Congratulatory Message from President Xi Jinping to the “South-South Human Rights Forum”

Today,as delegates from different parts of the world gather in Beijing for the first"South-South Human Rights Forum"to discuss the promotion of human rights in developing countries and the world,I wish to extend warm congratulations on the convening of this forum.It is the lofty ideal of mankind that everyone enjoys human rights to the full.

Comparative Study on Malaria Preventive Practices among Under-Five Children in Three States in South-South Nigeria

Background: Malaria has remained one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children despite effective preventive and treatment modalities. This study is aimed at looking at the malaria preventive practices among under-five children in three Niger Delta states in Nigeria and comparing the differences among them if any. Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out over six months from 1st January to 30th June 2019 in public health facilities among under-five children in three South-South states (Akwa Ibom, Delta and Rivers) of Nigeria. Using a stratified sampling method, children were recruited from 36 health facilities in the three states. A pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to harvest relevant information on socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects and informants and malaria preventive practices. Obtained data was analysed using SPSS version 22 and results are presented in prose and frequency tables. Chi-square and Fischer’s exact were used for comparison of categorical variables, while a p-value of Results: A total of 3144 children participated in the study: 1661 (52.8%) were males while 1483 (47.2%) were females. Children less than 2 years represented 77.6% of the study participants while the mean age was 1.72 ± 1.06 years. Mothers constituted over 80% of the informants in all the states. More of the informants had secondary education in Akwa Ibom and Delta states, while in Rivers state, more of them had tertiary education. Malaria prevention method practiced in the three states included;use of insecticide treated bed net (ITNs), insecticide spray, anti-malarial drugs, clearing of bushes and disposal of mosquito breeding cans and use of mosquito repellents. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) was not practiced in any of the states. Use of ITN was practiced more in Rivers state (53.2%) than in Delta (20.3%) and Akwa Ibom (8.2%) states, while use of insecticide spray was commoner in Akwa Ibom state (77.2%) than in Delta (56.3%) and Rivers (42.4%). This difference in the prevention techniques practiced among the states was statistically significant (Fischers exact?−724.2, p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, the practice of ITNs use is low in South-South Nigeria with IRS not being practiced at all. Introduction of IRS as a method of malaria vector control and public health education on ITNs ownership and use is advocated.

Poverty Reduction, Cultural Narrative, and the Realization of Development Rights in South-South Cooperation

The development of any country or society requires a cultural context. A cultural narrative influence the process of development by shaping people’s views and actions, and thus policy. This paper first discusses the importance of cultural narratives, and then analyzes the different cultural narratives on poverty reduction, development, right to development, and South-South Cooperation. It illustrates how cultural narratives significantly influence social justice development and reforms.

Strengthening South-South Judicial Cooperation to Promote the Development of Global Human Rights

Judicial cooperation is one of the significant components of South-South cooperation. Furthermore, in the process of South-South cooperation, the establishment of a fair, rational, and transparent new system of international justice must be jointly promoted. The Chinese judicial authorities have made new progress in deepening judicial reforms, enhancing judicial transparency, improving human rights judicial protection mechanisms and strengthening the construction of smart courts, and have accumulated rich judicial experience. Under the background that many changes and great upheavals are taking place in the international world, countries of the Global South should strengthen their judicial exchanges and cooperation, especially in the field of the judicial protection of human rights. SouthSouth cooperation should be enhanced and they should learn from each other, so they can jointly make contributions to the development of the legal world.

Putting People First and Global Human Rights Governance--A Summary of Academic Viewpoints of“2021 South-South Human Rights Forum”

On December 8, 2021, China’s State Council Information office(SCIo) and Ministry of Foreign Affairs co-hosted the “2021 South-South Human Rights Forum” in Beijing. The forum is themed on “putting people First and Global Human Rights Governance”. Four sub-themes, namely, “Building a Global Community of Health for All and protecting Human Rights”, “Anti-poverty Ffforts and Realization of the Right to Development”, “Multilateralism and Global Human Rights Governance”, and “The Role of Developing Countries in Global Human Rights Governance”, were discussed by delegates from more than 100 countries and international organizations. Within the framework of the theme of the forum, the delegates fully discussed on how to better respect and protect human rights, advance equal cooperation, share development outcomes, seek common and sustainable development, maintain fairness and justice in the international community, and improve the basic experience of the protection of human rights, and so on. As an important platform for the exchanges and cooperation of developing countries in human rights, the South-South Human Rights Forum has effectively promoted mutual understanding, inclusiveness and mutual learning on human rights governance.

Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings: New Opportunity for South-South Human Rights Development Overview of the First South-South Human Rights Forum

From December 7 to December 8, 2017, the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs jointly organized the first South-South Human Rights Forum in Beijing. With the topic of "Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings: New Opportunity for South-South Human Rights Development," participants conducted in-depth discussions on topics including "global human rights governance", "inclusive development and South-South human rights cooperation", "China and the SouthSouth cooperation", "right to education for the countries of the Global South" and "poverty reduction, right to food and right to health", which achieved great consensuses and yielded results. This Forum was the first time that countries of the Global South have jointly discussed human rights issues.

Diversity of Civilization and Development of the World Human Rights Cause——Summary of “2019 South-South Human Rights Forum”

From December 10 to 11,2019,the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs jointly held the 2019 South-South Human Rights Forum in Beijing.Participants from more than 80 countries,regions and international organizations discussed and exchanged views on such topics as"the practices and experiences of human rights protection in the countries of the Global South","path of human rights development against the background of the diversity of civilizations","building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings and global human rights governance".Participants in the forum actively voiced their national human rights views,exchanged human rights development experiences,explored human rights development paths in developing countries,and reached broad consensus.In an international environment featuring the rise of unilateralism and hegemonism,the South-South Human Rights Forum issued a strong message of solidarity and cooperation among developing countries on human rights issues,and also conveyed to the world the firm determination of developing countries to jointly promote the healthy development of the world’s human rights cause.

South-South Embrace

CHINA has pledged its full support and cooperation with developing countries by providing platforms for ex- change of technology and knowledge. This was reaffirmed at the Sixth Global South-South Development Expo where China was represented via the Shanghai-based South-South Global Asset and Technology Exchange （SS-GATE）. The expo was hosted at the United Nations Environment Program （UNEP） headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya, from October 28 to November 1. 2013.

Comparison Between North-South Aid and South-South Cooperation:Based on the Analysis of the New Development Finance Institutions

According to the different players, development cooperation is often divided into North-South Aid and South-South Cooperation, both of which have a history of several decades. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the rise of a number of emerging economies has brought South-South Cooperation into a new stage, which can be seen from the establishment of some new development finance institutions led by developing countries. BRICS Bank, Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank(AIIB) and Silk Road Fund are three important new development finance institutions. Compared with the traditional development finance institutions like World Bank and International Monetary Fund(IMF), they have their own concepts of development cooperation, which are different from the traditional ones. First, the new finance institutions pay more attention to the equality between partners, not imposing conditions and respecting the ownership of development partners. Second, the new development finance institutions value the market philosophy, which means that they emphasize the importance of field investigation and implement development cooperation in accordance with the actual needs of the partners and the comparative advantages of the providers. Finally, the new development finance institutions focus their resources on problem-solving and avoid doctrines-imposing. They believe that it is easier for the developing countries to achieve development through a gradual and bottom-up model. Although there are differences between the traditional and new development finance institutions, the latter is not parallel to or substitute of the former.They can cooperate with each other and provide better public goods for international cooperation through inclusive competition.

South-South cooperation in population and development: current progress and future perspectives

The impact of South-South cooperation(SSC)has been bolstered in the context of implementing the International Conference on Population and Development(ICPD)Programme of Action.In the past 25 years since ICPD in 1994,remarkable progress and achievements have been made in promoting SSC in population and develop-ment.China has been committed to working with developing countries,UN agen-cies and international organizations to advance ICPD under the framework of SSC.As the landscape of international development assistance has been changing and the ICPD remains as an unfinished agenda,the SSC has increasingly recognized the importance of effective financial inclusion policy in the implementation of the ICPD and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The international community has recently identified seven strategic priority areas for SSC in the next few years,i.e.,(1)population dynamics and development;(2)universal access to reproduc-tive health and family planning services;(3)women’s,children’s and adolescents’health;(4)healthy ageing;(5)migration;(6)health and poverty alleviation;and(7)ending sexual and gender-based violence.The institutionalization and operation-alization remain as critical challenges,and special attention needs to be given to address these issues.Stronger political commitments,enhanced capacity building,better coordination and partnerships establishment of the SSC Center of Excellence,adequate resource mobilization and more evidence-based researches and systematic evaluation are recommended as future strategies for further promoting the SSC in population and development.

国际秩序转型背景下“全球南方”的战略地位和角色作用

当今时代,大国政治博弈加剧,“全球南方”的战略地位与价值日益凸显。地位和角色的转变赋予了“全球南方”独特的理论价值,其逐渐超越传统以经济属性为主的新兴市场国家和发展中国家概念,成为具有更丰富内涵的国际政治新概念,为国际关系理论创新提供了新视角和路径。全球南方国家均非美西方盟友的核心成员,未处于国际权力体系的中心地位,具有相似的国际境遇、利益诉求、发展任务和政治主张。在国际秩序重构方面,全球南方国家主张以联合国宪章和原则为宗旨,建立公平合理的国际新秩序,践行真正的多边主义,实现平等共治、合作共赢。在全球气候治理领域,全球南方国家普遍面临经济发展、消除贫困的迫切要求,主张共同维护以联合国为核心的全球气候治理体系,捍卫共同但有区别的责任原则,推动全球气候治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。在国际经济领域,全球南方国家倡导开放包容、互利共赢的合作理念,主张坚持多边主义和公平贸易,通过改革与完善国际合作机制应对挑战,构建开放型世界经济。在新的时代背景下,加强政治、经济、科技等领域的南南合作,不仅有助于推动发展中国家自身经济和社会发展,还能为完善现行国际秩序做出重要贡献。

南南合作的中国实践与贡献——基于“全球南方”的视角

“全球南方”这一术语的定义多种多样,在一定程度上为学术研究和外交实践增添了难度。虽然中国的经济实力不断提升,国际影响力不断扩大,但中国依然是一个发展中国家。如果说“全球南方”是“发展中国家”的同义词,那么中国就是“全球南方”的天然成员。面对世界百年未有之大变局,进一步推动南南合作的必要性和重要意义日益凸显。作为“全球南方”的重要成员,中国为推动南南合作作出了重大贡献,主要体现在以下几个方面:力所能及地向其他发展中国家提供经济援助;在涉及发展中国家切身利益的重大问题上给予道义上的支持;加强技术转移转化,帮助发展中国家提升科技创新能力;大力支持联合国为推动南南合作而开展的工作。

2020年屈原及楚辞研究综述

2020年,屈原及楚辞研究持续推进。其研究主要涉及屈原研究、楚辞作品研究、楚辞学史研究、屈原与楚辞作品传播与接受研究、宋玉研究等几个方面,成果丰富,创见颇多。

“全球发展倡议”视域下中国与突尼斯的抗疫合作

“阿拉伯之春”和新冠肺炎疫情的叠加对突尼斯的经济与社会发展造成巨大冲击,打造卫生健康共同体和发展共同体成为中国与突尼斯抗疫合作的逻辑与目标。“全球发展倡议”对于战胜疫情和复苏经济做出了明晰的规划与部署,对于中国与突尼斯以南南合作为实质的抗疫合作形成了新的助力作用。中国对突尼斯的医疗援助已走过50余年历程。就中突抗疫合作的路径而言,中国一方面将常规援突医疗队的职能扩大到兼顾对突应急抗疫合作,并实现多批援突医疗队的正常轮换,做到了常规合作与应急合作的结合;另一方面基于疫苗多边主义,向突尼斯适时应急提供新冠疫苗。中突抗疫合作不仅对于突尼斯疫情缓解和疫苗接种率的提升起到了重要作用,提升了中突政治互信,而且也助力中突关系朝着更深广的领域发展,如数字经济、文化合作和绿色发展合作等。中突抗疫合作事实上促进了两国卫生健康共同体与发展共同体建设,并助力推进双边关系取得更大发展。

On the Cooperation Between China and the Non-Aligned Movement in the Field of the Right to Development and its Prospects

China and the Non-Aligned Movement share the same goals,a common code of conduct,and similar ideas in protecting the right to development,and the two have a solid foundation for cooper-ation.Both emphasize that the right to development is a basic human right,strive to elevate the right to development to a mainstream hu-man right,and jointly advocate placing the right to development at the center of the agenda.They work together to enhance the strategic sta-tus of the right to development.Both of them have participated in the formulation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,and col-laborated to improve the Declaration.They have also jointly proposed the resolution on the right to development,and supported the drafting of the Convention on the Right to Development to advance the codifi-cation of the right to development.Both of them uphold South-South cooperation and promote North-South dialogue and cooperation.They have established a support mechanism to promote international cooperation on the right to development in a coordinated manner.The cooperation between China and the Non-Aligned Movement in pro-tecting the right to development has broken the past Western-centered paradigm of human rights development,broadened the international perspective of the human rights cause,and played a crucial role in the formation of international human rights norms.In the future,oppor-tunities and challenges coexist for cooperation between the two sides,with promising prospects.China’s cooperation with the Non-Aligned Movement in the protection of the right to development has accumulat-ed valuable and inspirational experiences for the human rights cause of developing countries and the building of the international human rights system.。

拜登政府时期美韩同盟升级及中国对策

拜登政府上台以来不断恢复并强化美韩同盟关系,在尹锡悦政府上台后美韩同盟由传统的军事安全同盟逐步升级为全球全面战略同盟。美韩同盟升级呈现为:美国修复并加强美韩同盟关系,构建美日韩三边“准同盟”;韩国安全上继续追随美国,经济上深度捆绑美国。拜登政府“拉韩制华”的地缘战略考量与尹锡悦政府“倚美亲美”的追随外交共同作用,形成合力。从升级效果上看,美韩同盟升级加剧了朝鲜半岛的紧张局势和南北双方的安全困境,降低了韩国外交政策的独立性和自主性,反噬了韩国国家安全。但同盟仍受到美韩国内政治因素、韩日历史因素的制约。为应对同盟升级的对华指向,中国应该及时捕捉对话时机,加强中韩高层交往,加深经济合作以及拓宽民间沟通,为自身营造相对安全、宽松的周边环境。

新情势下长江河口南槽河床冲淤演变特征

随着长江流域来沙的锐减、河口涉水工程的建设、生态环境保护力度的加大和通航环境的高效利用,长江口河势将面临着新一轮的调整。以长江口南槽河床冲淤演变为研究对象,采用河床演变分析的方法对南槽近十年来多次水下地形和航道水深数据进行了分析,并对南槽航道治理一期工程效果进行了讨论。结果表明:2010-2018年,南槽主槽整体呈冲刷态势,江亚南沙头部窜沟冲刷发展,沙尾冲刷下延;2018年至今,江亚南沙头部窜沟由冲刷环境转化为淤积环境,其他区域冲淤形势基本未变;南槽断面主槽形态总体稳定,在主槽总体冲刷背景下,“拦门沙”逐渐被削平,加上南槽航道治理一期工程的作用,南槽6 m以深河槽容积明显扩大,且保持较好的稳定性。近期南槽河势变化是流域来水来沙和河口自然、人类活动影响的综合结果,南槽航道治理一期工程对近期江亚南沙的地形变化起到了重要影响,工程有效地控制了江亚南沙河势,遏制了局部冲刷发展的趋势,有利于稳定南槽航道的北侧边界。

南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编3.数据共享服务及应用

在南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编项目实施过程中,数据共享是一项重要工作。文章主要介绍南海科考历史资料整编综合数据库暨“数字南海”平台的设计与建设。首先阐述“数字南海”的设计与开发重点,实现数据管理共享的流程集约化和资源利用高效化;其次以“航次一张图”和“岛礁一张图”模块介绍数据的交互分析应用及动态可视化应用。“数字南海”平台建设按照项目目标,统一规划部署、统一标准体系、统一数据平台、统一成果发布,数据服务贯穿项目实施的全生命周期,推动形成共商共建共享共赢的数据工作发展新格局。

2019年屈原与楚辞研究综述

2019年屈原及楚辞研究继续推进,成果丰富。本年度屈原及楚辞研究大致包括屈原研究、楚辞作品研究、楚辞学史研究、宋玉研究、楚辞翻译研究等方面。

骆鸿凯楚辞研究述论

骆鸿凯的楚辞研究继承了章黄学派推尊王逸《楚辞章句》的传统,批评明代以来楚辞解释穿凿附会的风气。其著作常常附录后世论著补充论证,或是加按语于后,对之进行辨析和阐释;又发扬乾嘉朴学讲究实证的传统,结合楚辞作品和前人相关评论,通过对楚辞的文本、体制等所进行的简要分析,对《楚辞》源于《诗经》的观点进行精细阐释,其论多宏通准确;其研究又贴近时代,注重论著的教材特性,讲究论述框架系统的严谨,语言精当,句式、韵式研究较前人更加细密,其楚辞学意识更加鲜明。在传统学术向现代转型的清末民初时期,骆鸿凯的楚辞研究内容丰富,体系完整,断制清晰,具有较为重要的楚辞学史意义。