Locoweed is a poisonous plant wildly distributed in most areas of the world,which causes livestock poisoning or death with serious economic loss.The Astragalus strictus belongs to a species of Iocoweed.It is mainly di...Locoweed is a poisonous plant wildly distributed in most areas of the world,which causes livestock poisoning or death with serious economic loss.The Astragalus strictus belongs to a species of Iocoweed.It is mainly distributed in Tibet of China and is a serious hazard to the local livestock industry.The objective of this study is extracting and purifying condition of Swainsonine from Astragalus strictus with the cellulase extraction method.An optimum extracting technology of SW from Astragalus strictus was investigated through the orthogonal experiment under the cellulose assistance conditions,and then the content of swainsonine was analyzed with gas chromatography （GC） method.The optimized extraction conditions were as follow：The crushed mesh is 40; solid-liquid ratio is 1∶40 （g/ml）; enzyme dosage is 3.5％; enzymatic time is 3 h.Under the above conditions,the extraction percentage of the swainsonine was 0.003 941％.The conditions for extracting swainsonine with cellulase extraction method are mild,it is easy to utilize industrial production.It is benefit for producing swainsonine from Astragalus strictus.展开更多
Locoweed is a poisonous plant wildly distributed in most area of the world and can cause livestock poisoning or death with significant economic loss. The principal responsible for its toxicity is indolizidine alkaloid...Locoweed is a poisonous plant wildly distributed in most area of the world and can cause livestock poisoning or death with significant economic loss. The principal responsible for its toxicity is indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, a new potential anticancer and antiviral drug. Astragalus strictus is mainly distributed in Tibet of China and is a serious hazard to the local livestock industry. To analyze its main toxic ingredients and supply more structural information and more accurate data, swainsonine has been isolated from this plant by D101 macroporous resin and the ^1H and ^13C chemical shifts of the compound has been assigned by 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR techniques. At the same time, complete assignments of swainsonine＇s ^13C spectral signals are reported.展开更多
ED50 of Pure Swainsonine (SW) to EMT6 cell strain is 1.2 (0.8-1.6) mg/L and the dose of entire lethal is 6.4 mg/L with MTT method. After ig crude extraction of SW to S180 sareoma rooted in mouse and EMT6 model mice wi...ED50 of Pure Swainsonine (SW) to EMT6 cell strain is 1.2 (0.8-1.6) mg/L and the dose of entire lethal is 6.4 mg/L with MTT method. After ig crude extraction of SW to S180 sareoma rooted in mouse and EMT6 model mice with breast carcinoma for 12 d at dose of 16 mg/kg, the inhibitory rates of weight amounts to 49.7% and 49.4% respectively (P<0.01). Given crude extraction of SW at 4 mg/kg combined with irradiation at 5 Gy60Co-γ, the inhibitory rate of weight of S180 amount to 64.5% (P<0.01). It shows that SW has obviously antineoplastic.展开更多
This study was conducted to optimize immunization program to gain the serum against swainsonine （SW） with high titer and to analyze the effects of polychinal antibody in treatment of loco disease of rabbits. Eightee...This study was conducted to optimize immunization program to gain the serum against swainsonine （SW） with high titer and to analyze the effects of polychinal antibody in treatment of loco disease of rabbits. Eighteen rabbits were randomly separated into control group, poisoning group and curing group, with six rabbits in each group. Rabbits in poisoning group and curing group were fed 10 g/（kg ~ d） powder of Oxytropis glabra DC every morning for 70 d till the rabbits in poisoning group began to die. From the 21＇t to 24＇h d of O. glabra administration, each of the rabbits in curing group was injected with 1 mL of polyclonal anti- body against SW every day. Blood samples were collected before O. glabra challenge, and then once every 7 d for the serological and immunological evaluation of serum. The resuhs showed that the serum alkaline phosphatase （AKP） activity and SW content in poisoning groups were significantly higher than those in control group on the 7th d （P 〈0.05 ） ; the serum aspartate transaminase （AST） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity in poisoning groups were significantly higher than those in control group on the 14th d （P 〈 0.05 ）, while the serum ct - mannosidase （AMA） and rate of E-rosette formation in poisoning groups were signifi- cantly lower than those in control group （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the serum blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine （ CRE ） and glucose （ GLU ） concentration in poisoning groups were significantly higher than those in control group on the 21＇t d （P 〈 0.05 ）. By injecting serum against swainsonine, the serum AKP, LDH, AST, alanine transaminase （ALT） activity and contents of BUN, CRE, GLU, SW were reduced and serum AMA and rate of E-rosette formation were increased in curing group, by comparing with those in poisoning group. These results in this experiment indicated that polyclonal antibody against SW had good value of preventing from O. glabra DC.展开更多
Locoweed is a poisonous plant that severely harms the development of grass-land and animal husbandry throughout the world. Oxytropis and Astragalus are the Latin names for the poisonous plants commonly known as locowe...Locoweed is a poisonous plant that severely harms the development of grass-land and animal husbandry throughout the world. Oxytropis and Astragalus are the Latin names for the poisonous plants commonly known as locoweed. The main toxic substance in these plants is swainsonine. It is a strong inhibitor of lysosomal α-mannosidase I and Golgi body α-mannosidase II, resulting in the accumulation of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins in lysosomes, interfering with the molecular and cellular recognition of glycans, and causing tissue-cell vacuolar degeneration. Livestock shows a series of clinical and pathological symptoms, mainly for the decline of reproductive performance. The effects in dams are abortion, weak fetus, and fetal malformations. The key step in maintaining pregnancy in dams is early endometrial decidualization, because reproductive hormones, decidual cell apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and other immune factors are negatively affected by swainsonine. This article addresses the modifications that occur through glycan processing and glycosylation resulting in the change of post-translational modification of the protein and the activity of the glycoprotein, and then direct and indirect mechanisms of ER stress, apoptosis, reproductive hormones, immune factors, and cell cycle and other pathways. Our aim is to find new methods of prevention and treatment of swainsonine poisoning in grassland animals.展开更多
Swainsonine （1） belongs to the family of indolizine alkaloid with strong neurologically toxic effects on herbivorous livestock. Recently, a great amount of evidence confirmed that this alkaloid displayed a wide rang...Swainsonine （1） belongs to the family of indolizine alkaloid with strong neurologically toxic effects on herbivorous livestock. Recently, a great amount of evidence confirmed that this alkaloid displayed a wide range of bioactivities especially anti-cancer biological effects. The potential targets of swainsonine （1） were now revealed to be the mannosidase and Golgi mannosidase 1I. Its low yield in plants or fungi, and no economically total synthesis route in practice as the key bottleneck restricted its further structure- activities relationships （SAR） investigation in drug discovery. This mini-review highlighted the biosynthetic advance of swainsonine （1） from 1973 to 2017 based on the results of isotope-labelled experiments and the recent research of its biosynthetic gene cluster, which could provide some thoughts for further biosynthetic investigation and efficiently biomimetic synthesis of swainsonine （1） in order to increase its output in practice.展开更多
文摘Locoweed is a poisonous plant wildly distributed in most areas of the world,which causes livestock poisoning or death with serious economic loss.The Astragalus strictus belongs to a species of Iocoweed.It is mainly distributed in Tibet of China and is a serious hazard to the local livestock industry.The objective of this study is extracting and purifying condition of Swainsonine from Astragalus strictus with the cellulase extraction method.An optimum extracting technology of SW from Astragalus strictus was investigated through the orthogonal experiment under the cellulose assistance conditions,and then the content of swainsonine was analyzed with gas chromatography （GC） method.The optimized extraction conditions were as follow：The crushed mesh is 40; solid-liquid ratio is 1∶40 （g/ml）; enzyme dosage is 3.5％; enzymatic time is 3 h.Under the above conditions,the extraction percentage of the swainsonine was 0.003 941％.The conditions for extracting swainsonine with cellulase extraction method are mild,it is easy to utilize industrial production.It is benefit for producing swainsonine from Astragalus strictus.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (39770571)
文摘Locoweed is a poisonous plant wildly distributed in most area of the world and can cause livestock poisoning or death with significant economic loss. The principal responsible for its toxicity is indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, a new potential anticancer and antiviral drug. Astragalus strictus is mainly distributed in Tibet of China and is a serious hazard to the local livestock industry. To analyze its main toxic ingredients and supply more structural information and more accurate data, swainsonine has been isolated from this plant by D101 macroporous resin and the ^1H and ^13C chemical shifts of the compound has been assigned by 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR techniques. At the same time, complete assignments of swainsonine＇s ^13C spectral signals are reported.
文摘ED50 of Pure Swainsonine (SW) to EMT6 cell strain is 1.2 (0.8-1.6) mg/L and the dose of entire lethal is 6.4 mg/L with MTT method. After ig crude extraction of SW to S180 sareoma rooted in mouse and EMT6 model mice with breast carcinoma for 12 d at dose of 16 mg/kg, the inhibitory rates of weight amounts to 49.7% and 49.4% respectively (P<0.01). Given crude extraction of SW at 4 mg/kg combined with irradiation at 5 Gy60Co-γ, the inhibitory rate of weight of S180 amount to 64.5% (P<0.01). It shows that SW has obviously antineoplastic.
基金Supported by Doctoral Fund of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2008JC07)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,Xin Jiang Production & Construction Corps(HS201207)
文摘This study was conducted to optimize immunization program to gain the serum against swainsonine （SW） with high titer and to analyze the effects of polychinal antibody in treatment of loco disease of rabbits. Eighteen rabbits were randomly separated into control group, poisoning group and curing group, with six rabbits in each group. Rabbits in poisoning group and curing group were fed 10 g/（kg ~ d） powder of Oxytropis glabra DC every morning for 70 d till the rabbits in poisoning group began to die. From the 21＇t to 24＇h d of O. glabra administration, each of the rabbits in curing group was injected with 1 mL of polyclonal anti- body against SW every day. Blood samples were collected before O. glabra challenge, and then once every 7 d for the serological and immunological evaluation of serum. The resuhs showed that the serum alkaline phosphatase （AKP） activity and SW content in poisoning groups were significantly higher than those in control group on the 7th d （P 〈0.05 ） ; the serum aspartate transaminase （AST） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity in poisoning groups were significantly higher than those in control group on the 14th d （P 〈 0.05 ）, while the serum ct - mannosidase （AMA） and rate of E-rosette formation in poisoning groups were signifi- cantly lower than those in control group （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the serum blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine （ CRE ） and glucose （ GLU ） concentration in poisoning groups were significantly higher than those in control group on the 21＇t d （P 〈 0.05 ）. By injecting serum against swainsonine, the serum AKP, LDH, AST, alanine transaminase （ALT） activity and contents of BUN, CRE, GLU, SW were reduced and serum AMA and rate of E-rosette formation were increased in curing group, by comparing with those in poisoning group. These results in this experiment indicated that polyclonal antibody against SW had good value of preventing from O. glabra DC.
文摘Locoweed is a poisonous plant that severely harms the development of grass-land and animal husbandry throughout the world. Oxytropis and Astragalus are the Latin names for the poisonous plants commonly known as locoweed. The main toxic substance in these plants is swainsonine. It is a strong inhibitor of lysosomal α-mannosidase I and Golgi body α-mannosidase II, resulting in the accumulation of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins in lysosomes, interfering with the molecular and cellular recognition of glycans, and causing tissue-cell vacuolar degeneration. Livestock shows a series of clinical and pathological symptoms, mainly for the decline of reproductive performance. The effects in dams are abortion, weak fetus, and fetal malformations. The key step in maintaining pregnancy in dams is early endometrial decidualization, because reproductive hormones, decidual cell apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and other immune factors are negatively affected by swainsonine. This article addresses the modifications that occur through glycan processing and glycosylation resulting in the change of post-translational modification of the protein and the activity of the glycoprotein, and then direct and indirect mechanisms of ER stress, apoptosis, reproductive hormones, immune factors, and cell cycle and other pathways. Our aim is to find new methods of prevention and treatment of swainsonine poisoning in grassland animals.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 31570340, for G. Ding)The National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017ZX09101003-006-006)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.502-17)
文摘Swainsonine （1） belongs to the family of indolizine alkaloid with strong neurologically toxic effects on herbivorous livestock. Recently, a great amount of evidence confirmed that this alkaloid displayed a wide range of bioactivities especially anti-cancer biological effects. The potential targets of swainsonine （1） were now revealed to be the mannosidase and Golgi mannosidase 1I. Its low yield in plants or fungi, and no economically total synthesis route in practice as the key bottleneck restricted its further structure- activities relationships （SAR） investigation in drug discovery. This mini-review highlighted the biosynthetic advance of swainsonine （1） from 1973 to 2017 based on the results of isotope-labelled experiments and the recent research of its biosynthetic gene cluster, which could provide some thoughts for further biosynthetic investigation and efficiently biomimetic synthesis of swainsonine （1） in order to increase its output in practice.
