起油膜温度升高,改变了滑靴副与油膜之间的传热速率.滑靴材料选用多元复杂黄铜,其导热率大,热阻较小,起到了良好的散热和耐磨效果.

基于CFD的斜盘/滑靴副油膜特性分析

结合三维Navier-Stokes方程和任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)描述方法,首先,提出了一种基于计算流体力学(CFD)的滑靴副油膜特性分析方法,该方法能综合考虑滑靴副结构参数、柱塞泵工况参数对油膜特性的影响。然后,针对某种滑靴副结构,仿真得到了24种不同工况下的油膜厚度,分析了工况(温度、转速和出口压力)与滑靴副油膜的定量关系。本文还提出了一个与油膜特性相关的液动力参数的描述公式,并基于某固定结构尺寸的滑靴副CFD仿真结果,研究证明了对于固定结构的滑靴副结构,该参数仅与油液黏度(温度)相关,与其他工况参数无关。根据液动力参数公式,可以方便地给出滑靴副油膜厚度的解析方法。最后,将基于解析方法与基于CFD仿真方法得到的油膜厚度结果进行了对比,证明了解析方法的准确性。