Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various ...Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various lesions occurring in humans than the usual model of tumor implantations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MRI liver examination in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats as a routine method to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules induced by DENA and to follow up their growth. METHODS:Hepatic carcinogenesis was induced in 80 male SD rats using oral DENA solution. All animals were imaged for liver tumor detection with a 1.5 Tesla magnet (Siemens Sonata,Erlangen, Germany) using correspondence scan parameters and a radio-frequency knee coil. Macroscopic examinations were performed along the axial MRI sections to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histopathological assessment was also performed. RESULTS:No false negative results were obtained on MR images. Hepatic tumors in 72 rats were confirmed macro-scopically and 68 rats were detected by MRI till the 20th week. The smallest and the largest nodules detected by MRI were 2 mm and 37 mm in diameter respectively. The agreement rate of MRI with macroscopic observation was 39. 1% and 97. 4% respectively for 2 mm to 5 mm and more than 5 mm nodules. CONCLUSIONS:The hepatic tumor induced by DENA provides a more representative range of tumors for imaging diagnosis and interventional treatment. MRI is the best approach for scrutinizing pathological changes of rat livers in the period of observation.展开更多
An aging-induced decrease in Schwann cell viability can affect regeneration following peripheral nerve injury in mammals. It is therefore necessary to investigate possible age-related changes in gene expression that m...An aging-induced decrease in Schwann cell viability can affect regeneration following peripheral nerve injury in mammals. It is therefore necessary to investigate possible age-related changes in gene expression that may affect the biological function of peripheral nerves. Ten 1-week-old and ten 12-month-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into young（1 week old） and adult（12 months old） groups according to their ages. mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve was compared between young and adult rats using next-generation sequencing（NGS） and bioinformatics（n = 4/group）. The 18 groups of differentially expressed mRNA（DEmRNAs） were also tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（n = 6/group）. Results revealed that（1） compared with young rats, adult rats had 3608 groups of DEmRNAs. Of these, 2684 were groups of upregulated genes, and 924 were groups of downregulated genes. Their functions mainly involved cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, and myelination.（2） The gene with the most obvious increase of all DEmRNAs in adult rats was Thrsp（log2 FC = 9.01, P 〈 0.05）, and the gene with the most obvious reduction was Col2 a1（log2 FC = -8.89, P 〈 0.05）.（3） Gene Ontology analysis showed that DEmRNAs were mainly concentrated in oligosaccharide binding, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing one signaling pathway, and peptide-transporting ATPase activity.（4） Analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that, with increased age, DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and graft-versus-host disease.（5） Spearman＇s correlation coefficient method for evaluating NGS accuracy showed that the NGS results and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results were positively correlated（rs = 0.74, P 〈 0.05）. These findings confirm a difference in sciatic nerve gene expression between adult and young rats, suggesting that, in peripheral nerves, cells and the microenvironment change with age, thus influencing the function and repair of peripheral nerves.展开更多
To evaluate hormesis induced by Yttrium（Y） nitrate in male rats, Y was offered to F0 mother rats and F1 offspring at concentrations of 0, 20, 80, and320 ppm daily from gestational day （GD） 0 through postnatal day...To evaluate hormesis induced by Yttrium（Y） nitrate in male rats, Y was offered to F0 mother rats and F1 offspring at concentrations of 0, 20, 80, and320 ppm daily from gestational day （GD） 0 through postnatal day 70（PND70）.The F1 offspring were evaluated with respect to motor function,learning and memory, and histopathology.展开更多
Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kineti...Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics.Most learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably rodents.Here,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage imaging.Our data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from dendrites.Compared with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in AISs.Moreover,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 location.Our findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.展开更多
This communication presents a new method of detecting the behaviour pattern in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of blood plasma at microwave frequencies at different perio...This communication presents a new method of detecting the behaviour pattern in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of blood plasma at microwave frequencies at different periods of time. The microwave measurements were performed by rectangular cavity perturbation method in the S-band of microwave frequency with the blood plasma collected from normal rats (Controls) as well as chemically induced rats (Aβ). A change is observed in the dielectric properties of the Aβsamples but not the controls samples at the extended period of time. This measurement technique is simple and the collection of blood from the rats is nonsurgical in nature. These results prove a new method of diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) using microwave techniques.展开更多
目的探讨电针廉泉穴对脑卒中后吞咽困难(PSD)大鼠神经功能缺损的影响及潜在对瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)信号通路的调节机制作用。方法选用SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只,随机分为正常组12只(仅浅插栓线,未导致脑内动脉闭塞),余48只制作PSD...目的探讨电针廉泉穴对脑卒中后吞咽困难(PSD)大鼠神经功能缺损的影响及潜在对瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)信号通路的调节机制作用。方法选用SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只,随机分为正常组12只(仅浅插栓线,未导致脑内动脉闭塞),余48只制作PSD模型,将造模成功的36只大鼠随机分为模型组、治疗组和治疗+咖啡酸组,每组12只。记录大鼠吞咽潜伏期和吞咽次数,生物信号采集器检测舌下神经放电、舌肌阈强度和收缩幅度,酶联免疫吸附测定血清P物质含量,甲苯胺蓝染色检测舌下神经核尼氏体数目,免疫组织化学检测舌下神经核TRPV1、五羟色胺(5-HT)、磷酸化p38、神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)蛋白表达水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠吞咽潜伏期、吞咽次数、舌下神经放电积分面积、舌肌收缩幅度、血清P物质含量、舌下神经核尼氏体数目、TRPV1及5-HT蛋白表达水平下降,舌肌阈强度和舌下神经核磷酸化p38、nNOS蛋白表达水平增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠舌肌单收缩幅度、舌肌强直收缩幅度、血清P物质含量、舌下神经核尼氏体数目、TRPV1及5-HT蛋白表达水平增加[2.36±0.26 vs 1.77±0.22、3.46±0.36 vs 2.15±0.18、(3.92±0.38)ng/ml vs(1.69±0.17)ng/ml、(33.60±3.65)个vs(24.60±2.34)个、(19.85±2.11)%vs(9.79±1.07)%、(22.43±2.34)%vs(10.85±1.13)%,P<0.05]。结论电针廉泉穴可能通过激活TRPV1信号通路改善PSD大鼠神经功能缺损。展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) (20030b10090)China Medical Board of New York (CMB 82-412) the TCM Administration Bureau of Sichuan Province (TCM 2004 B03).
文摘Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various lesions occurring in humans than the usual model of tumor implantations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MRI liver examination in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats as a routine method to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules induced by DENA and to follow up their growth. METHODS:Hepatic carcinogenesis was induced in 80 male SD rats using oral DENA solution. All animals were imaged for liver tumor detection with a 1.5 Tesla magnet (Siemens Sonata,Erlangen, Germany) using correspondence scan parameters and a radio-frequency knee coil. Macroscopic examinations were performed along the axial MRI sections to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histopathological assessment was also performed. RESULTS:No false negative results were obtained on MR images. Hepatic tumors in 72 rats were confirmed macro-scopically and 68 rats were detected by MRI till the 20th week. The smallest and the largest nodules detected by MRI were 2 mm and 37 mm in diameter respectively. The agreement rate of MRI with macroscopic observation was 39. 1% and 97. 4% respectively for 2 mm to 5 mm and more than 5 mm nodules. CONCLUSIONS:The hepatic tumor induced by DENA provides a more representative range of tumors for imaging diagnosis and interventional treatment. MRI is the best approach for scrutinizing pathological changes of rat livers in the period of observation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81201546(to YXL)the Doctoral Start-up Program of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2017A030310302(to ZWZ)+1 种基金the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.A2016018(to BH)the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province of China,No.2016A010103012(to JHL)
文摘An aging-induced decrease in Schwann cell viability can affect regeneration following peripheral nerve injury in mammals. It is therefore necessary to investigate possible age-related changes in gene expression that may affect the biological function of peripheral nerves. Ten 1-week-old and ten 12-month-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into young（1 week old） and adult（12 months old） groups according to their ages. mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve was compared between young and adult rats using next-generation sequencing（NGS） and bioinformatics（n = 4/group）. The 18 groups of differentially expressed mRNA（DEmRNAs） were also tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（n = 6/group）. Results revealed that（1） compared with young rats, adult rats had 3608 groups of DEmRNAs. Of these, 2684 were groups of upregulated genes, and 924 were groups of downregulated genes. Their functions mainly involved cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, and myelination.（2） The gene with the most obvious increase of all DEmRNAs in adult rats was Thrsp（log2 FC = 9.01, P 〈 0.05）, and the gene with the most obvious reduction was Col2 a1（log2 FC = -8.89, P 〈 0.05）.（3） Gene Ontology analysis showed that DEmRNAs were mainly concentrated in oligosaccharide binding, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing one signaling pathway, and peptide-transporting ATPase activity.（4） Analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that, with increased age, DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and graft-versus-host disease.（5） Spearman＇s correlation coefficient method for evaluating NGS accuracy showed that the NGS results and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results were positively correlated（rs = 0.74, P 〈 0.05）. These findings confirm a difference in sciatic nerve gene expression between adult and young rats, suggesting that, in peripheral nerves, cells and the microenvironment change with age, thus influencing the function and repair of peripheral nerves.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFC1601701]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [3142018038]
文摘To evaluate hormesis induced by Yttrium（Y） nitrate in male rats, Y was offered to F0 mother rats and F1 offspring at concentrations of 0, 20, 80, and320 ppm daily from gestational day （GD） 0 through postnatal day 70（PND70）.The F1 offspring were evaluated with respect to motor function,learning and memory, and histopathology.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Program of “Brain Science and Brain-Like Research”(2022ZD0211800)National Natural Science Foundation of China General Research Grant (81971679, 21727806,31771147)+4 种基金Major Research Grant (91632305, 32088101)Ministry of Science and Technology (2018YFA0507600, 2017YFA0503600)Qidong-PKU SLS Innovation Fund (2016000663)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and National Key R&D Program of China (2020AAA0105200)sponsored by the Bayer Investigator Award。
文摘Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics.Most learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably rodents.Here,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage imaging.Our data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from dendrites.Compared with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in AISs.Moreover,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 location.Our findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.
文摘This communication presents a new method of detecting the behaviour pattern in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of blood plasma at microwave frequencies at different periods of time. The microwave measurements were performed by rectangular cavity perturbation method in the S-band of microwave frequency with the blood plasma collected from normal rats (Controls) as well as chemically induced rats (Aβ). A change is observed in the dielectric properties of the Aβsamples but not the controls samples at the extended period of time. This measurement technique is simple and the collection of blood from the rats is nonsurgical in nature. These results prove a new method of diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) using microwave techniques.
文摘目的探讨电针廉泉穴对脑卒中后吞咽困难(PSD)大鼠神经功能缺损的影响及潜在对瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)信号通路的调节机制作用。方法选用SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只,随机分为正常组12只(仅浅插栓线,未导致脑内动脉闭塞),余48只制作PSD模型,将造模成功的36只大鼠随机分为模型组、治疗组和治疗+咖啡酸组,每组12只。记录大鼠吞咽潜伏期和吞咽次数,生物信号采集器检测舌下神经放电、舌肌阈强度和收缩幅度,酶联免疫吸附测定血清P物质含量,甲苯胺蓝染色检测舌下神经核尼氏体数目,免疫组织化学检测舌下神经核TRPV1、五羟色胺(5-HT)、磷酸化p38、神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)蛋白表达水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠吞咽潜伏期、吞咽次数、舌下神经放电积分面积、舌肌收缩幅度、血清P物质含量、舌下神经核尼氏体数目、TRPV1及5-HT蛋白表达水平下降,舌肌阈强度和舌下神经核磷酸化p38、nNOS蛋白表达水平增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠舌肌单收缩幅度、舌肌强直收缩幅度、血清P物质含量、舌下神经核尼氏体数目、TRPV1及5-HT蛋白表达水平增加[2.36±0.26 vs 1.77±0.22、3.46±0.36 vs 2.15±0.18、(3.92±0.38)ng/ml vs(1.69±0.17)ng/ml、(33.60±3.65)个vs(24.60±2.34)个、(19.85±2.11)%vs(9.79±1.07)%、(22.43±2.34)%vs(10.85±1.13)%,P<0.05]。结论电针廉泉穴可能通过激活TRPV1信号通路改善PSD大鼠神经功能缺损。
