Research of Reinforced Excitation Scheme for the Switched Reluctance Generator

This paper focuses on the reinforced excitation scheme for the switched reluctance generator (SRG) operating in a low voltage and wide speed range system. From the operational principle of SRG discussed, it can be seen that the key element to SRG generating is the reasonable and sufficient excitation. So the reinforced excitation scheme is addressed and proved by the tests of an SRG system.

Voltage Control of a 12/8 Pole Switched Reluctance Generator Using Fuzzy Logic

This paper presents a voltage controller for a 12/8 switched reluctance generator (SRG). SR machines have a robust with simple structure because they have no windings or permanent magnets on the rotor, so they are capable of working at high speed application and at rough condition. However, due to nonlinear nature, doubly salient poles, time variant parameters, and non-ideal current waveform, The SRG output voltage inherently contains ripples. The proposed voltage controller is based on fuzzy logic that is very efficient over uncertainty and parameter variations. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by comparing the obtained result with that of a PI-controller.

Switched Reluctance Generator for Variable Speed Wind Energy Applications

The aim of this paper is to analyze the potential of switched reluctance generator (SRG) in wind energy application. The machine comprises of switched reluctance generator, power converter and controller. In this paper the main ele-ments that form the generator system is discussed. It also highlights the common type of converter and structure used for SRG in wind energy application and types of control strategy available. Using power converter for switching the generator can operate over a wide speed range. Its applications in high speed area such as starter/generator for air-craft and gas turbine has been established, however the low/medium speed operation is still at an early stage of re-search. In order to subject the machine to various parameters, offline modeling is being investigated to produce the best optimum design.

State of the Art of Switched Reluctance Generator

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent development on the switched reluctance machine operating in generating mode in both the low and high speed operations. The machine consists of a salient rotor and stator poles and controlled via switching of the power electronic devices. There is a steady development of the machine operating in the motoring mode;however, its generating operation is still under study. This paper gives an overview of the machine, followed by the principle of operation in generating mode and briefly discusses the structure and types of control methods which involve the switched reluctance generator (SRG). Due to its geometry simplicity and advantages such as robust, ability to operate over a wide speed range and absence of permanent magnet and windings on the rotor, the SRG promises to be a good candidate for variable speed application.

Optimal Output Power Control of Switched Reluctance Generator at a Constant Speed

In order to control the output power of a switched reluctance generator(SRG)at a constant speed,the output power of SRG is theoretically analyzed by using freewheeling control.First,through a theoretical analysis,a finite element simulation and an experiment,it was verified that the output power of SRG cannot be improved by using freewheeling control with a single pulse control method(SPCM).Then,the maximum output power can be obtained by optimizing the turn off angles of SPCM at a constant speed,and at the same time,the formula of the optimal turn-off angle was presented,which meets the criterion for the output power maximization.Finally,numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrated the validity of the theoretical analysis.

Design and Initial Testing of An Integrated Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

According to specific performance requirements,an integrated switched reluctance starter/generator system,which can start the engine and supply electrical energy to the loads,is designed and manufactured for the unmanned aerial vehicle.Considering the required starting torque and speed range,the geometrical dimensions of the switched reluctance machine are calculated based on the output equation and further optimized with finite element analysis,and the flux-linkage,inductance and static torque characteristics are illustrated.To verify the performances of the designed system,detailed simulation with the model considering piston engine and experiment using the test bench are carried out.

An Integrated Wind and Hydro Power System Using Switched Reluctance Generator

This research work seeks to make renewable energy more reliable, cost effective, and accessible by exploring a different energy combination system to that currently applied to wind and hydro power. Instead of the usual electrical combination of wind and hydro generators, this work involved combining a water and wind turbine mechanically, before driving an electrical generator. This new combination system was modeled and optimized in MATLAB, using a direct combination system commonly found in multi-engine helicopters. The system was found to operate satisfactorily, however it is mechanically more complex than current electrical combining systems. Research was undertaken regarding wind and water resource availability, and the turbines were chosen with these taken into consideration. Various combination systems were explored, including torque and speed split mechanical combinations, conventional electrical combination, and using a modified switched reluctance generator as a method of electro-mechanical combination. The generator selected for this work is a three phase 12/8 Switched Reluctance (SR) machine. A detailed winding polarity having four poles per phase and their effect on the performance of the machine is

Research on Switched Reluctance Motor for Automobile Starter/Generator System

A self-designed and developed 12/10 switched reluctance motor(SRM)is chosen as the object of study and a prototype of 2.5?kW switched reluctance starter/generator with fly-wheel is designed based on the requirements of the selected engine (Changan Aotooc three-cylinder engine wagon) for the starter, generator and drive. The 36?V/42 V DC source system is applied to establishing the simulation-analyzing model of the motor. A finite-element (FE) analysis of its two-dimensional electromagnetic field is conducted to obtain the exact model of the motor. Systematic simulation is carried out combining with its power conversion circuit and control element. Meanwhile the starting process and performance of the system are studied and analyzed with special efforts. Satisfactory result is derived from the testing of the prototype: theoretical analysis is basically matched with the tested data, which proves the rationality and feasibility of the design procedures, systematic modeling and control strategies. Therefore, the new 12/10-structure scheme is put forward based on the development and analysis of various SRM and it meets the requirements of the researched motor in terms of the structural parameters.

High Frequency Charging Techniques—Grid Connected Power Generation Using Switched Reluctance Generator

Power generation becomes the need of developed, developing and under developed countries to meet their increasing power requirements. When affordability increases their requirement of power increases, this happens when increased per capita consumption. The existing power scenario states that highest power is produced using firing of coals called thermal energy. A high efficiency Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) based high frequency switching scheme to enhance the output for grid connectivity is designed, fabricated and evaluated. This proposed method generates the output for the low wind speed. It provides output at low speed because of multi-level DC-DC converter and storage system. It is an efficient solution for low wind power generation. The real time readings and results are discussed.

Analysis and Control of a Three-Phase Switched Reluctance Wind Generator

This paper deals with various aspects of modeling, simulation, analysis, and control ofa SRG （switched reluctance generator） in different modes of operation. Excitation method of such a generator is shortly described. The output power of the SRG is controlled so that it can track the maximum output power of a wind turbine drive applications. Also, the output generator voltage is stabilized under either load or wind speed variations. Basic operational characteristics of a three-phase 6/4 SRG are developed through experimental observation. Meanwhile, the real-time operation was implemented in a DSP （digital signal processor） environment. The simulation of the complete system model has been obtained using the Matlab/Simulink software. A good agreement between experimental and simulation results has been observed which supports the validity of the proposed analysis.

Performance Prediction of Switched Reluctance Motor using Improved Generalized Regression Neural Networks for Design Optimization

Since practical mathematical model for the design optimization of switched reluctance motor(SRM)is difficult to derive because of the strong nonlinearity,precise prediction of electromagnetic characteristics is of great importance during the optimization procedure.In this paper,an improved generalized regression neural network(GRNN)optimized by fruit fly optimization algorithm(FOA)is proposed for the modeling of SRM that represent the relationship of torque ripple and efficiency with the optimization variables,stator pole arc,rotor pole arc and rotor yoke height.Finite element parametric analysis technology is used to obtain the sample data for GRNN training and verification.Comprehensive comparisons and analysis among back propagation neural network(BPNN),radial basis function neural network(RBFNN),extreme learning machine(ELM)and GRNN is made to test the effectiveness and superiority of FOA-GRNN.

Research on Iron Loss of Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator for Energy Storage

In order to better realize the energy recovery and storage of hybrid EVs(HEVs),a switched reluctance starter/generator(SRS/G)with both starting and power generation functions is investigated in this paper.First,the iron loss of SRS/G is mainly studied to reduce the motor loss and improve the power generation efficiency.Then,the energy storage of hybrid EVs can be effectively improved.Secondly,a magnetic flux density(MFD)waveforms solution method is proposed to solve the difficulty in calculating the iron loss of the SRS/G.Compared with the commonly used finite element method,the proposed solution method has the advantages of simple,fast and small computational amount.Meanwhile,considering the different operating conditions of SRS/G,the iron loss models for both the time-domain and frequency-domain are established.In addition,the calculation formula of the variable coefficient Bertotti three-term loss separation is improved.As the hysteresis loss coefficient,the Steinmetz coefficient and the stray loss coefficient are respectively fitted by the Fourier fitting method.This method is also applied to solve the iron loss of SRS/G.Finally,through an experimental verification,it is indicated that the development of proposed method has high accuracy.

一种高速SRG功率变换器及其CCM风电控制

提出一种无主开关管的新型开关磁阻发电机(SRG)功率变换器拓扑,在高速运行和连续导通模式(CCM)下分析其励磁和发电两阶段工作过程,并与通过开关角控制的经典不对称半桥功率变换器进行对比,发现两者的励磁和发电工作过程基本相同。进一步通过仿真和实验,获得新型功率变换器在高速CCM时的相电压、相电流等结果与理论分析相吻合,并获得转速、励磁电压、发电电压、功率四者的约束关系,从而优化输出功率时可采用调节励磁电压和发电电压的方式,相比于不对称半桥功率变换器,两者的发电输出能力相当。最后,以变速风电应用为例,给出控制策略,无需转子位置检测和风速检测,基速以上无桨距角调节,证实了所提新型功率变换器及其控制策略在高速CCM运行时的有效性。

Performance prediction of switched reluctance generator with time average and small signal models

This paper presents the complete mathematical model and predicts the performance of switched reluctance generator with time average and small signal models. The complete mathematical model is developed in three stages. First, a switching model is developed based on quasi-linear inductance profile. Next, based on the switching behaviour, a time average model is obtained to measure the difference between the excitation and generation time in each switching cycle. Finally, to track control voltage and current wave shapes, a small signal model is designed. The effectiveness of the complete multilevel model combining electrical machine, power converter, load and control with programming language is demonstrated through simulations. A PI controller is used for controlling the voltage of the generator. The results presented show that the controller exhibits accurate tracking control of load voltage under different operating conditions. This demonstrates that the proposed model is able to perform an accurate control of the generated output voltage even in transient situations. The simulation is performed to choose the control parameters and study the performance of switched reluctance generator prior to its actual implementation. Initial experimental results are presented using NI-Data acquisition card to control the output power according to load requirements.

A Two-dimensional Direct-drive Generator for Wave Energy Conversion

For direct wave energy conversion in a two dimensional(2D) way, this paper proposes a planar, direct-drive generator based on switched reluctance principle. The proposed machine has the merit of a simple and robust structure and it is very suitable for the operation under hostile environment in the ocean. This paper first presents the design and construction of the generator. Then, performance prediction of the generator based on three dimensional(3D) time-stepping finite element methods(FEM) and power generation investigation from co-simulation are carried out. Next, preliminary generation current waveforms are inspected by the regulation of turn-on and turn-off positions based on FEM and verified by experimental results. Last, the voltage output waveform of any one axis of motion is also presented.

混沌粒子群优化神经网络算法应用于SRG建模

粒子群算法是解决非线性、不可微问题的一种优秀算法。利用混沌映射的随机性与遍历性,引入防早熟机制,加强了粒子群的全局搜索能力,但该算法仍然容易在进化后期出现速度变慢现象。BP神经网络具有很强的非线性处理能力和逼近能力,但BP算法是基于梯度下降的方法,存在容易陷入局部最优及初值敏感的缺点。将两种算法优势互补,构建了一种混沌粒子群优化BP神经网络(CPSO-BPNN)的算法。该算法应用到开关磁阻发电机(SRG)的非线性建模中,建模效果表明CPSO-BPNN算法的泛化能力很强,可以比较完美地表达开关磁阻发电机的磁链和转矩特性。

基于SVPWM过调制策略的SRG风力发电系统并网逆变器

以四相8/6极开关磁阻发电机(SRG)为例,介绍了SRG工作原理以及实际工作中的饱和非线性,以傅里叶级数为工具建立非线性数学模型,并针对SRG发电系统的应用场合,采用了一种基于基波电压幅值线性输出控制的SVPWM过调制算法:在过调制区域内,引入幅值系数的概念,基于幅值系数和空间矢量图的顶点电压矢量,计算逆变器输出电压矢量与参考电压矢量的关系,并进一步推导出过调制区的基本电压矢量作用时间。该算法能有效解决对于SRG小功率发电系统,多电平逆变技术不适用,传统的两电平SVPWM算法控制精度又不够理想的问题。在Matlab平台进行仿真,结果表明,基于SVPWM过调制算法的逆变电路能将SRG的输出电能回馈电网,在动、静态环境中均能得到理想的输出电能质量。

基于三电平功率变换器提高SRG输出功率

分析了开关磁阻发电机(SRG)的发电运行条件和提高输出功率的关键因素,提出用三电平功率变换器加入一个中间惯性状态,增大励磁电流和发电续流区的平均电流,以提高SRG的输出功率;采用SRG电压反馈控制系统,保证同时获得良好的恒定输出电压品质;提出三电平功率变换器的开关控制策略,建立基于自励发电模式和电流斩波控制模式的SRG电压反馈控制系统仿真模型;仿真研究验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。

基于简化磁链模型的SRG自励发电

提出了一种开关磁阻发电机(SRG)磁链解析模型,通过傅里叶变换和反正切函数拟合,仅需要5个特殊位置磁链参数即可建立较为精确的SRG磁链模型,同时给出了该简化磁链模型下的电压方程和转矩方程。与需要大量磁链数据的传统建模方法相比,本方法容易实现且计算效率高。利用该方法建立了SRG自励发电模型,研究了SRG自励发电性能,通过实验测得的电压、电流及其他一些特性曲线验证了这种新型建模方法的正确性。

车载SRG风力发电的镍氢电池充电优化控制

针对纯电动汽车续驶里程短的缺点,提出了一种新型基于开关磁阻发电机(Switched Reluctance Generator,SRG)风力发电的双电压式电动汽车供能系统,在车辆行驶或静止时利用SRG风力发电对车载镍氢电池充电,也可给车内其他负载供能,利于增大电池可利用区域。给出并分析基于SRG的镍氢电池充电系统结构,建立SRG发电数学模型,采用电流跟踪Buck电路控制充电电流,省去了常规充电中的变流环节;分析研究镍氢电池的充电特性,采用恒流和模糊控制混合调节充电电流大小,以使电池端电压平稳上升,优化充电过程。建立基于SRG的镍氢电池充电系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明整个系统简单可行,镍氢电池端电压变化率小,验证了充电优化控制策略的有效性,可提高镍氢电池充电效率和使用寿命,具有一定的工程应用价值。