A novel one-step reaction sodium-sulfur battery with high areal sulfur loading on hierarchical porous carbon fiber

Room temperature sodium-sulfur(RT Na-S)batteries are gaining extensive attention as attractive alternatives for large-scale energy storage,due to low cost and high abundancy of sodium and sulfur in nature.However,the dilemmas regarding soluble polysulfides(Na_(2)Sn,4<n<8)and the inferior reaction kinetics limit their practical application.To address these issues,we report the activated porous carbon fibers(APCF)with small sulfur molecules(S2-4)confined in ultramicropores,to achieve a reversible single-step reaction in RT Na-S batteries.The mechanism is investigated by the in situ UV/vis spectroscopy,which demonstrates Na2S is the only product during the whole discharge process.Moreover,the hierarchical carbon structure can enhance areal sulfur loading without sacrificing the capacity due to thorough contact between electrolyte and sulfur electrode.As a consequence,the APCF electrode with 38 wt%sulfur(APCF-38S)delivers a high initial reversible specific capacity of 1412 mAh g^(-1) and 10.6mAh cm^(-2)(avg.areal sulfur loading:7.5 mg cm^(-2))at 0.1 C(1C=1675 mA g^(-1)),revealing high degree of sulfur utilization.This study provides a new strategy for the development of high areal capacity RT Na-S batteries.

Unconventional Designs for Functional Sodium-Sulfur Batteries

Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-generation storage technologies as required in the grid and renewable energy.In recent years,extensive efforts have been devoted to the diversity and functionalities of Na–S batteries,aiming to extend their potential applications across multiple temporal and spatial dimensions.Here,we summarize the unconventional designs for the functionalities of Na–S batteries such as flexible batteries,solid-state cells,flame resistance,and operation at extreme temperatures.By highlighting these design strategies that help to realize the functionalities,we hope this review offers a pathway to foster the bright future of Na–S batteries in diverse applications.

Engineering CoMoO_(4) in reduced graphene oxide as superior cathode hosts for advanced room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries

Promising room-temperature sodium-sulfur(RT Na-S)battery systems rely on purposely designed highperforming and low-cost electrode materials.Nevertheless,there are the challenges of irreversible dissolution and slow redox kinetics of NaPSs in the complete discharge of sulfur capacity.Herein,engineered CoMoO_(4)in reduced graphene oxide(CoMoO_(4)@rGO)is reported as a class of superior cathode hosts for RT Na-S batteries.The CoMoO_(4)@rGO matrix is designed to facilitate the reversible sodiation and desodiation of sulfur,considering the strong chemisorption between sulfur(and short-chain sodium sulfides)and CoMoO_(4),which alleviates the shuttle effect of sodium sulfides and accelerates the electrochemical reaction rate at RT.The obtained S/CoMoO_(4)@rGO cathode with~52%S loading exhibits a high capacity of520.1 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1).Moreover,an enhanced long-term performance at high current densities(212.2 mA h g^(-1)at 4 A g^(-1)over 1000 cycles)with high Coulombic efficiency(~100%)is also achieved.This work demonstrates a novel multifunctional additive for RT Na-S battery cathodes,which is expected to promote the long-waited development towards practical applications of RT Na-S batteries.

SGCC successfully developed large-capacity sodium-sulfur monomeric battery

Through many years' cooperation,SGCC and Shanghai Silicate Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Science successfully developed 650 ampere-hours capacity sodium-sulfur monomeric storage battery with the independent intellectual property

Polysulfide regulation by defect-modulated Ta_(3)N_(5-x) electrocatalyst toward superior room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries

Resolving low sulfur reaction activity and severe polysulfide dissolution remains challenging in metalsulfur batteries.Motivated by a theoretical prediction,herein,we strategically propose nitrogenvacancy tantalum nitride(Ta3N5-x)impregnated inside the interconnected nanopores of nitrogendecorated carbon matrix as a new electrocatalyst for regulating sulfur redox reactions in roomtemperature sodium-sulfur batteries.Through a pore-constriction mechanism,the nitrogen vacancies are controllably constructed during the nucleation of Ta3N5-x.The defect manipulation on the local environment enables well-regulated Ta 5d-orbital energy level,not only modulating band structure toward enhanced intrinsic conductivity of Ta-based materials,but also promoting polysulfide stabilization and achieving bifunctional catalytic capability toward completely reversible polysulfide conversion.Moreover,the interconnected continuous Ta3N5-x-in-pore structure facilitates electron and sodium-ion transport and accommodates volume expansion of sulfur species while suppressing their shuttle behavior.Due to these attributes,the as-developed Ta3N5-x-based electrode achieves superior rate capability of 730 mAh g-1 at 3.35 A g-1,long-term cycling stability over 2000 cycles,and high areal capacity over 6 mAh cm-2 under high sulfur loading of 6.2 mg cm-2.This work not only presents a new sulfur electrocatalyst candidate for metal-sulfur batteries,but also sheds light on the controllable material design of defect structure in hopes of inspiring new ideas and directions for future research.

Inhibited shuttle effect by functional separator for room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries

According to a statistic,approximately 6 trillion cigarettes are smoked each year all over the world,which produces approximately 1.2 million tons of discarded cigarette butts.The discarded cigarette filters are non-biodegradable,thus they produce a mass of waste disposal and cause environmental pollution is-sue.For the purpose of transforming waste into wealth and reducing environmental pollution,nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanofiber/carbon black(N,S-CNF/CB)composite derived from the discarded cigarette filters is employed to modify glass fiber(GF)separator for the first time in this study.N,S-CNF improves binding ability towards sodium polysulfides(SPSs)by chemisorption.Non-polar CB limits the dissolution of SPSs in the liquid electrolyte by physisorption.The experiment and density functional theory calculation results indicate that a RT-Na/S battery with a N,S-CNF/CB+GF separator exhibits good cycling stability and rate performance.After 100 cycles at a low current rate of 0.1 C,a RT-Na/S battery with a sulfur mass fraction of 71%delivers a discharge capacity of 703 mAh g^(−1).In addition,at a high current rate of 0.5 C,a discharge capacity of 527 mAh g^(−1) is still maintained after 900 cycles with a very low capacity fading rate of 0.035%per cycle.

离子色谱法同时测定盐酸左沙丁胺醇雾化吸入溶液中3种辅料含量

目的建立离子色谱法同时测定盐酸左沙丁胺醇雾化吸入溶液中依地酸二钠、硫酸、枸橼酸钠含量的方法。方法采用阴离子交换离子色谱法,色谱柱为Dionex IonPac^(TM)AS11-HC分析柱(4 mm×250 mm)和AS11-HC保护柱(4 mm×50 mm),淋洗液为30 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液,流速为1.0 ml/min,抑制器为Dionex AERS 500(4 mm),抑制电流为75 mA,电导检测器,柱温为30℃,进样体积为25μl。结果依地酸根离子、硫酸根离子、枸橼酸根离子质量浓度分别在2.30~57.60,13.38~334.43,35.38~884.57μg/ml的范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9992,0.9999,0.9995;平均加样回收率分别为100.71%,100.91%,99.47%(n=9),RSD分别为1.56%,1.74%,1.73%(n=9);精密度、重复性、稳定性试验的RSD均小于2%(n=6)。结论建立的离子色谱法操作简便,重复性强,准确灵敏,3种被测组分峰型良好,分离度高,该方法可同时测定盐酸左沙丁胺醇雾化吸入溶液中依地酸二钠、枸橼酸钠、硫酸的含量。

室温钠-硫电池电解液的研究现状与展望(Ⅰ)

由于原料丰富、能量密度高和成本低,室温钠-硫电池的应用潜力很大。多硫化钠穿梭效应、硫和硫化钠电子电导率低、钠负极腐蚀和枝晶生长给该电池的实际应用带来了很大挑战。目前,研究人员聚焦于正极材料设计和电解液优化两方面来应对这些挑战。近年来,关于室温钠-硫电池电解液改性的研究众多,但不同改性策略的优化机理和电解液的设计原则有待总结。综述近期室温钠-硫电池电解液的研究。在分析酯类和醚类电解液充放电机理的基础上,回顾并总结酯类、醚类电解液及添加剂优化改性的研究,着重探讨优化改性的具体机理。展望室温钠-硫电池电解液的研究方向。

硫化染料用还原剂

以葡萄糖、二氧化硫脲以及甲酸钠作为硫化染料的还原剂。通过单因素实验,分别探讨染料质量浓度、还原剂质量浓度、氢氧化钠质量浓度等对硫化染料染纱线效果的影响,并进一步通过正交实验优选染色工艺配方上染纱线。测试纱线耐皂洗色牢度、色差、K/S值、染液的还原电位变化以及废水COD。实验结果表明,甲酸钠可以替代硫化钠作为液体硫化黑染料的还原剂,在液体硫化黑110 g/L、甲酸钠44 g/L、氢氧化钠42 g/L时,染色纱线能获得很好的染色效果,并减少了生产中硫化氢气体的释放以及含硫废染液的产生。

硫掺杂碳包覆Fe_(0.95)S_(1.05)纳米球复合材料的储钠性能

铁硫化物因其较高的理论容量,被认为是一种很有前途的钠离子电池负极材料。然而,铁硫化物在充放电过程中存在较大的体积变化,导致其倍率性能和稳定性较差。本文通过简单的一步法策略,制备了一种具有三维簇状结构的硫掺杂碳包覆的Fe_(0.95)S_(1.05)纳米球(Fe_(0.95)S_(1.05)@SC),并研究了其储钠性能。硫掺杂碳层可提高材料的导电率,缓解Fe_(0.95)S_(1.05)纳米球在反应过程中产生的体积膨胀,故提升了材料的稳定性。Fe_(0.95)S_(1.05)@SC的相互贯通的簇状结构,为电子和离子的传输提供了通道,使材料具备优异的倍率性能。在半电池体系中,Fe_(0.95)S_(1.05)@SC在0.1A·g^(-1)下循环100圈后,保留614.7 m Ah·g^(-1)的高比容量,10 A·g^(-1)下比容量仍可以达到235.7 m Ah·g^(-1)。在全电池体系中,在0.1和10 A·g^(-1)时,Fe_(0.95)S_(1.05)@SC的可逆容量分别为482.8和288.3 m Ah·g^(-1)。该材料具有良好电化学性能,在钠离子电池中具有广阔的应用前景。

催化材料调控室温钠硫电池性能的进展与挑战

室温钠硫电池因理论能量密度高(1274 Wh/kg,基于硫的质量)、资源丰富、价格低廉等优势,在大规模储能、动力电池领域备受青睐。然而,要实现Na-S电池中良好的可逆性、可循环性、活性物质高利用率,最终实现钠硫电池的商业化仍然极具挑战性。不仅需要解决多硫化物溶解和循环过程中的多硫化物“穿梭效应”问题,还要解决因S_(8)和Na_(2)S的低电导率和固体Na_(2)S_(2)/Na_(2)S沉积带来的高极化所导致的循环性能差和存在的安全隐患等问题。因此合理引入催化材料促进多硫化物的快速转化,加快反应动力学至关重要,也是实现室温钠硫电池商业化应用的关键所在。本文详细综述了室温钠硫电池的基本原理、存在的主要问题,并阐述了催化作用在室温钠硫电池中的重要意义;归纳了室温钠硫电池中常用的催化材料种类;总结了各种催化材料与多硫化物之间的相互作用机理。最后,对室温钠硫电池中催化材料相关研究可能面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了预测。

基于改进SSA-BP神经网络的钠硫电池拆解刀具温度预测模型研究

钠硫电池中含有大量的高纯度钠,在自动化拆解过程中存在燃烧、爆炸等安全风险。针对钠硫电池在车削拆解时存在的安全性问题,提出一种改进SSA-BP神经网络算法来预测刀具加工的最高温度。利用ABAQUS软件计算出刀具加工的实时温度,通过电池拆解实验验证仿真数据的可靠性;然后以仿真温度数据建立样本,利用Tent混沌映射对SSA-BP神经网络算法进行优化,建立刀具温度仿真预测模型。实验结果表明:该仿真预测模型收敛速度快,鲁棒性强,模型误差小。

间苯二磺酸钠合成新工艺的研究

为有效地解决传统合成间苯二磺酸钠方法中产生大量废盐、废酸的问题,以苯和三氧化硫为原料,在60℃条件下合成苯磺酸,苯磺酸调碱后高温与三氧化硫进行连续磺化反应制得间苯二磺酸,经二次调碱处理得到间苯二磺酸钠。系统研究了合成最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明,最优反应条件下间苯二磺酸钠收率达到93.5%,三废量明显减少。

绘画用的蓝色群青环保颜料制备及性能研究

为制备绿色环保、成本低且颜色好的绘画颜料,试验以煤矸石、废分子筛和玉米秸秆制备了一种蓝色群青颜料,并对其制备工艺进行优化。结果表明,蓝色群青颜料的最佳工艺为密封煅烧,一次煅烧温度和一次保温时间分别是400℃、0.5 h,二次煅烧温度和二次保温时间分别是900℃、2 h,参与反应空气量为70%,其中,煤矸石、废分子筛、玉米秸秆、单质硫、碳酸钠的添加量比例是1.50∶0.50∶1.00∶3.00∶2.50。根据拉曼光谱和SEM图,从微观角度证明了蓝色群青颜料的成功制备。本试验制备的蓝色群青颜料呈亮丽的蓝色,成本低且绿色环保,可以作为绘画颜料使用。

离子色谱法同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中的有机酸和无机阴离子

目的建立同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中醋酸根离子、氯离子、亚硫酸根离子、硫酸根离子和草酸根离子含量的离子色谱法。方法色谱柱为Dionex IonPac AS11(250 mm×4 mm),保护柱为Dionex IonPac AG11(50 mm×4 mm),用淋洗液自动发生器,采用氢氧化钾梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测器为配有化学抑制器的电导检测器。结果醋酸根离子、氯离子、亚硫酸根离子、硫酸根离子和草酸根离子分别在0.12~24μg·mL^(-1)、0.24~48μg·mL^(-1)、0.4~80μg·mL^(-1)、0.04~8μg·mL^(-1)、0.3~60μg·mL^(-1)与测定值线性关系良好,r分别为0.9991、0.9999、0.9999、0.9995、0.9995;加样回收率分别为105.3%、101.0%、102.3%、96.8%和108.3%(n=6),RSD分别为2.2%、1.8%、1.6%、2.6%和1.6%。结论该方法操作简便,灵敏,高效,可用于同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中醋酸根、亚硫酸根、硫酸根、草酸根和氯离子的含量,为其质量提供保证。

氯气厂房废液废气回收处理

介绍了新疆中泰化学阜康能源有限公司离子膜法烧碱生产中氯气处理过程中产生的废水、废酸、废次氯酸钠等液体的回收处理。

多元电化学储能技术综述

在双碳背景下,全球正大规模发展风电、光伏等新能源。新能源具有随机性、间歇性和波动性,需结合高性能低成本的储能系统进行使用。电化学储能技术具有高能量密度、高效能转化、长循环寿命、绿色环保和便携性等优点,符合对储能的各项要求,被广泛地应用于可再生能源、电动汽车、微电子产品以及未来智能电网中。为研究电化学储能技术的发展前景,本文将电化学储能与传统储能方式进行对比,重点突出其优势;详细介绍了电化学储能系统的组成单元及各自的工作原理;对锂离子电池、锂硫电池、钠离子电池和钾离子电池4种主流电化学储能体系的研究进行了总结归纳,详细介绍了正负极材料、电解质、隔膜及工作原理,阐明当前面临的问题及合理的解决方案。以期为电化学储能体系、材料和应用提供参考,为其发展提供借鉴。

污酸硫化除砷影响因素的试验研究

针对污酸溶液中砷离子的含量波动大、投加除砷药剂量大、石膏渣不能稳定达标等问题,以某铜冶炼产生的污酸为对象进行试验,利用硫氢化钠作为除砷药剂,开展硫化除砷操作参数的研究。结果表明:硫氢化钠投加量越大,反应持续时间越长,酸度越大,反应后液中剩余砷离子含量越低。本试验水样按13.6 mg/L投加除砷药剂,反应40 min后,液中剩余砷离子含量≤30 mg/L,砷去除率达到99.6%,保证了反应后液继续处理产生的石膏渣浸出液中总砷含量≤5 mg/L,使石膏渣属于一般固废,达到减少危废渣目的。

可再生能源发电中的电池储能系统综述

储能是提高电网对间歇性可再生能源发电接纳能力的有效技术,电池储能因其独特的性能已成为优先发展方向之一。文中简要介绍了锂离子、钠硫和全钒液流3种新型蓄电池技术的特点、应用现状和有待解决的关键技术。重点分析了可再生能源发电中电池储能系统的构建方案,包括配置方式、电池系统、功率调节系统和系统集成。总结了储能系统在可再生能源发电中的应用现状,指出了电池储能系统构建及运行需要关注的问题。

几类面向电网的储能电池介绍

储能技术在现代电力系统中的作用日益凸显,储能电池则是大规模储能技术的重要发展方向。文中就目前比较成熟的储能电池体系,包括铅酸电池、锂离子电池、液流电池和钠硫电池的发展历史、研发现状,以及不同电池体系应用到电网储能的优势和存在的问题进行了讨论。文中重点介绍了钠离子电池和液态金属电池等2类新兴的电化学储能技术的研究现状、技术优势及现存挑战等。通过比较,认为在进一步提高现有电池性能、降低储能价格的同时,亟需发展下一代能满足大规模储能应用的电化学储能新体系。