Early clinical outcomes of two regimens of prophylactic antibiotics in cardiac surgical patients with delayed sternal closure

BACKGROUND Delayed sternal closure(DSC)can be a lifesaving approach for certain patients who have undergone cardiac surgery.The value of the type of prophylactic antibiotics in DSC is still debatable.AIM To investigate clinical outcomes of different prophylactic antibiotic regimens in patients who had DSC after cardiac surgery.METHODS This was a retrospective observational single-center study.Fifty-three consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery and had an indication for DSC were included.Patients were subjected to two regimens of antibiotics:Narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum regimens.RESULTS The main outcome measures were length of hospital and intensive care unit(ICU)stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and mortality.Of the 53 patients,12(22.6%)received narrow-spectrum antibiotics,and 41(77.4%)received broad-spectrum antibiotics.The mean age was 59.0±12.1 years,without significant differences between the groups.The mean duration of antibiotic use was significantly longer in the broad-spectrum than the narrowspectrum group(11.9±8.7 vs 3.4±2.0 d,P<0.001).The median duration of open chest was 3.0(2.0-5.0)d for all patients,with no difference between groups(P=0.146).The median duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in the broad-spectrum group[60.0(Δinterquartile range(IQR)170.0)h vs 50.0(ΔIQR 113.0)h,P=0.047].Similarly,the median length of stay for both ICU and hospital were significantly longer in the broadspectrum group[7.5(ΔIQR 10.0)d vs 5.0(ΔIQR 5.0)d,P=0.008]and[27.0(ΔIQR 30.0)d vs 19.0(ΔIQR 21.0)d,P=0.031].Five(9.8%)patients were readmitted to the ICU and 18(34.6%)patients died without a difference between groups.CONCLUSION Prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with DSC post-cardiac surgery but was associated with longer ventilation duration,length of ICU and hospital stays vs narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Utilizing Instilling Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Vashe Wound Solution for an Infected Sternal Dehiscence: A Case Report

Utilization of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi) for sternal dehiscence wounds secondary to sternal wound infection after surgery has become an accepted therapy. NPWTi accelerates wound healing through macrostrain, microstrain, and cyclic fluid instillation. Wounds benefit from additional superficial infection control with the removal of microorganisms, the release of proinflammatory mediators, stimulation of angiogenesis, as well as mechanical debridement. However, very few cases of utilizing NPWTi in the treatment of sternal wound infections have been reported in the literature. This case study describes the use of NPWTi with hypochlorous acid for the treatment of a sternal wound infection.

Comparison of Sternal Wound Complication after Off-Pump CABG between Skeletonized and Pedicled LIMA Harvesting: A Single Centre Experience in Bangladesh

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is a surgical procedure that has gained popularity due to its potential benefits over traditional coronary artery bypass grafting, including reduced morbidity and mortality. However, sternal wound complication (SWC) remains challenging following the procedure. The technique of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) harvesting has been shown to impact the incidence of SWC. This study aimed to compare the incidence of SWC between two techniques of LIMA harvesting, i.e., skeletonized and pedicled. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, and included 60 patients who underwent OPCAB. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each based on the technique of LIMA harvesting used, i.e., skeletonized (group A) or pedicled (group B). The postoperative ICU care was given to each patient as per the protocol. The statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26.0 for Windows software. Results: The results showed that 5 (8.33%) patients developed SWC, with 1 (1.67%) patient in group A and 4 (6.66%) patients in group B. However, the occurrence of SWC was not statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.35). The mean age, gender distribution, and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The number of smokers was statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.03), and the occurrence of SWC was found to be higher in smoker patients in group B (p = 0.04). Preoperative and postoperative parameters such as duration of operation, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of chest drains, duration of the central venous line, and amount of postoperative mediastinal bleeding were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The distribution of wound complications, duration of ICU stays, and hospital stay between the two groups was also not statistically significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found that the incidence of SWC was less in skeletonized LIMA harvesting than in pedicled LIMA harvesting after OPCAB. However, this finding was not statistically significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes may be needed to confirm these results and determine the appropriate technique of LIMA harvesting to decrease the incidence of SWC after OPCAB.

Sternal metastasis-the forgotten column and its effect on thoracic spine stability

Sternal metastases are not studied extensively in the literature. There is a paucity of information on their role in metastatic disease. The concept of the fourth column was described by Berg in 1993, and has been proven in case report, clinically and biomechanical studies. The role of the sternum as a support to the thoracic spine is well documented in the trauma patients, but not much is known about its role in cancer patients. This review examines what is known on the role of the fourth column. Following this we have identified two likely scenarios that sternal metastases may impact management:(1) sternal pathological fracture increases the mobility of the semi-rigid thorax with the loss of the biomechanical support of the sternum-rib-thoracic spine complex; and(2) a sternal metastasis increases the risk of fracture, and while being medical treated the thoracic spine should be monitored for acute kyphosis and neurological injury secondarily to the insufficiency of the fourth column.

Surgical Resection of Sternal Tumors and Reconstruction with Titanium Mesh

Objective To evaluate the use of titanium mesh reconstruction after sternal tumor resection. Methods From January 2007 to January 2011, 14 patients with sternal tumors were admitted into Peking Union Medical Hospital. The clinical characteristics, surgical resection, and technique of reconstruction were reviewed. Results Of the 14 patients, 3 had a metastatic sternal tumor, the primary sites of which were as follows: hepatic carcinoma in one case (metastasis 19 years after operation), breast carcinoma in another case (metastasis 5 years after operation), and renal carcinoma in the other case (found simultaneously). Two patients showed local involvement of the sternum: 1 had thymic carcinoma, and the other had myofibrosarcoma. The remaining 9 patients had primary tumors: 4 were osteochondroma, 3 chondrosarcoma, 1 eosinophilic granuloma, 1 non-Hodgekin's lymphoma. En bloc resection of the sternal tumor was performed in all the 14 patients. The defect was repaired with the titanium mesh adjusted to the shape of the defect and fixed with the stainless steel wire. Eleven patients were followed up for a period from 2 months to 4 years, during which no translocation or broken of the titanium mesh was observed. Conclusions Radical en bloc excision remains the treatment of choice for sternal tumors. Sternum defect reconstruction using titanium mesh as a rigid replacement proves appropriate and effective.

Sternal Reconstruction of Deep Sternal Wound Infections Following Median Sternotomy by Single-stage Muscle Flaps Transposition

Objective To assess clinical effectiveness of using bilateral pectoralis major or plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps in treating deep sternal wound infection(DSWI) following median sternotomy. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2013, 19 patients with DSWI after median sternotomy for cardiac surgery were admitted to our hospital, including 14 males(73.7%) and 5 females(26.3%), aged 55±13(18-78) years. According to the Pairolero classification of infected median sternotomies, 3(15.8%) patients were type II, and the other 16(84.2%) were type III. Surgical procedure consisted of adequate debridement of infected sternum, costal cartilage, granulation, steel wires, suture residues and other foreign substances. Sternal reconstruction used the bilateral pectoralis major or plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps to obliterate dead space. The drainage tubes were placed and connected to a negative pressure generator for adequate drainage. Results There were no intraoperative deaths. In 15 patients(78.9%), bilateral pectoral muscle flaps were mobilized sufficiently to cover and stabilize the defect created by wound debridement. 4 patients(21.0%) needed bilateral pectoral muscle flaps plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps because their pectoralis major muscle flaps could not reach the lowest portion of the wound. 2 patients(10.5%) presented with subcutaneous infection, and 3 patients(15.8%) had hematoma. They recovered following local debridement and medication. 17 patients(89.5%) were examined at follow-up 12 months later, all healed and having stable sternum. No patients showed infection recurrence during the follow-up period over 12 months. Conclusion DSWI following median sternotomy may be effectively managed with adequate debridement of infected tissues and reconstruction with bilateral pectoralis major muscle or plus rectus abdominis muscle flap transposition.

Early Repair of Sternal Instability Prevents Mediastinitis

Background: Discharge due to superficial wound infection and sternal dehiscence are the common complications of median sternotomy. This condition leads to mediastinitis. Mediastinitis is a serious condition which increases morbidity, mortality and hospital costs. The correct time for surgical treatment is contraversial in cases who have sternal dehiscence and discharge due to superficial infection. In this study, patients received sternal stabilization as soon as a diagnosis was made and monitored for the development of mediastinitis. Methods: Among the 1440 patients who had undergone elective CABG, a total of 85 patients who developed sternal dehiscence and superficial wound discharge were included in this study. These patients were re-operated on as soon as diagnosed and early sternal stabilization was provided. Results: The ratio of overall dehiscence was 5.9%. Mediastinitis developed in only 2 of the 85 patients. These patients were treated with VAC (Vacuum Assisted Closure) therapy. The ratio of overall mediastinitis was 0.13. Mediastinitis-related mortality was not detected. Conclusion: The ratio of mediastinitis decreases when patients who have discharge due to sternal dehiscence and superficial wound infection are immediately reviewed without waiting for the results of conventional methods such as antibiotic treatment and chest binder support.

Congenital sternal foramen in a stillborn Holstein calf

Congenital sternal foramen is an anomaly whose occurrence is rare in human but is especially unusual in animals.This defect was formed when fusion of multiple ossification centers was incomplete.It may be associated with other lesions in body organs especially cardiac anomalies.In the present study,we report a very rare case of congenital sternal foramen in a Holstein calf.The oval defect was like a gunshot wound and located at the lower third of the sternum.Apparently,the rest of skeleton system seems normal.The awareness of the anomaly is important for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Resternotomy Following Sternal Bone Cement Implantation: A Great Challenge for Cardiac Surgeons

Background: Median sternotomy and resternotomy is the standard technique for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valvular heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Despite ad-vances in many areas of cardiac surgical procedures, there is a lack of innovation in sternal closure techniques. Several studies have examined sternal closure techniques including wiring, interlocking, plate and screw, and bone cementation. However, none of them achieved widespread acceptability. On one hand, serious post-operative complications are associated with the use of wiring and plating techniques in high-risk patients. The aim of this study is showing challenges and difficulties with resternotomy in patient with a history of previous cardiac surgery and usage of biologic bone cements. Case Report: The case was a 56-year-old woman with a history of previous sternotomy for mitral and aortic valve replacement (mechanical sj. No. 29 and mechanical sj. No. 21, respectively) using biologic bone cement (Kryptonite TM, Doctors Research Group Inc.) for her osteopenic sternum. Four years after the mitral valve replacement (MVR), she was referred to emergency department with a thrombosis at the mitral valve. She under-went emergent cardiac surgery with a very difficult resternotomy under femoral cannulation support. Conclusion: Resternotomy in patients with previous sternotomy with Kryptonite bone cements or calcium phosphate cements (CPC) is safe and can be done similar to other cardiac reoperations. It seems that reoperation in this patients does not increase the risk of bleeding, morbidity, and mortality.

Combined application of Robicsek procedure and thermoreactive nitinol clips for treating a patient with sternal dehiscence

Postopereative sternal dehiscence is one of the most important complications of median sternotomy which may cause pulmonary dysfunction and mediastinitis. We are reporting a patient with sternal dehiscence after coronary artery bypass surgery that underwent application of thermoreactive nitinol clips in addition to Robicsek procedure. Using thermoreactive nitinol clips method together with Robicsek procedure may be a valuable technique for preventing recurrent sternal dehiscence for patients who are candidates of noninfective recurrent sternal dehiscence.

Prevention of Sternal Dehiscence Following Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries in OPCAB

Purpose: We harvested bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries and made LIMA-RIMA Y in all the patients undergoing OPCAB at our center irrespective of the presence or absence of various risk factors for sternal dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to find an effective way of sternal closure in patients undergoing OPCAB with both the Internal Mammary Arteries harvested for grafting. Method: The patients who did not have any risk factors were placed in group I and all of them had a standard six wire closure of sternotomy. The patients having any risk factors were placed in group II. The patients in group II were randomized by including every alternate patient from group II to subgroup II A and every other alternate patient from group II to subgroup II B. Patients in subgroup II A again had a standard closure of sternotomy while in patients of subgroup II B bilateral Robiscek repair and four-five interlocking figure of eight wires were used for closure of sternotomy. Results: The patients who had risk factors for sternal dehiscence had higher risk for sternal dehiscence as compared to patients without any risk factors if bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries were harvested for OPCAB. But if we used bilateral Robiscek repair with four to five interlocking figure of eight wires for sternal closure then the rate of sternal complications in the patients with risk factors for sternal dehiscence was not more than the patients without risk factors. Conclusion: We can harvest bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries for OPCAB without fear of sternal complications even in patients with high risk for sternal dehiscence if we use bilateral Robiscek repair with four to five interlocking figure of eight wires for sternal closure.

Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Bleeding Sternal Mass

A 53-year-old man with bleeding from a sternal mass associated with a toxic syndrome. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a destructive sternal mass, bilateral pleural effusion and an endobronchial lesion in the right middle lobe bronchus. Immunohistopathological study of an incisional biopsy confirmed metastasic lung adenocarcinoma.

Deep Sternal Wound Infections after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Analysis of 29 Cases from Iraq

Background: Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI), or mediastinitis, is a devastating complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This prospective study aimed to assess our management of DSWI in view of the published literature. Methods: Over 2-years (ending in January 2016), 29 patients (20 males) developed DSWI amongst 520 patients who underwent standard CABG surgeries (5.6%). Pre-, intra- and postoperative variables were documented. Whenever possible, the infections were culture-verified. Besides antibiotics, patients received one or more of the following therapies: drainage, debridement, closed irrigation, sternal re-wiring, vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), and bone resection. Results: the male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Mean age was 58.1 ± 7.3 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2. There were 18, 16 and 11 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) respectively. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was utilized in 26 (89.7%) patients with a mean time of 117.5 ± 23.3 minutes. Most surgeries (n = 21, 72.4%) lasted 5 - 6 hrs. According to Pairolero classification, there were 3 (10.3%) Type I, 22 (75.9%) Type II and 4 (13.8%) Type III infections. Four (13.8%) cases were culture-verified. Twenty-three (79.3%) DSWIs were surgically managed. Sternal re-wiring was performed in 14 (48.3%) cases while VAC was added to other therapies in 2 (6.9%) patients. DSWIs completely resolved in 18 (62.0%) patients within 3 - 24 weeks while two (6.9%) patients died within 30 days. Conclusion: We have identified six independent risk factors for DSWI (male gender, obesity, DM, hypertension, COPD and CPB), five of them are modifiable.

Acute Presentation of Massive Retrosternal Thyrotoxic Goitres

Approximately 5% of goitres extend below the thoracic inlet and can potentially become life threatening due to compression of the airway and major vessels. Approximately 7% of these goitres which require surgical resection will need an additional sternotomy to deliver the intra-thoracic component. Massive retrosternal toxic goitres presenting acutely are rare and are described infrequently in literature. We hereby present two cases of massive retrosternal thyrotoxic goitres presenting with acute respiratory failure, requiring non-invasive ventilation, as well as significant head and neck venous compression. Surgery on the thyrotoxic patient with a goitre, even if not significantly enlarged, is associated with a high peri-operative mortality due to cardiac instability and hemorrhage. We discuss the challenges of surgical intervention in these patients with particular emphasis on the timing of surgery to relieve compressive symptoms and the time needed to achieve a euthyroid state. We also emphasize the need for meticulous hemostasis, use of a cell-saver, transfusion protocols, adjuncts to hemostasis, as well as careful monitoring and continuous adjustments to the coagulation profile.

Intraoperative vs 24-Hour Administration of Cefamandole to Prevent Deep Sternal Wound Infection and Endocarditis after Adult Cardiac Surgery

Background and Objectives: Duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for cardiac surgery is still debated and controversial. International guidelines are vague: French guidelines recommend an intraoperative administration, while the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ guidelines suggest that optimal postoperative prophylactic antibiotics be given for 48 hours or less. Very few studies have compared the same antibiotic with 2 different administration durations. The study was designed to compare the efficacy of 24-hour administration of cefamandole vs intraoperative cefamandole to prevent deep sternal wound infection and endocarditis after cardiac surgery. Methods: This retrospective and observational study compared the rates of severe surgical site infections (deep sternal wound infection, endocarditis) after cardiac surgery between period 1, 01/01/2008-31/08/2008, with 24-hour administration of cefamandole, and period 2, 01/09/2008-30/04/2009 with intraoperative cefamandole. Results: Among 933 patients, 14 patients (1.5%) developed surgical site infection during the 16-month study: 1.3% during the first period and 1.7% during the second (ns). The populations (470 patients in period 1 and 463 in period 2) were homogeneous and comparable for pre-, intra- and postoperative characteristics. Surgical site infection characteristics (pathogens involved, time to diagnosis) and consequences (longer hospital stay, outcomes) were comparable in the 2 groups. Conclusions: Intraoperative cefamandole was as safe as its 24-hour administration to prevent deep sternal wound infection and endocarditis after adult cardiac surgery.

Clinical analysis of patients with deep sternal wound infection-induced sepsis:a retrospective cohort study

Background:This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with deep sternal wound infection-induced sepsis after median sternotomy and improve the treatment outcomes of infection-related sepsis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 21 patients with deep sternal wound infection-induced sepsis after median sternotomy who were admitted to the Department of Critical Care.The clinical manifestations,laboratory test results,infection control,and organ and nutritional support of the patients were summarized,and the follow-up data were obtained.Results:The primary symptoms of deep sternal wound infection-induced sepsis included dyspnea,high fever,chills,and altered state of consciousness.Laboratory test results revealed increased inflammatory markers and decreased oxygenation index.Renal and liver function injury were observed in 8 and 4 patients,respectively;18 and 12 patients demonstrated elevated D-dimer and N-terminal Pro B type natriuretic peptide levels,respectively.Of the 8 patients whose wound secretions tested positive for bacteria,Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus infections were present in 6 and 2 patients,respectively.One of the 6 patients whose blood cultures tested positive for bacteria demonstrated Candida albicans infection.Fifteen patients received ventilator-assisted ventilation and 2 patients received renal replacement therapy.Of all the 21 patients,17 were cured,2 died,and 2 were discharged.Conclusion:Postmedian sternotomy sepsis attributed to a deep sternal wound infection usually results from a preexisting condition.The most prominent clinical manifestation is dyspnea,which is sometimes accompanied by the impairment of organ function.Infection prevention,proper nutrition support,and maintenance of healthy organ function are the cornerstones for successful treatment outcomes.

带蒂大网膜移植术治疗恶性肿瘤放射性胸部溃疡并胸骨骨髓炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨带蒂大网膜移植术治疗恶性肿瘤放射治疗(放疗)后引发的胸部溃疡并胸骨骨髓炎的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析4例恶性肿瘤放射性胸部溃疡并胸骨骨髓炎患者的临床资料,均行带蒂大网膜移植手术治疗,观察治疗效果。结果4例患者均顺利实施手术治疗,手术时间85~150 min,出血量200~700 ml,住院天数22~99 d。1例患者术后溃疡面积明显缩小,仅残留针状窦道,出院后门诊换药6个月后治愈;其余患者均顺利治愈出院,无二次手术。1例患者术后1年因肺癌肝转移死亡,其余3例随访至今胸骨骨髓炎无复发。结论对于恶性肿瘤放射性胸部溃疡并胸骨骨髓炎患者,带蒂大网膜移植术是一种安全有效的手术方式。

布比卡因脂质体与盐酸布比卡因局部麻醉对老年胸骨正中切口心脏手术患者术后镇痛效果的比较

目的比较布比卡因脂质体(LB)与盐酸布比卡因(BH)局部麻醉在老年胸骨正中切口心脏手术患者中的术后镇痛效果。方法选取2023年9—12月周口市中心医院收治106例老年胸骨正中切口心脏手术患者,随机分为BH组和LB组,各53例。BH组术后切口局部注射BH并使用自控静脉镇痛(PCIA),LB组切口局部注射LB并使用PCIA。术后6、12、24、48、72 h,比较两组患者视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、Ramsay镇静评分、血清疼痛介质[5-羟色胺、P物质、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))、β内啡肽(β-EP)]、应激激素水平[皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素(NE)]。比较两组术后镇痛药物使用情况、住院时间及不良反应。结果LB组术后24、48、72 h静息及活动状态下VAS评分低于BH组(P<0.05)。LB组术后6、12、24、48、72 h血清5-羟色胺、P物质、PGE_(2)、皮质醇、NE水平低于BH组,β-EP水平高于BH组(P<0.05)。LB组术后首次使用镇痛药物时间长于BH组,术后72 h内阿片类药总用量少于BH组(P<0.05)。LB组与BH组住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LB组不良反应发生率与BH组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论切口局部注射LB应用于老年开胸手术患者术后镇痛效果显著,能减轻机体应激反应与疼痛介质水平,且对镇静程度无影响,安全性较好。

右腋下小切口与胸骨正中切口两种入路方式治疗先天性心脏病患儿的效果观察

目的探讨先天性心脏病患者采取不同入路手术治疗的临床价值。方法抽取洛阳市中心医院2021年1月至2023年12月收入的先天性心脏病患儿70例,依据不同手术方式分为对照组与观察组,各35例,对照组接受胸骨正中切口,观察组接受右腋下小切口,对两组患儿临床指标(手术时间、体外循环时间、输血量、胸腔引流量、主动脉阻断时间、住院时间),疼痛程度,呼吸功能及并发症发生情况进行组间比较。结果两组患儿手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组输血量、胸腔引流量均低于对照组,且住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿各时间段呼吸功能指标相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患儿各时间段疼痛程度评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿并发症发生风险相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种手术入路方式均可治疗先天性心脏病,且与胸骨正中切口相比,右腋下小切口不会影响患儿呼吸功能,且可改善疼痛程度,促进患儿快速康复,安全性较高,值得临床应用。

胸骨正中劈开入路心脏术后并发胸部切口感染危险因素的病例对照研究

背景胸骨正中劈开术是开胸心脏手术的常规入路,经此入路行心脏手术的患者术后可并发胸部切口感染(sternal wound infection,SWI),给患者造成巨大的心理和经济负担。目的探索SWI发生的危险因素,积极预防并降低其发病率。方法回顾性分析2011年1月—2021年1月于解放军总医院通过胸骨正中劈开入路行开胸心脏手术患者,筛选发生SWI的病例,并进行1∶4倾向性匹配。通过单因素Cox分析和LASSO回归筛选与SWI发生有关的特征指标,综合专家意见后进行多因素Cox回归确定切口感染的独立危险因素。结果5471例患者中61例在开胸手术后180 d内发生SWI,发病率为1.11%,其中44例为浅表胸骨切口感染,17例为深部胸骨切口感染。病例组男21例,女40例,中位年龄61岁;对照组男110例,女134例,中位年龄59岁。多因素Cox回归分析显示,体质量指数[HR(95%CI):1.07(1.00~1.14),P=0.038]、糖尿病[HR(95%CI):1.87(1.01~3.46),P=0.046]、心肌梗死[HR(95%CI):2.25(1.19~4.26),P=0.013]是SWI的独立危险因素。结论基于解放军总医院病例数据,本研究发现SWI的独立危险因素为糖尿病、高体质量指数和心肌梗死。这些因素可能通过破坏伤口愈合过程、损害组织修复和皮肤屏障完整性以及降低对细菌的抵抗力影响SWI的发生。